研究目的
Design and investigation of an autonomous photovoltaic system for building lighters.
研究成果
The developed lighting system significantly reduces electricity consumption from the grid by 85-90% by utilizing renewable energy sources. It lowers operational costs and environmental emissions. Future work could involve integrating wind turbines to enhance reliability during poor solar conditions.
研究不足
The system relies on solar energy, which may be insufficient during cloudy days or snow accumulation, potentially requiring grid backup. The battery lifespan is a limitation, with replacements needed every 5 years or more. The cost analysis is based on specific assumptions (e.g., 300 apartments) and may not generalize to all scenarios. Vandalism and technical issues with sensors or controllers are not fully addressed.
1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:
The system is designed as an autonomous photovoltaic system for lighting common areas in residential buildings, utilizing renewable energy sources. It includes photovoltaic panels, gel batteries, controllers, sensors, and LED lamps. The design rationale focuses on reducing electricity consumption and costs while ensuring reliability through grid backup.
2：Sample Selection and Data Sources:
The system is intended for residential buildings with up to 100 lighting fixtures. Cost calculations are based on a hypothetical building with 300 apartments.
3：List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:
Photovoltaic module (500W/28V), gel batteries (12V), battery status controller, voltage controller, alternative charge controller, sensor blocks (for motion and illumination control), LED lamps (24V/3W).
4：Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:
The system uses solar energy to charge batteries via the photovoltaic module. Batteries power LED lamps through controllers. Sensors detect motion and ambient light to activate lighting only when needed. Grid backup is available for charging batteries when solar energy is insufficient. The system was tested for two years to evaluate performance.
5：Data Analysis Methods:
Cost analysis includes initial investment, battery replacement costs, and energy consumption from the grid over a 20-year lifespan, using simple arithmetic calculations in Bulgarian Lev (BGN).
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