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Risk priority number for understanding the severity of photovoltaic failure modes and their impacts on performance degradation
摘要： The alleged reliability has led the longest warranty period for Photovoltaic (PV) modules up to 20-25 years; it becomes possible after understanding the failure mode and degradation analysis of PV module. Failure mode decreases the performance of the PV module throughout the long-term outdoor exposure. The main objective of the present study is to identify the failure mechanism and failure mode of solar PV modules and their impact on degradation in operating conditions. Assessment of previous studies on rate indicates the highest performance losses at initial stage of outdoor exposure and a degradation drop-off of 0.014% per year. In this context, risk priority number (RPN) analysis is carried out to identify the severity of the failure mode, which affect the system performance for c-Si technologies. However, hot spot and de-lamination are degradation modes related to safety issue with lower value of RPN <50.
关键词： Degradation,Crystalline silicon,PV module defects,Reliability,Risk priority number,PV failure mode
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Newly developed thermoplastic polyolefin encapsulant–A potential candidate for crystalline silicon photovoltaic modules encapsulation
摘要： Thermoplastic polyolefin (TPO) is a newly developed non-crosslinking material for photovoltaic (PV) module lamination as an alternative to ethylene–vinyl-acetate (EVA) encapsulant. This article assesses its applicability as an encapsulant material. We report the results of various characterization tests for discoloration, optical, and thermal properties degradation before and after the UV accelerated test. To evaluate its weathering stability, the UV-365 acceleration test has been conducted on the glass to glass TPO laminate, with EVA as a benchmark. In 50 days of weatherability tests, the transmittance of EVA significantly reduced while TPO remained almost unchanged. The discoloration of TPO is around nine times slower than that of EVA. The analytical tools like Raman spectroscopy, fluorescent imaging, and spectra have been used to assess the degradation behavior, which indicates a clear difference between EVA and TPO based encapsulant. Thermal properties (glass and melt transitions) of TPO and EVA have been studied through heat-cool-heat cycle testing by differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). This test confirmed that TPO thermal properties remain almost unchanged, whereas EVA shows significant changes after 50 days of UV exposure. In the thermogravimetry analysis (TGA) results, we found that TPO is stable till a significantly higher temperature than EVA. Additionally, the 180° peel adhesion test suggests that TPO has a higher adhesion strength than EVA. This work will help in understanding the applicability of newly developed non-crosslinking TPO as a potential replacement for EVA for the PV modules.
关键词： Thermoplastic polyolefin,Photovoltaic module,Encapsulant,Non-crosslinking,Ethylene-vinyl-acetate
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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[IEEE 2019 18th International Conference on Optical Communications and Networks (ICOCN) - Huangshan, China (2019.8.5-2019.8.8)] 2019 18th International Conference on Optical Communications and Networks (ICOCN) - Design of a current modulation driver for an ultra-compact RGB laser
摘要： RGB lasers have been widely used as light sources in projectors, endoscopes, HUD(Head up Displays) and many other displays. In this study, we designed a current driver circuit for an ultra-compact RGB laser, which allows for high speed driving current modulations. This characteristic is suitable for scanning display in many occasions. The laser current driver circuit is consisted of the current driver and the temperature controller. The current driver has three independently high-speed current modulation channels. We have tested the P-I performance of the RGB laser and the highest current modulation speed is 1.55MHz.
关键词： RGB laser module,Current modulation,current driver circuit
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Emerging Solar Energy Materials || Some Essential Issues and Outlook for Industrialization of Cu-III-VI2 Thin-Film Solar Cells
摘要： The concept and method of in-line sputtering and selenization become the industrial standard for Cu-III-VI2 solar cell fabrication, but it is a difficult work to control and predict the electrical and optical performances, which are closely related to the chemical composition of the film. This chapter addresses the material design, device design, and process design using chemical compositions relating parameters. Compositional variation leads to change in the poisson equation, current equation and continuity equation governing the device design. To make the device design much realistic and meaningful, we have to build a model that relates the opto-electrical performance to the chemical composition of the film. The material and device structural parameters are input into the process simulation to give a complete process control parameters and method. We calculated neutral defect concentrations of non-stoichiometric CuMSe2 (M-In, Ga) under the specific atomic chemical potential conditions. The electrical and optical performance has also been investigated for the development of full function analytical solar cell simulator. Module instability and their origins are listed. After that progress of CZTS (Cu2ZnS4) is briefed on the future work of CIGS (CuInGaSe2). The future prospects regarding the development of CIGS thin-film solar cells (TFSCs) have also been discussed.
关键词： non-stoichiometric,Cu-III-VI2,material process and device design,module stability,progress of CZTS
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Study to improve the efficiency of c-Si material in photovoltaic power plant
摘要： In the present communication, comparison between performance of photovoltaic module with and without duct has been carried out. Different input parameters (namely, ambient air temperature, solar radiation wind speed etc.) have been considered for IIT, Delhi campus. Further, thermal modelling has been derived for the c-Si photovoltaic (PV) module alone and PV module with duct. Different parameters like outlet air temperature from duct and cell temperature have been calculated through MATLAB coding. Due to integration of duct, 3.89% and 125.74% increase in electrical output and equivalent thermal energy have been found in comparison to stand-alone PV module.
