- 标题
- 摘要
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- 实验方案
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Mapping of mangrove coverage and canopy height using LiDAR data at Sangkulirang District, East Kutai, East Borneo
摘要： Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) is remote sensing technology using transmitted properties of scattered light to detect the intended target. This technology potentially used for spatial planning and management, including mangrove monitoring. The purpose of this research was to map the mangrove coverage and canopy height using airborne LiDAR data at mangrove areas of Sangkulirang district, East Kutai, East Borneo. The corrected point cloud LiDAR data inputed into 10 blocks boundary. This data is classified into 7 classes (ground, mangroves, non mangroves, water, vehicle, low point and isolated point). Ground class used as the data source for digital terrain model (DTM) while mangrove class used as the data source for digital surface model (DSM). The substraction from overlaying DTM - DSM will produce canopy height model (CHM) that represent the height of mangroves canopy from land. The result of this research showed that mangrove distribution had an area of 64.07 km2. The height of mangrove canopy was dominated by 10-30 meters height while the maximum height reached 54.04 meters.
关键词： canopy height,mangrove,digital terrain model,digital surface model,LiDAR
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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[Institution of Engineering and Technology 12th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP 2018) - London, UK (9-13 April 2018)] 12th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP 2018) - Simplified Molecular Absorption Loss Model for 275-400 Gigahertz Frequency Band
摘要： This paper focuses on giving a simpli?ed molecular absorption loss model for a 275 – 400 GHz frequency band, which has signi?cant potential for variety of future short and medium range communications. The band offers large theoretical data rates with reasonable path loss to theoretically allow even up to kilometer long link distances when suf?ciently high gain antennas are used. The molecular absorption loss in the band requires a large number of parameters from spectroscopic databases, and, thus, the exact modeling of its propagation characteristics is demanding. In this paper, we provide a simple, yet accurate absorption model, which can be utilized to predict the absorption loss at the above frequency band. The model is valid at a regular atmospheric pressure, it depends on the distance, the relative humidity, and the frequency. The existing simpli?ed model by ITU does not cover frequencies above 350 GHz and has more complexity than our proposed model. The molecular absorption loss increases exponentially with the distance, decreasing the utilizable bandwidth in the vicinity of the absorption lines. We provide a model to approximate the window widths at the above frequency band. This model depends on the distance, the relative humidity, the frequency, and the maximum tolerable loss. It is shown to be very accurate below one kilometer link distances.
关键词： transmission window model,molecular absorption loss,275–400 GHz frequency band,simplified model
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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Global model of an atmospheric-pressure capacitive discharge in helium with air impurities from 100 to 10000 ppm
摘要： Helium is a common working gas for cold atmospheric plasmas (CAPs) and this is often mixed with other gases, such as oxygen and nitrogen, to increase its reactivity. Air is often found in these plasmas and it can be either introduced deliberately as a precursor or entrapped in systems that operate in open atmosphere. In either case, the presence of small traces of air can cause a profound change on the composition of the plasma and consequently its application efficacy. In this paper, a global model for He+Air CAPs is developed, in which 59 species and 866 volume reactions are incorporated, and a new boundary condition is used for the mass transport at the interface between the plasma and its surrounding air gas. The densities of reactive species and the power dissipation characteristics are obtained as a function of air concentrations spanning from 100 to 10000 ppm. As the air concentration increases, the dominant cation changes from O2+ to NO+ and then to NO2+, the dominant anion changes from O2- to NO2- and then to NO3-, the dominant ground state reactive oxygen species changes from O to O3, and the dominant ground state reactive nitrogen species changes from NO to HNO2. O2(a) is the most abundant metastable species and its density is orders of magnitude larger than other metastable species for all air concentrations considered in the study. Ion Joule heating is found important due to the electronegative nature of the plasma, which leads to the fast decrease of electron density when the air concentration is larger than 1000 ppm. The generation and loss pathways of important biologically relevant reactive species such as O, O2-, O3, OH, H2O2, NO, HNO2, HNO3 are discussed and differences with the pathways observed in He+O2, He+H2O, Ar+Air and pure air plasmas are highlighted. Based on the simulation results, a simplified chemistry set with 47 species and 109 volume reactions is proposed. This simplified model greatly reduces the computational load while maintaining the accuracy of the simulation results within a factor of 2. The simplified chemistry model is computationally much less intensive, facilitating its integration into multidimensional fluid models for the study of the spatio-temporal evolution of He+Air CAPs.
