研究目的
To study the effect of TiO2 on chemical, structural, and photoactive characteristics of rGO-TiO2 obtained by alcoholic reduction without any coupler.
研究成果
The rGO-TiO2 composite was successfully synthesized via alcoholic reduction, with strong interactions between graphene and TiO2 confirmed by Raman and XRD. The band gap was reduced from 3.2 eV to 2.54 eV, enabling activation by visible light. The material exhibited high photocatalytic activity in methylene blue degradation under solar and sodium lamp light, with the 1:0.53 ratio showing the best performance. This method is efficient, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly, suggesting potential applications in photoanodes, photovoltaic devices, and photocatalysis.
研究不足
The study is limited to specific ratios of rGO to TiO2 (1:0.17, 1:0.35, 1:0.53) and may not cover all possible compositions. The photocatalytic testing was conducted only with methylene blue, and the scalability or application in other contexts is not explored. Potential optimizations include varying reduction conditions or testing with other pollutants.
1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:
The study involved synthesizing graphene oxide (GO) using a modified Hummers method and then reducing it with ethanol at high temperatures (270°C) to incorporate TiO2 (Degussa P25) into the graphene structure. The reduction process was chosen for its environmental friendliness and non-toxicity, aiming to anchor TiO2 to the graphene network without using coupling agents.
2：Sample Selection and Data Sources:
Graphite powder (<20 μm) from Sigma Aldrich was used as the starting material. TiO2 (Degussa P25) was donated by Degussa: Hulls Corporation. Methylene blue solutions (60 ppm and 25 ppm) were prepared for photocatalytic testing.
3：List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:
Equipment included ice bath, heating bath, centrifuge (6000 rpm), ball flask, vacuum oven, UV-vis spectrophotometer, FTIR spectrometer, XRD diffractometer, Raman spectrometer, SEM. Materials: graphite powder, sulfuric acid, potassium permanganate, hydrogen peroxide, ethanol, isopropanol, deionized water, methylene blue.
4：Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:
GO synthesis: Graphite oxidized with H2SO4 and KMnO4, washed and centrifuged. rGO-TiO2 preparation: GO and TiO2 suspended in ethanol, refluxed at 270°C for 5 hours, dried under vacuum. Photocatalytic testing: Methylene blue degradation under solar light and sodium lamp, with aliquots taken every 20 minutes for UV-vis analysis.
5：Data Analysis Methods:
Percentage degradation calculated using equation (C0 - Cf)/C0 * 100. Band gap estimated from Kubelka-Munk spectra. Structural analysis via FTIR, XRD, Raman spectroscopy, and SEM imaging.
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Graphite powder
<20 μm
Sigma Aldrich
Starting material for graphene oxide synthesis
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Sulfuric acid
H2SO4 99% RA
Fermont
Used in the oxidation process for graphene oxide synthesis
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Potassium permanganate
KMnO4 99.2%
Fermont
Oxidizing agent in graphene oxide synthesis
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Hydrogen peroxide
H2O2 30%
Fermont
Used in the washing step of graphene oxide synthesis
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Ethanol
Absolute, ≥99.8%
Sigma Aldrich
Solvent for alcoholic reduction of graphene oxide
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Titanium dioxide
P25
Degussa
Photocatalytic material incorporated into graphene oxide
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Centrifuge
Used for washing and separating graphene oxide
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UV-vis spectrophotometer
Used to measure methylene blue degradation
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FTIR spectrometer
Used for functional group characterization
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XRD diffractometer
Used for crystalline structure analysis
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Raman spectrometer
Used to confirm interactions between materials
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SEM
Used for imaging material morphology
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Sodium lamp
Light source for photocatalytic testing
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