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[IEEE 2019 IEEE/ASME International Conference on Advanced Intelligent Mechatronics (AIM) - Hong Kong, China (2019.7.8-2019.7.12)] 2019 IEEE/ASME International Conference on Advanced Intelligent Mechatronics (AIM) - Closed loop controlled optical tracking module for free-space optical communications
摘要： In this paper, a closed loop controlled optical tracking module for free-space optical communication is presented. The motion of the optical tracking module is achieved using a pan-tilt mechanical platform driven by two servomotors. The optical tracking module consists of optical elements including beam splitters and quadrant photodiodes to extract the angular parameters of the incident wave. Optical as well as dynamic modeling is performed to confirm the tracking functionality of the system. Furthermore, to validate the concept, experimentation has been carried out by placing a laser emission module in front of a fixed optical tracking module. The laser was moved in free-space with the help of a mechanical structure and the successful tracking of the optical tracking module has been observed.
关键词： pan-tilt mechanical platform,servomotors,quadrant photodiodes,beam splitters,optical tracking module,free-space optical communication
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Analysis of the Single-Crystalline Silicon Photovoltaic (PV) Module Performances Under Low γ - Radiation from Radioactive Source
摘要： The present paper is about an experimental evaluation of the terrestrial silicon single-crystalline solar PV module behavior under low gamma radiation. The simultanous proliferation of radioactive sources in Burkina Faso dominated by gamma type and the photovoltaic (PV) systems installations in both urban and rural areas justify this study. There is also high background radiation compared to normal in some region of the country. It has been shown that the photocurrent and the electric power increase while the photovoltage stays constant for an extremely low gamma radiation doses. This work proves that long time exposition to any low radiation can cause the reduction of the performance of the solar PV module. However for greater values of the dose, the photocurrent, the photovoltage and the electric power decrease. Hence, it is so important to protect PV equipments against gamma radiation by adjusting the PV installation height from the ground where high background radiation is notified or by putting reinforced concrete at their bottom faces. The two ways can be combinated adding the respect to radiation protection principle As Low As Reasonably Achievable (ALARA).
关键词： Low gamma (γ) - radiation,Single-Crystalline silicon,PV solar module,Dose,Dose rate
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Analysis of the degradation of encapsulant materials used in photovoltaic modules exposed to different climates in China
摘要： This work investigates the degradation mechanisms of polymeric encapsulants used in photovoltaic modules. Two groups of photovoltaic modules, which were exposed to two typical climates, namely a hot-humid climate and a hot-dry climate, were investigated. Both types of modules were produced by Siemens Solar in 1992 and exposed to outdoor sunlight and the climate for 18 years. The results show that, depending on the climate conditions, the polymeric encapsulant materials exhibit different degradation mechanisms regarding the optical, chemical and morphological properties. The aging of polymeric encapsulant materials is, on the one hand, related to the working environment (moisture, sunlight intensity, UV content and temperature) and, on the other hand, also the conditions are not uniform across the modules: moisture ingress is more important at the edge of the module, oxygen diffusion is more important between cells than at the center of a cell, the module temperature is not uniform.
关键词： Photovoltaic module,FTIR spectroscopy,Raman spectroscopy,EVA sample,Degradation behavior
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Photovoltaic Module Fault Detection Using Integrated Magnetic Sensors
摘要： Fault detection and diagnosis of photovoltaic (PV) modules have become vital for reliable, efficient, and safe PV operating systems. This article proposes a new inspection method which is based on measuring the magnetic flux density on the surface of crystalline silicon PV modules. To measure the magnetic flux density generated around busbars of PV modules, their surfaces are scanned by two types of small integrated magnetic sensors for the one-dimensional (1-D) and 2-D magnetic profiles. This method enable us to detect different types of faults in PV modules, perform on-site measurements, and real time diagnosis. Since the measurement devices are composed of simple and small sensors, the overall cost of this method is very low as compared to other conventional fault detection methods.
