摘要： Highly asymmetric Au nanostructures, such as split Au nanorings and Au nanocups, exhibit attractive plasmonic properties due to their asymmetric geometries. To facilitate their plasmonic applications, effective and facile synthetic methods for producing asymmetric Au nanostructures with controllable sizes and uniform shapes are highly desirable. Herein we report on an approach for the synthesis of largely asymmetric colloidal Au nanobottles with synthetically tunable overall and opening sizes. Au nanobottles with overall sizes in the range of ~100–230 nm are obtained through the sacrificial templating with differently sized PbS nanooctahedra. The opening sizes of the produced Au nanobottles can be tailored from ~10 to ~120 nm by either adjusting the Au/PbS molar ratio in the growth process or controlling the oxidation degree. The achieved size tunability allows the plasmon resonance wavelength of the Au nanobottles to be varied in the range of ~600–900 nm. Our uniform Au nanobottles, which possess controllable sizes, large cavity volumes and tunable plasmon resonance wavelengths in the visible to near-infrared range, have been further applied for anticancer drug delivery and photothermal therapy. The effects of the surface coating and opening size of the Au nanobottles on the drug encapsulation efficiency and initial burst drug release are systemically evaluated. A high doxorubicin encapsulation efficiency and low initial burst drug release are realized with the dense silica-coated Au nanobottles having the opening size of 44 nm. In addition, chemo-photothermal combined therapy has been demonstrated with the doxorubicin-loaded Au nanobottles. Our results will be helpful for the design of the Au nanobottles with different sizes and plasmonic properties as well as ample opportunities for exploring various plasmon-enabled applications out of the Au nanobottles.