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Effectiveness of phased array focused ultrasound and active infrared thermography methods as a nondestructive testing of Ni-WC coating adhesion

DOI:10.1080/10589759.2019.1566905 期刊:Nondestructive Testing and Evaluation 出版年份:2019 更新时间:2025-09-23 15:22:29
摘要: The substrate/coating adhesion is a crucial parameter conditioning the quality of coating and its durability in service. For this reason, an inspection of the coating integrity, in particular, the presence of adhesion defects will be of great importance. The adhesion inspection is usually ensured by destructive methods, such as traction, interfacial indentation, four-point bending, testing scratch, etc. However, it is currently hampered by the absence of a satisfactory non-destructive method. Among the non-destructive testing technologies widely used in the industrial field, there are X-ray diffraction, ultrasonic inspection, and infrared thermography. In this paper, two methods are investigated: ultrasonic inspection, which becoming more efficient, especially with the emergence of phased array systems that allow to investigate different inspection angles and focusing depths, and the active infrared thermography. Experiments were performed on metallic coatings deposited on a mild steel substrate. Coatings were containing artificial defects (flat bottom holes with different diameters) at the interface and others were exempts of defects. Longitudinal waves with specific delay laws were generated through a phased array contact transducer (5 MHz of central frequency). Experimental results show that the ultrasonic method allows detecting and sizing defects with a diameter of 1 mm located in thick coatings.
作者: R. Rachidi,B. Elkihel,F. Delaunois,D. Deschuyteneer
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To evaluate the performance and limitations of the focused ultrasonic method and the active infrared thermography in terms of detection, positioning, and sizing of adhesion defects at the coating-substrate interface for Ni-WC coatings.

The ultrasonic method using phased array transducers is effective for detecting, positioning, and sizing adhesion defects as small as 1 mm in thick coatings, while infrared thermography is not suitable for such applications due to limitations in thermal conduction through thickness.

Infrared thermography was ineffective for detecting defects in thick coatings due to the sample thickness; ultrasonic method had difficulties with very thin coatings where interface echoes were confused with bottom echoes. The study was limited to specific artificial defects and coating materials.

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