研究目的
To develop a simple and rapid method for the controlled synthesis of core-shell structural graphite coated TiO2 nanoparticles using gas-liquid detonation, and to investigate their properties and formation mechanism.
研究成果
The gas-liquid detonation method successfully synthesizes core-shell TiO2@G nanoparticles with mixed crystal phase TiO2 coated by well-crystallized graphite layers. The method is rapid, simple, and environmentally friendly, with potential for extension to other core-shell nanomaterials.
研究不足
The precursor must be in gaseous or liquid form, and the carbon/oxygen ratio must be controlled to ensure steady detonation. The method may not be applicable to solid precursors or without precise ratio control.
1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:
The experiment uses a gas-liquid detonation method in a closed detonation setup to synthesize core-shell TiO2@G nanoparticles. The ZND model is referenced for understanding the detonation mechanism.
2：Sample Selection and Data Sources:
Precursors include CH4, O2, C6H6, and TiCl4 in specific proportions as detailed in Table
3：Samples are collected after detonation and washing. List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:
Equipment includes a shock wave tube, high-energy igniter (40 J), atomizing system, barometer, and vacuum pump. Materials include TiCl4 (AR, Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd.), C6H6 (AR, Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd.), CH4 (
4：99% purity), O2 (99% purity), and absolute alcohol. Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:
The shock wave tube is evacuated to -
5：1 MPa and heated to 370–450 K. TiCl4 and C6H6 are filled via atomizing system, followed by CH4 and O2 injection to ordinary pressure. The mixture is ignited by a 40 J igniter, with reaction time of 1-5 ms. After cooling, products are collected, washed with alcohol, and dried at 473 K in vacuum for 60 min. Data Analysis Methods:
Characterization techniques include TEM/HRTEM (Tecnai G2 F20, FEI) for morphology, XRD (D/MAX-2400, Rigaku Corporation) for crystal structure, Raman spectroscopy (Bruker Senterra) for carbon structure, and XPS (ESCALAB 250Xi, Thermo Fisher) for elemental composition and chemical state.
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Transmission Electron Microscope
Tecnai G2 F20
FEI
Characterization of morphological features with high resolution.
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X-ray Diffractometer
D/MAX-2400
Rigaku Corporation
Investigation of crystal structures using Cu Kα radiation.
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Raman Spectrometer
Senterra
Bruker
Recording Raman spectrum with laser excitation.
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X-ray Photoelectron Spectrometer
ESCALAB 250Xi
Thermo Fisher
Examination of elemental composition and chemical state with Al Kα radiation.
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High-energy Igniter
Ignition of the mixed precursor in the detonation setup.
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Shock Wave Tube
Closed setup for conducting gas-liquid detonation reactions.
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Atomizing System
Filling liquid precursors into the shock wave tube.
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Barometer
Monitoring pressure during the experiment.
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Vacuum Pump
Evacuating the shock wave tube to vacuum state.
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