研究目的
To develop and demonstrate an all-optical modulator using MXene Ti3C2Tx deposited on a microfiber for optical communications and information processing.
研究成果
The MXene-based all-optical modulator achieves a high phase shift of 16π, an extinction ratio over 18.53 dB, and a rise time of 4.10 ms, demonstrating its potential for compact, low-cost, and integrable optical devices in communications and information processing. Future work should focus on improving response speed and material synthesis.
研究不足
The thermal response time is relatively slow (milliseconds), limiting high-speed applications. The modulator's performance is dependent on pump power and material properties, with potential issues in MXene preparation consistency and agglomeration.
1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:
The study employs a Mach–Zehnder interferometer (MZI) structure with an MXene-deposited microfiber as a phase shifter. Thermo-optic effects are utilized for phase modulation.
2：Sample Selection and Data Sources:
MXene Ti3C2Tx is synthesized via aqueous acid etching of Ti3AlC2 powder. Microfibers are fabricated by tapering single-mode fibers.
3：List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:
Equipment includes optical spectrum analyzers, oscilloscopes, photodetectors, power meters, SEM, TEM, AFM, XRD, Raman spectrometers, infrared thermal cameras, WDMs, tunable delay lines, VOAs, lasers, and choppers. Materials include Ti3AlC2 powder, HF acid, DI water, IPA, and index-matching liquids.
4：Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:
MXene is deposited on microfibers using optical deposition. The MZI is set up with the phase shifter, and control light (980 nm) is used to induce thermal changes. Signal light (1550 nm) is modulated, and outputs are measured for phase shifts and switching characteristics.
5：Data Analysis Methods:
Data is analyzed using linear fitting for phase shifts, exponential fitting for time constants, and spectral analysis for interference patterns.
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Single-mode fiber
SMF-28
Corning
Used to fabricate microfibers for the phase shifter in the modulator.
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Tunable delay line
ODL-340
Santec
Adjusts the optical path length difference in the MZI arms.
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Variable optical attenuator
EVOA1550A
Thorlabs
Adjusts optical power to balance the arms of the MZI.
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Optical spectrum analyzer
AQ6375B
Yokogawa
Monitors spectral properties of the modulator output.
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Infrared thermal camera
E6
FLIR
Detects temperature changes in the MXene-deposited microfiber.
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Ti3AlC2 powder
98%, 200 mesh
Forsman Scientific Co.
Raw material for synthesizing MXene Ti3C2Tx via acid etching.
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Hydrofluoric acid
40 wt%
Used for etching Ti3AlC2 to produce MXene Ti3C2Tx.
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Optical power meter
Newport
Measures output power during experiments, e.g., model 2936-R.
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Oscilloscope
1 GHz
Measures time-domain properties of the modulated signal.
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Photodetector
3 GHz
Detects optical signals for time-domain measurements.
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CW laser
Tunics
Yenista
Provides signal light at 1550 nm for switching experiments.
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Amplified spontaneous emission source
OS8143
Provides broadband signal light for spectral measurements.
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