1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:

The study involved designing and fabricating metasurfaces using sputter deposition of gold nanoparticles and titanium dioxide layers on glass substrates. Experiments included clarity and distortion measurements, single droplet evaporation tests, defogging tests, and anti-fogging performance evaluations under supersaturated conditions. Theoretical models for clarity (C) and distortion (δ) were used, along with infrared thermography for temperature measurements.

2：Sample Selection and Data Sources:

Samples included untreated glass, superhydrophilic glass, hydrophobic glass, metasurfaces (untreated and hydrophobic variants), and a commercial tinted laminate. Data were collected from experiments involving exposure to supersaturated water vapor environments and illumination with sun-mimicking light sources.

3：List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:

Equipment included a wafer dicer (ADT ProVectus LA 7100), oxygen plasma system (Oxford Instruments Plasmalab 80 Plus), sputter deposition system (Von Ardenne CS 320 C), iCVD system (iLabTM Coating System, GVD Corporation), goniometer (DataPhysics OCA 35), microscopes (Olympus BX60), IR camera (FLIR SC7500), and spectroscopic systems. Materials included fused silica wafers, gold, titanium dioxide, trichlorovinylsilane (TCVS), perfluorodecyl acrylate (PFDA), and tert-butyl peroxide (TBPO).

4：Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:

Procedures involved sample preparation (cutting, cleaning, coating), exposure to supersaturated conditions, illumination with light sources, and measurement of clarity, distortion, evaporation times, and temperatures. Specific steps included fogging samples by cooling, transferring to experimental setups, and recording data with cameras and sensors.

5：Data Analysis Methods:

Data were analyzed using statistical methods (e.g., t-tests), calculations of clarity and distortion from image intensities, and temperature profiling. Software tools included goniometer software and custom analysis for thermal and optical data.