1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:

The study involved synthesizing three dicyanovinyl substituted push-pull chromophores (1-3) using Suzuki-Miyaura and Knoevenagel reactions to compare the effects of C=C and phenyl spacers. Theoretical models included DFT calculations at the B3LYP/6-31G(d) level.

2：Sample Selection and Data Sources:

Compounds were synthesized from commercial chemicals, and their structures were confirmed by NMR, FT-IR, HRMS, and single-crystal X-ray analysis.

3：List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:

Instruments included Bruker AC 400 NMR spectrometer, Bruker Daltonics micrOTOF-Q II HRMS, Bruker Vector 22 IR spectrometer, Varian Cary 300 spectrophotometer, Hitachi F-2500 spectrophotometer, Horiba FL3-22 spectrofluorometer, and Shanghai Shenguang WRS-3 melting point apparatus. Materials included various bromides, boronic acids, Pd(PPh3)4 catalyst, Cs2CO3, malononitrile, Et3N, and solvents like DME, H2O, DCM.

4：Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:

Synthesis involved Pd-catalyzed Suzuki-Miyaura coupling followed by Knoevenagel condensation. Photophysical properties were measured in different solvents and aggregate states. Sensing experiments involved adding hydrazine and other analytes to solutions and using paper test strips for vapor detection.

5：Data Analysis Methods:

Data were analyzed using Gaussian 03 for DFT calculations, and statistical methods for detection limits (3σ/k).