关键词： helium,simplified chemistry model,reactive species,global model,cold atmospheric plasmas,power dissipation,air impurities
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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[IEEE 2018 International Conference on Indoor Positioning and Indoor Navigation (IPIN) - Nantes (2018.9.24-2018.9.27)] 2018 International Conference on Indoor Positioning and Indoor Navigation (IPIN) - An Analytical Study of Time of Flight Error Estimation in Two-Way Ranging Methods
摘要： In absence of clock synchronization, Two-Way Ranging (TWR) is the most commonly used technique for measuring the distance between two wireless transceivers. The existing time-of-flight (TOF) error estimation model, the IEEE 802.15.4-2011 standard, is specifically based on clock drift error. However, it is insufficient when an in-depth comparative analysis of different TWR methods is required. In this paper, we propose an extended TOF error estimation model for TWR methods, based on the IEEE 802.15.4 standard. Using the proposed model, we perform an analytical study of TOF error estimation among different TWR methods. The model is validated with numerical simulation results. Moreover, we demonstrate the pitfalls of the symmetric double-sided TWR (SDS-TWR) method, which is commonly used to reduce the TOF error due to clock drifts.
关键词： two way ranging (TWR),time of flight (TOF),time of arrival (TOA),TOF error model,analytical model,indoor positioning,time based ranging techniques
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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[IEEE 2018 IEEE PES Asia-Pacific Power and Energy Engineering Conference (APPEEC) - Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia (2018.10.7-2018.10.10)] 2018 IEEE PES Asia-Pacific Power and Energy Engineering Conference (APPEEC) - Comparison of Typical PV Module Performances Based on the Circuit Models
摘要： In PV systems, it is usually expected that power generation under varying conditions at any time should be maximum as much as possible. Therefore, it is essential to build a circuit model based on a widely used single or double diode model instantly varying conditions with minimum error under the estimation these approximate values through manufacturers' data sheet. It is fact that circuits models ease the performance analysis of PV systems if the unknown parameters are accurately estimated at various temperatures and unchanged irradiance levels or vice versa. This paper comparatively studies the performances of the two approximate circuit models for the four types of PV modules using the real-coded genetic algorithms. The results indicated that I-V characteristics obtained from the identified parameters exhibit almost similar trend with those given in manufacturers' data sheets under the same conditions. Besides, the estimated parameters obtained from using both models slightly show difference from each other and it can be said that the single diode model is solely satisfactory to model a typical PV model as long as they are accurately estimated.
关键词： single diode circuit model,PV-Battery system,double diode circuit model,genetic algorithm optimization
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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High-Dimensional Mixture Models for Unsupervised Image Denoising (HDMI)
摘要： This work addresses the problem of patch-based image denoising through the unsupervised learning of a probabilistic high-dimensional mixture model on the noisy patches. The model, called HDMI, proposes a full modeling of the process that is supposed to have generated the noisy patches. To overcome the potential estimation problems due to the high dimension of the patches, the HDMI model adopts a parsimonious modeling which assumes that the data live in group-specific subspaces of low dimensionalities. This parsimonious modeling allows us in turn to get a numerically stable computation of the conditional expectation of the image which is applied for denoising. The use of such a model also permits us to rely on model selection tools, such as BIC, to automatically determine the intrinsic dimensions of the subspaces and the variance of the noise. This yields a denoising algorithm that can be used both when the noise level is known and is unknown.
