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[IEEE 2019 IEEE 10th International Symposium on Power Electronics for Distributed Generation Systems (PEDG) - Xi'an, China (2019.6.3-2019.6.6)] 2019 IEEE 10th International Symposium on Power Electronics for Distributed Generation Systems (PEDG) - An Extraction Method for the Parasitic Capacitance of the Photovoltaic Module Based on the Oscillation of the Leakage Current
摘要： In photovoltaic (PV) plant, the parasitic capacitance between the PV module and the ground causes leakage current in the non-isolated systems. The case can be deteriorated in the rain environment, because increases dramatically due to the rain water. This paper presents an extraction method for the parasitic capacitance between the PV module and the ground. Unlike the common analytical, numerical way and direct measurement method, the parasitic capacitance is obtained through measurement of the leakage current oscillation. A full-bridge inverter is used to explain the principle as well as for the measurement. Theoretical calculation, MATLAB simulations and experimental measurements finally verify the accuracy of the proposed methods. The experimental results are shown to validate the method works well.
关键词： photovoltaic module,parasitic capacitance,leakage current,oscillation
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Modelling of a Multipurpose Photovoltaic Generator Block Using ATP-EMTP
摘要： One of the major references to deal with electromagnetic transients is the ATP-EMTP program whose associated tools, ATPDraw (a graphical interface) and MODELS (a programmable language), have pushed its use to other electrical system analysis. In this context, this article aims to show the development of a computational block to represent the photovoltaic generator in ATP, with its respective mask and configuration in ATPDraw. Starting from the classical mathematical foundation, a photovoltaic module is developed from data available in manufacturers’ manuals. The ideality equations are then modified to attend different purposes: applying new values of temperature and irradiation, choosing series and/or parallel association of modules, including different values of series and parallel resistances. The final multipurpose photovoltaic generator is validated by comparison of its results with those found in the related technical literature.
关键词： Photovoltaic module,MODELS,Modelling,ATPDraw,ATP-EMTP
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Coupled electrical-thermal modelling of photovoltaic modules under dynamic conditions
摘要： This paper presents a coupled electrical-thermal model for solar photovoltaic (PV) modules, under an unsteady state and various conditions, including ambient temperature, solar radiation and wind velocity. Validation shows that the electrical and thermal models present high agreement with the experimental data. The developed model after validation is then applied to investigate the distribution of thermal resistance, the in?uence of environmental conditions and cooling methods. Results show that the radiative and convective thermal resistances play a signi?cant role in PV electrical-thermal performance, while conductive thermal resistance can be neglected for simpli?cation in some cases. The results also demonstrate the effects of weather conditions including solar radiation, ambient temperature and wind velocity on PV performance vary and they need to be selected carefully during parameters design. Moreover, a dynamic estimation of different seasons and a long-term evaluation of an entire year for a speci?c PV array have been done to assess the performance of the coupled model. The simulated results are in good agreement with the experimental data in spite of the weather conditions, in which the relative errors of daily energy in four different seasons are just 1.06%e6.17%, while the average monthly energy based on the proposed model (1185.4 kWh) only deviates 4.66% from that extracted by PVsyst software (1132.6 kWh), which both verify the accuracy of the proposed model again.
关键词： Experimental validation,Performance evaluation,Photovoltaic (PV) module,Coupled electrical-thermal model
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Performance of Turbulence Models in Simulating Wind Loads on Photovoltaics Modules
摘要： The performance of ?ve conventional turbulence models, commonly used in the wind industry, are examined in predicting the complex wake of an in?nite span thin normal ?at plate with large pressure gradients at Reynolds number of 1200. This body represents a large array of Photovoltaics modules, where two edges of the plate dominate the ?ow. This study provided a benchmark for capabilities of conventional turbulence models that are commonly used for wind forecasting in the wind energy industry. The results obtained from Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) k ? ε, Reynolds Normalization Group (RNG) k ? ε, RANS k ? ω Shear Stress Transport (SST) and Reynolds Stress Model (RSM) were compared with existing Direct Numerical Simulations (DNS). The mean ?ow features and unsteady wake characteristics were used as testing criteria amongst these models. All turbulence models over-predicted the mean recirculation length and under-predicted the mean drag coef?cient. The major differences between numerical results in predicting the mean recirculation length, mean drag and velocity gradients, leading to de?cits in turbulence kinetic energy production and diffusion, hint at major dif?culties in modeling velocity gradients and thus turbulence energy transport terms, by traditional turbulence models. Unsteadiness of ?ow physics and nature of eddy viscosity approximations are potential reasons. This hints at the de?ciencies of these models to predict complex ?ows with large pressure gradients, which are commonly observed in wind and solar farms. The under-prediction of wind loads on PV modules and over-estimation of the recirculation length behind them signi?cantly affects the ef?ciency and operational feasibility of solar energy systems.
