研究目的
To compare the technical and economic aspects of off-grid and on-grid photovoltaic (PV) systems for household electricity generation in Indonesia, focusing on the cost per kWh and environmental benefits.
研究成果
The grid-connected PV system has a lower generation cost per kWh (1,244 IDR/kWh) compared to the off-grid system (4,644 IDR/kWh) and the PLN tariff (1,467.28 IDR/kWh), making it economically viable for urban households. Additionally, solar energy use reduces CO2 emissions by 37.9 tons over 25 years, offering environmental benefits. Future work could explore regional variations and scalability.
研究不足
The study relies on online market prices which may vary, and assumptions such as average solar radiation and derating factors might not account for all regional variations in Indonesia. The analysis is specific to household systems and may not scale to larger applications.
1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:
The study uses mathematical models based on technical and economic analyses to calculate the generation cost per kWh for off-grid and grid-connected PV systems. Equations are derived from references for energy consumption, PV panel and battery sizing, inverter sizing, and cost calculations.
2：Sample Selection and Data Sources:
The analysis is based on average daily energy consumption (Eday = 4.8 kWh/day) and solar radiation data (Sd = 4.8 kWh/m2/day) for Indonesia, with component prices sourced from online marketplaces (e.g., Tokopedia) for cities in Indonesia.
3：8 kWh/day) and solar radiation data (Sd = 8 kWh/m2/day) for Indonesia, with component prices sourced from online marketplaces (e.g., Tokopedia) for cities in Indonesia.
List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:
3. List of Experimental Equipment and Materials: Components include solar panels, charge controllers, inverters, batteries, installation, and shipping costs, with specific models and prices listed in tables.
4：Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:
Calculations are performed using the mathematical models to determine the number of components, annual costs, and generation cost per kWh for both system types. Environmental impact is assessed based on CO2 emission reductions.
5：Data Analysis Methods:
Data is analyzed using the provided equations to compute costs and compare with PLN tariffs. Results are presented in tables and discussed.
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