1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:

The study involved designing plasmene metasurface absorbers using a drying-mediated self-assembly method for plasmene sheets, combined with physical vapor deposition for mirror and spacer layers. Theoretical models included finite element simulations for optical properties.

2：Sample Selection and Data Sources:

Samples were fabricated using glass substrates with deposited metal mirrors (Al or Au) and TiO2 spacer layers, followed by plasmene assembly. Optical measurements were performed on these samples.

3：List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:

Equipment included electron beam evaporation system (Intlvac Nanochrome II), SEM (FEI NovaNanoSEM 430, FEI Helios Nanolab 600), optical microscope (Nikon LV100), spectrograph (Andor SR-303i-A), CCD (iDUS DU420A-BEX2-DD), Raman system (Renishaw RM 2000), potentiostat (AutoLab PGSTAT204), ellipsometer (J.A. Woolam Co. M-2000DI). Materials included Au nanocubes, Au nanobipyramids, TiO2, Al, Au, chloroform, water, and chemicals for synthesis.

4：Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:

Steps included synthesis of Au nanoparticles, deposition of mirror and spacer layers via evaporation, plasmene assembly at air-water interface, optical characterization (transmission, reflection, scattering measurements), SERS measurements with 4-ATP, and photoelectrochemical measurements for hot carrier detection.

5：Data Analysis Methods:

Data were analyzed using finite element simulations in COMSOL Multiphysics, and optical spectra were processed to calculate absorption (A = 1 - R - T).