关键词： photovoltaic (PV) module,Fault detection,magnetic flux density,magnetic sensor
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Environmental Factors for Non-uniform Dynamic Mechanical Load Test due to Wind Actions on Photovoltaic Modules
摘要： The issue of typhoons has received considerable critical attention since the associated strong winds generally damaged photovoltaic (PV) modules severely. Previous IEC standards examined the effect of static uniform-loads (IEC 61215-2:2016) or dynamic uniform-loads (IEC TS 62782:2016) on PV module in low wind velocity, but overlooked the moment effect of non-uniform loads due to wind actions in high wind velocity. Therefore, the challenge is how to improve the current mechanical loads system to meet the test requirements due to strong wind such as typhoon’s action on PV module. This work has successfully developed a new test capacity named non-uniform dynamic mechanic loads (NUDML) system, which owns eighteen (3x6) independent pneumatic cylinders with maximum loading up to ±12000 Pa (pressure load “+” or suction load “-”). NUDML system can simulate the different wind actions on PV module by the test data named mean surface pressure pattern (MSPP). All MSPPs can be evaluated directly by wind-tunnel experiment and CFD simulation. Results of this study revealed that such severity wind-test for PV module strongly relied on the choices of major environmental factors such as wind velocity (V), wind direction angle (β) and module tilt (α). In addition, the failures of test modules and its fixtures, after NUDML test, are closely related to the external forces such as MSPP (V, α, β).
关键词： Photovoltaic module,mechanical load,non-uniform,wind load,mean surface pressure pattern
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Study on the optimal deployment for Photovoltaic components recycle in China
摘要： Photovoltaic (PV) production and installation surge in recent years because of technology development and policy orientation. However, due the deadlines of subsidy set by Chinese government, most of the PV projects are carried out in a hurry and quality issues appear. Some equipment turn out to be inferiors. The demand for subsequent treatment for PV components will surge in the early future. However, the insufficiency of recycle facilities and supporting policies, lack of public focus, make it difficult. For a better planning of PV recycle, an optimization model is applied to study on the optimal deployment of PV recycle centers in China during 2040 to 2045 based on cost minimization. Transportation cost for PV modules, capital cost and operational cost for recycle center in different provinces are taken into consideration of objective functions. The result indicates that the peak of PV components recycle will arrive around 2042. At the early stage, recycle centers will be established in Zhejiang, Guangdong, and Shanxi province, considering the intensive installation and convenient transportation. The discarded PV panels will be transported to those provinces. Then, as the recycle demand surging, recycle centers will be scattered in many provinces, such as Jiangsu, Ningxia, Hebei, Inner Mongolia and so on. Most of the PV components will be recycled within the installed provinces.
关键词： recycle modes,Photovoltailc module,recycle center deployment,recycle standards
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Data acquisition system: On the solar photovoltaic module and weather parameters monitoring
摘要： This paper deals with a study on the data acquisition system (DAS) used for monitoring the solar photovoltaic cell/module/array parameters as well as the weather parameters. The need for facilitating DAS for photovoltaic applications is clearly evaluated based on the few practical studies taken from the literature. A system setup combining the instruments and measurement equipment required as per the objective of the study (required for selected parameters as in the user defined objective) is proposed for PV applications as well as for weather monitoring. Various parameters and their implications on the system output is clearly stated. A case study describing the Algerian PV + Weather monitoring station is discussed by highlighting the system design and its functionality in monitoring parameters.Possible research option with the monitored data from the photovoltaics and weather parameters is also listed. The paper is concluded focusing on the need and benefits of DAS and monitoring facilities for PV applications.
