研究目的
To evaluate the performance and limitations of the focused ultrasonic method and the active infrared thermography in terms of detection, positioning, and sizing of adhesion defects at the coating-substrate interface for Ni-WC coatings.
研究成果
The ultrasonic method using phased array transducers is effective for detecting, positioning, and sizing adhesion defects as small as 1 mm in thick coatings, while infrared thermography is not suitable for such applications due to limitations in thermal conduction through thickness.
研究不足
Infrared thermography was ineffective for detecting defects in thick coatings due to the sample thickness; ultrasonic method had difficulties with very thin coatings where interface echoes were confused with bottom echoes. The study was limited to specific artificial defects and coating materials.
1:Experimental Design and Method Selection:
The study compares two non-destructive testing methods: phased array focused ultrasound and active infrared thermography. Ultrasonic inspection uses phased array transducers to generate and receive waves, while thermography uses thermal stimulation and infrared cameras.
2:Sample Selection and Data Sources:
Samples are S235JR mild steel substrates with Ni-WC coatings deposited by laser cladding, containing artificial flat bottom holes of diameters 1 mm, 2 mm, and
3:1 mm at depths of 8-10 mm. List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:
Equipment includes an OLYMPUS Omniscan SX system with a phased array transducer (5 MHz, 32 elements), a FLIR T440 infrared camera, heating lamps or flame, and a Plexiglas shoe. Materials include coated steel samples.
4:Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:
For ultrasound, the transducer is placed on the substrate side with specific focusing depths and element excitations; signals are captured in A-scan, S-scan, and B-scan formats. For thermography, the surface is heated, and temperature is measured with the camera in reflection or transmission mode over time.
5:Data Analysis Methods:
Ultrasonic data is analyzed for echo amplitudes and attenuation using the Beer-Lambert law; thermography data is visualized as thermograms to detect temperature anomalies.
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