关键词： image denoising,parsimonious mixture model,model selection,high-dimensional clustering,intrinsic dimension estimation,patch-based representation
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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Sensing Multi Business Model Innovationvia Advanced Sensor Technology
摘要： The ability to innovate Business Models (BM) and do Multi Business Model Innovation (MBMI) has become more complicated today, but also a very hot topic in many businesses and even for governments. As BM’s lifetime are becoming shorter and shorter, BM’s are also changing typologies and a larger part of these becomes disruptive. Danish Government already in 2017 formed a disruption council – as a reflection on this evolvement – its primary task was to discuss, analyze and come up with proposals for how businesses and society should prepare for future MBMI, disruptive BM’s and Business Model Ecosystems (BMES) [1–4, 6, 7, 16]. Sensing BM’s seems to hold some solutions to meet this development. The academic classification of Sensing BM’s and Sensing MBMI have until now been very fragmented defined. The Sensing BM and Sensing MBMI have not been clearly defined, also compared to other types of BM’s and Business Model Innovation (BMI). Several businesses believe they innovate Sensing BM’s (SBM), Operate Industrial 4.0 with advanced sensors – but are challenged when asked to classify SBM and SBMI. The paper addresses – when can a BM be classified as a SBM. In relation to this topic – When can a business be classified as doing SBMI. The aim of the paper is: (1) to add to the development of conceptual framework models and typologies [10–12] for classifying SBM’s and disruptive, radical and incremental SBM’s and SBMIs. (2) to add to the development of MBMI framework and language using advanced sensor and wireless technologies. The preliminary research was supported by a BM and BMI framework [29], combined with advanced sensing technology, enabling researchers to observe and do experiments with SBM’s and SBMI.
关键词： Sensing Business Models,Sensor Technology,Digitalization of Business Models and Business Model Innovation,Sensing Business Model Innovation
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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[IEEE 2018 48th European Microwave Conference (EuMC) - Madrid, Spain (2018.9.23-2018.9.27)] 2018 48th European Microwave Conference (EuMC) - Characterization and Modeling of Epitaxially Grown BST on a Conducting Oxide Electrode
摘要： This work presents a characterization technique and an EM-model for a thin film BST50 varactor grown on the oxide electrode material SMO, describing the benefits and limits of this characterization technique. Effective capacitance, Q factor, ESR and leakage current are evaluated and analyzed to understand the dominating mechanisms for the overall characteristic. The Q factor for this 13.3 pF varactor is 20.5 at 1 GHz. The extracted permittivity is 365, indicating a good BST crystal quality despite only 80 nm film thickness. The tunability at battery voltage level 3.7 V bias voltage (46 V/μm) is 67.8 %. The EM model shows very high Q factors up to 6 GHz, revealing outstandingly high potential for this oxide varactor with Q factors of up to 70 at 1 GHz, while still maintaining its large tunability. Hence, the ability to epitaxially grow BST on structurally similar SMO allows for very thin BST thicknesses with very low defect density, and thus, very high tunability at very low voltage below 3.7 volts.
关键词： Q factor,EM-model,varactor,BST,tunability,characterization,permittivity,SMO
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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Adaptive filtering of physiological noises in fNIRS data
摘要： The study presents a recursive least?squares estimation method with an exponential forgetting factor for noise removal in functional near?infrared spectroscopy data and extraction of hemodynamic responses (HRs) from the measured data. The HR is modeled as a linear regression form in which the expected HR, the first and second derivatives of the expected HR, a short?separation measurement data, three physiological noises, and the baseline drift are included as components in the regression vector. The proposed method is applied to left?motor?cortex experiments on the right thumb and little finger movements in five healthy male participants. The algorithm is evaluated with respect to its performance improvement in terms of contrast?to?noise ratio in comparison with Kalman filter, low?pass filtering, and independent component method. The experimental results show that the proposed model achieves reductions of 77% and 99% in terms of the number of channels exhibiting higher contrast?to?noise ratios in oxy?hemoglobin and deoxy?hemoglobin, respectively. The approach is robust in obtaining consistent HR data. The proposed method is applied for both offline and online noise removal.
关键词： State space model,Hemodynamic response (HR),Exponential forgetting,Recursive least squares estimation (RLSE),Real time estimation,Functional near?infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS)
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF RECTANGULAR UNIAXIAL AND BIAXIAL ANISOTROPIC DIELECTRIC RESONATOR ANTENNAS
摘要： An anisotropic dielectric resonator antenna (ADRA) with uniaxial and biaxial permittivity tensors is characterized by using the dielectric waveguide model. An approximate formula for the Q factor of ADRA is derived. Then, it is shown that by certain conditions a wideband ADRA can be designed. Samples of simulation results are shown to demonstrate the capabilities of the proposed anisotropic technique for enhancing the bandwidth of ADRA. The proposed antenna is simulated by two full wave packages, Ansoft HFSS and CST Microwave Studio, and a good agreement is observed among the results.
关键词： anisotropic dielectric resonator antenna,simulation,dielectric waveguide model,permittivity tensors,CST Microwave Studio,wideband,biaxial,Ansoft HFSS,Q factor,uniaxial
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14