研究目的
To reduce Radar Cross Section (RCS) and enhance the gain of a circularly polarized patch antenna using a novel partially reflecting and absorbing metasurface (PRAM).
研究成果
The proposed antenna using PRAM and MGP achieves significant RCS reduction from 7 to 18 GHz with a maximum reduction of 15.6 dB, and gain enhancement of 5.7 dB at 6.6 GHz. The impedance and axial ratio bandwidths are improved. The design is compact and suitable for stealth applications in wireless communication, demonstrating effective integration of absorption and reflection properties for enhanced performance.
研究不足
The measured gain is about 0.5 dB less than simulated due to fabrication and measurement tolerances. The use of nylon spacers may affect antenna performance. RCS reduction is primarily effective in the boresight direction and may not be uniform across all angles.
1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:
The study employs a novel partially reflecting and absorbing metasurface (PRAM) unit cell designed with two stacked FR-4 substrates and metallic patterns to function as an absorbing surface (AS) and partial reflecting surface (PRS). A metamaterial ground plane (MGP) is also designed to further reduce RCS. The Fabry-Perot (F-P) resonance cavity is constructed using PRS and MGP for gain enhancement. Simulations are conducted using CST Microwave Studio with periodic boundary conditions and Floquet ports to analyze S-parameters, electric field distributions, and power loss.
2：Sample Selection and Data Sources:
The antenna design includes a truncated-patch radiating element and PRAM/MGP structures. Dimensions are optimized as per Table 1 in the paper.
3：List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:
FR-4 dielectric substrates (εr =
4：4), copper for metallic patterns, lumped resistances (150 ohm), nylon spacers for support, vector network analyzer for reflection coefficient measurements, anechoic chamber for radiation and scattering measurements, wideband horn antennas (1 to 18 GHz) for RCS measurements, and rotating equipment for angular RCS analysis. Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:
The PRAM unit cell is simulated to determine absorption and reflection properties. The MGP is designed and simulated for its absorbing characteristics. The antenna is fabricated with PRAM placed above the patch using spacers. Reflection coefficients are measured with a vector network analyzer. Radiation patterns and axial ratio are measured in an anechoic chamber. Monostatic RCS is measured using horn antennas and a network analyzer for normal incidence and angular variations.
5：Data Analysis Methods:
S-parameters (S11, S21, S22, S12) are analyzed to assess absorption, reflection, and transmission. Absorption is calculated as 1 - Reflection - Transmission. Electric field distributions are examined to understand energy dissipation. Gain, axial ratio, and RCS are compared between the proposed antenna and a reference patch antenna. Statistical analysis includes bandwidth calculations and performance comparisons.
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CST Microwave Studio
CST
Used for simulations to investigate S-parameters, electric field distributions, and other electromagnetic properties of the PRAM unit cell and antenna design.
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vector network analyzer
Used to measure the reflection coefficients of the antenna.
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anechoic chamber
Used for measuring radiation and scattering characteristics of the antenna.
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wideband horn antenna
Employed as transmitter and receiver for RCS measurements, covering frequency range of 1 to 18 GHz.
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rotating equipment
Used to mount the test antenna for angular RCS measurements.
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FR-4 dielectric substrate
Used as the material for the PRAM unit cell substrates.
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lumped resistance
Connected in the arms of the circular split ring in the PRAM unit cell to absorb electromagnetic energy.
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nylon spacer
Used to support the PRAM above the patch antenna during fabrication and measurement.
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