关键词： solar energy,PV monitoring.,PV cell/module/array characteristics,Photovoltaics,weather data
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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100 Gbps (4 × 25 Gbps) Optical Receiver Module Packaged in Chip-on-Board Based on Germanium Photodetector
摘要： 100 Gbps (4 × 25 Gbps) optical receiver (Rx) module is demonstrated using Germanium (Ge) photodetector (PD) which is fabricated through Silicon-photonics process using 750 ohm-cm of high-resistivity silicon oxide insulator (SOI) wafer. Trans-impedance amplifier (TIA) and Ge PD are packaged with chip-on-board (COB) manner on a printed circuit board (PCB). High speed PCB for the assembly of both electronic and photonic devices in COB package is precisely designed from the material selection to the device footprint layout and transmission line design. The layout on PCB is optimized using high frequency simulation tool of HFSS to minimize RF loss happening in the transmission line and electrical interconnection points of bond wires. Electrical-optical (EO) S-parameter measurement for the Ge PD shows 22 GHz of transmittance (S21) 3dB bandwidth. Photocurrents of the photodetector induced by the optical input power are analyzed for signal integrity both TIA ON and OFF states. Photocurrent changes by the misalignment of the lensed optical fiber coupled to the edge coupler of the Ge PD shows that 3dB misalignment tolerances are 5.5 μm in the longitudinal and around +/-1 μm in the lateral directions. This COB packaging technique of optical Rx module can be applied for the integration and assembly of the optical module of higher data rate of 100 Gbps and beyond.
关键词： GE PD,silicon photonics,Receiver module,COB packaging
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Mechanical Studies of Solar Photovoltaics (PV) Backsheets Under Salt Damp Heat Environments
摘要： Solar Photovoltaics (PV) technology actually makes the most sense in tropical regions where the sunlight intensity is maximum. The environmental conditions in tropical countries makes the photovoltaics components vulnerable to salt mist and water vapour as well as acid penetration. Under moisture condition, the hydrolysis reaction of water vapour with backsheet materials release acetic acid, causing delamination and further corrosion of the encapsulant and inter-metallic connectors on solar cells by the salt mist leading to electrical shorts, heat accumulation and fire. Understanding the interface strength between backsheet and encapsulant materials and their degradation with typical environments in tropical and near-ocean regions is instrumental to enable robust and reliable solar PV technology for such regions. Quantitative characterization technique based on fracture mechanics was proposed and used to examine the delamination strength in multilayered structures of solar PV module. Single Cantilever Beam bending test method using Delaminator v8.2 Adhesion testing system has been used to quantify the delamination strength in multilayered PV module under extreme tropical environments inside environmental oven chamber. Quantitative interface delamination strength between backsheet and encapsulant over various amount of time exposure under salt damp heat and damp heat conditions are reported. Our preliminary results suggest that salinity weakens the interface adhesion strength between backsheet and encapsulant.
关键词： solar cell,backsheets delamination,fracture,PV module degradation.
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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[Institution of Engineering and Technology 5th IET International Conference on Clean Energy and Technology (CEAT2018) - Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (5-6 Sept. 2018)] 5th IET International Conference on Clean Energy and Technology (CEAT2018) - The Impact of Energy Yield of a Photovoltaic System Under Partial Shading
摘要： Photovoltaic module is very susceptible to partial shading problem. In a photovoltaic power system, large number of photovoltaic modules are connected in series to provide required voltage and power. Due to large number of photovoltaic modules, the chances of every photovoltaic module to receive uniform solar irradiance become lower. Therefore, a photovoltaic system consists of large number of photovoltaic modules is even more susceptible to partial shading problem. This paper presents the investigation of the energy yield of a photovoltaic system under partial shading conditions. The investigation results shows that the energy yield of a photovoltaic system decreases as the shading heaviness increases. However, the effect is not constant. The effect is especially significant when the photovoltaic system is under lightly partial shaded conditions. In worst case, the energy yield of the photovoltaic system can drops up to 17.65 % as the shading heaviness increases by 20 %. Therefore, the partial shading need to be address in order to minimize the losses of the photovoltaic system under partial shading conditions.
关键词： Photovoltaic module,photovoltaic string,solar energy,partial shading
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22