研究目的
To determine the limits of the optic nerve head (ONH) in color fundus images using Deep learning (DL) for the estimation of its hemoglobin topographic distribution and to evaluate its usefulness in glaucoma diagnosis singly or in association with perimetry.
研究成果
The fully automatic delimitation of the optic nerve head using deep learning is reproducible and efficient, enabling accurate application of the Laguna ONhE method for hemoglobin estimation. Combining this with perimetric indices enhances diagnostic effectiveness for glaucoma, suggesting potential for improved screening and management.
研究不足
The study includes cases at risk without clear confirmation of glaucoma, which may affect sensitivity and specificity. Variability in optic nerve head size and shape, presence of atrophy or pigmentation, and the subjective nature of manual segmentation could introduce errors. The method relies on specific equipment and software, limiting generalizability.
1:Experimental Design and Method Selection:
A deep learning method using U-Net architecture for semantic segmentation was employed to automatically identify the optic nerve head in fundus images. The Laguna ONhE program was used to estimate hemoglobin content from color photographs.
2:Sample Selection and Data Sources:
40,000 fundus images, including the RIM-ONE database, were used for training. A prospective sample of 89 normal eyes and 77 glaucomatous or suspect eyes was selected for comparison.
3:List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:
Horus Scope DEC-200 handheld camera for fundus photography, Octopus 300 perimeter for perimetry, Cirrus-OCT and Spectralis-OCT for optical coherence tomography, and various software tools including Python with Keras, TensorFlow, OpenCV, Numpy, Pandas, Scikit-learn, Matlab, Excel, and MedCalc.
4:Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:
Images were pre-processed (resized, augmented), segmented manually and automatically, and analyzed for hemoglobin distribution. Perimetry and OCT examinations were conducted within one month.
5:Data Analysis Methods:
Statistical analyses included Sorensen-Dice and Jaccard indices for segmentation accuracy, ROC analysis, intra-class correlation coefficients, Pearson correlations, and kappa indices for diagnostic concordance.
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Cirrus-OCT
Cube 200 x 200 acquisition protocol, software version 5.2
Carl Zeiss Meditec
Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography for retinal imaging.
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Octopus 300
300
Hagg-Streit AG
Perimetry assessment for visual field testing.
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Horus Scope DEC-200
DEC-200
MiiS
Handheld camera for fundus photography.
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Spectralis-OCT
Glaucoma Module Premium Edition (GMPE)
Heidelberg Engineering
Optical coherence tomography for glaucoma diagnosis.
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Python
Python Software Foundation
Programming language for implementing neural networks.
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Keras
Library for deep learning with TensorFlow background.
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TensorFlow
Library for machine learning.
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OpenCV
Library for image pre-processing and post-processing.
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Numpy
Library for calculations.
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Pandas
Library for data manipulation.
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Scikit-learn
Library for splitting training and validation sets.
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Matlab
The MathWorks Inc.
Image analysis program for evaluating image components.
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Excel
2016
Microsoft Corp.
Program for statistical analyses and data normalization.
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MedCalc
version 18.9-64-bit
MedCalc software bvba
Software for statistical analyses.
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