关键词： Power plant,Thermal modelling,Photovoltaic module,Equivalent thermal efficiency,Equivalent thermal energy
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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AIP Conference Proceedings [AIP Publishing RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES AND TECHNOLOGIES - Tamil Nadu, India (14–15 March 2019)] RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES AND TECHNOLOGIES - Design and simulation of developed embedded Z-source inverter for photovoltaic interface
摘要： This paper presents the implementation of Embedded Switched Z Source Inverter (ES-ZSI) using photovoltaic interface. Lesser passive elements are required in ES-ZSI with reference to the conventional Z-source inverter. Buck boost operation can be simulated in ES-ZSI, and it is interfaced with PV module. The shorting of the inverter leg is resolved adding to the high output voltage gain of the inverter. Various modes of operation are evaluated and their results are simulated using MatLab. Eventually, simulation study of the complete system is presented for both buck and boost state in ES-ZSI and their results are validated experimentally.
关键词： MatLab,PV module,Embedded switched Z-source inverter
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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[IEEE 2019 IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Techniques in Control, Optimization and Signal Processing (INCOS) - Tamilnadu, India (2019.4.11-2019.4.13)] 2019 IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Techniques in Control, Optimization and Signal Processing (INCOS) - Hardware and Software Co-emulation Technique based Solar Photovoltaic Sources Emulator
摘要： Photo-Voltaic (PV) Emulator plays a key role in performance evaluation of the PV based energy conversion systems, which is challenging and time-consuming task under varying environmental conditions. This paper presents a hardware and software co-emulation technique based Solar Photo-Voltaic Module Emulator (SPVME) to emulate solar PV Sources. The mathematical model of solar PV module developed in Multisim works as a reference to emulate the solar PV module characteristics. A Programmable DC power supply is employed to replicate the emulated PV module characteristics behavior. LabVIEW software is used to integrate the solar PV module developed in Multisim with the programmable DC power supply. The proposed SPVME system can be used for performance analysis of PV sources like PV module, string and array. The prototype of the proposed SPVME is analyzed with 60 W PV module under varying irradiation and the output result exhibits the accuracy of the developed SPVME prototype.
关键词： Hardware and Software Co-emulation,Performance Evaluation,Single Diode Solar PV cell model,Solar Photovoltaic Module Emulator (SPVME)
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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All-Waste Hybrid Composites with Waste Silicon Photovoltaic Module
摘要： Nowadays, global warming, energy issues and environmental concern have forced energy production stakeholders to find new low carbon solutions. Photovoltaic technologies as renewable energy resources represent a competitive way for the transition from conventional fossil fuels towards a renewable energy economy. The highest renewable energy systems (RES) market share is based on silicon photovoltaic (Si-PV). The installed RES have rapidly increased over the last two decades, but, after the end of their service life, they will be disposed of. Therefore, the constant increase of the installed RES has attracted the global concern due to their impact on the environment and, most of all, due to the content of their valuable resources. However, the rational management of RES waste has not been addressed so far. The paper represents an extension of a previous work focused on Si-PV recycling by developing all waste hybrid composites. The extension research conducted in this paper is related to the influence of Si-PV characteristics on the mechanical performances and water stability of the hybrid composites. All waste hybrid composites developed by embedding different Si-PV grain sizes were tested before and after water immersion in terms of mechanical strength, interfacial adhesion, crystallinity and morphology by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses. The results revealed the better performance of such Si-PV composites compared to that of sieved composites even after long term water immersion. Therefore, high-content Si-PV hybrid composites could be developed without Si-PV powder sieving. Further on, all waste hybrid composites could be used as paving slabs, protective barriers for outdoor applications.
关键词： silicon photovoltaic module,water stability,all waste hybrid composite materials,interfacial adhesion,recycling,mechanical properties
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Control of TiO2 electron transport layer properties to enhance perovskite photovoltaics performance and stability
摘要： This study demonstrates the effect of electron collection and transportation for TiO2 electron transport layer (ETL) of the mesoscopic perovskite solar cells (PSCs). The influence of compact TiO2 layer (c-TiO2) with various spray cycles, the particle size effect of mesoporous TiO2 (meso-TiO2) film and post-treatment of TiO2 electrode for perovskite solar cells have been studied systematically. We further optimize the meso-TiO2 thickness to enhance the electron collection and transport efficiency and to reduce the anomalous J-V hysteresis phenomenon of PSCs. After adjusting the fabrication process of TiO2 ETL, the highest performance of small cell PSC shows the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 19.39% in the reverse scan and 19.12% in the forward scan, respectively. A sub-module PSC within an active area of 11.7 cm2 exhibits impressive PCE of 16.03% under the illumination of 100 mW/cm2 (AM1.5G). Moreover, it also shows an outstanding PCE of 25.49% under the illumination of 6000 lx of T5 indoor light source.
关键词： perovskite solar cell,hysteresis behavior,sub-module,TiO2,photovoltaic,electron transport layer
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Regular and Irregular Performance Variation of Module String and Occurred Conditions for Potential Induced Degradation-Affected Crystalline Silicon Photovoltaic Power Plants
摘要： Potential induced degradation (PID) leads to power degradation, and reduces durability and reliability of solar modules. However, this problem has not been thoroughly solved so far. The results from interlaboratory and field study show contradictory fault phenomenon for PID. In this paper, PID of crystalline silicon photovoltaic power plants distributed in various climate conditions was investigated. These photovoltaic power plants consist of two types of crystalline silicon solar modules, which cover almost all kinds of front glass, ethyl vinyl acetate (EVA) and backsheet available commercially. It was found that only a few of power plants were affected by PID. By measuring current voltage characteristics of PID-affected solar modules, the real faults phenomenon was uncovered and classified into regular and irregular power degradation in a module string. The results obtained in this work show that the negative potential caused by high system voltage and stacking faults are necessary and sufficient conditions for PID occurrence for the first time. The anomalous power degradation is related to the stacking fault, which appears randomly during the crystal growth.
关键词： solar module,power degradation,potential induced degradation,crystalline silicon
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52