关键词： RANS,CFD,PV module,wake dynamics,turbulence,wind loads,wind forecasting
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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[IEEE 2019 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference - Latin America (ISGT Latin America) - Gramado, Brazil (2019.9.15-2019.9.18)] 2019 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference - Latin America (ISGT Latin America) - An Adaptive Perturb and Observe Method with Clustering for Photovoltaic Module with Smart Bypass Diode under Partial Shading
摘要： The photovoltaic maximum power point tracking using perturb and observe method has a fixed step size, where a small step size has a slower time response and more accurate steady-state, while a large step size is the opposite. This work proposes an adaptive step size, proportional to the difference between actual and previous power sample, providing a fast time response and reducing the oscillations at steady-state. The oscillations are smaller with adaptive step size, but they are not annulled and the method presents loss by power oscillations. The clustering is used to eliminate this loss, setting the result of the simple average of the last five voltage samples. The enhanced method has been tested on a 72-cell photovoltaic module with a smart bypass diode per cell under partial shading. Modeling and simulation have been implemented using MATLAB/Simulink. The proposal obtained a faster time response and elimination of oscillations at steady-state.
关键词： Smart Bypass Diode,Adaptive Perturb and Observe with Clustering,Maximum Power Point Tracking,Photovoltaic Solar Module,Partial Shading
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Influence of Temperature on the Output Parameters of a Photovoltaic Module Based on Amorphous Hydrogenated Silicon
摘要： The light load current-voltage characteristics of a solar photovoltaic module based on amorphous hydrogenated silicon have been studied at different temperatures under conditions of natural solar illumination (Рrad = 870 ± 10 W/m2). It has been found that the temperature dependence of the photocurrent has two slopes due to a change in the generation–recombination mechanism. The increase in the value of the short-circuit current with increasing temperature of the photovoltaic module is explained by a rise in the drift lengths of minority charge carriers due to an increase in the lifetime of minority carriers. In this case, the quasi Fermi level shifts to the conduction band, and the concentration of recombination centers decreases due to recharging of defective levels (D0 → D–). The decrease in the value of the open-circuit voltage with increasing temperature is explained by the exponential increase in the reverse saturation current and decrease in the band gap of the semiconductor. It has been found that the fill factor (FF) of the current–voltage characteristics decreases with increasing temperature, most likely due to a decrease in the shunt resistance (Rsh), which connects parallel to the p–n junction, consists of parasitic resistances, and leads to an increase in leakage currents. The temperature coefficient of the maximum output power has a positive value in the range of 320–332 K, i.e., increases with temperature. It has been revealed that the values of shunt and series resistance decrease with increasing temperature. A large loss of power output (up to 19%) has been observed on the series resistance of the solar photovoltaic module in the temperature range of 320–332 K. With increasing temperature, the loss of generated power on the shunt resistance grows sublinearly. The efficiency of the solar photovoltaic module decreases from 7.95 to 7.65% and has a coefficient of temperature dependence of efficiency, which decreases from ≈ –0.029%/K to ≈ –0.046%/K.
关键词： shunt resistance,series resistance,efficiency,temperature,open-circuit voltage,fill factor,solar photovoltaic module,amorphous hydrogenated silicon,short-circuit current
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Proof of concept for a novel and smart shade resilient photovoltaic module
摘要： In this study, the performance of a shade resilient smart module is studied under a dynamic shading pattern. A smart module architecture is developed to mitigate the non-linear shading effect on the module performance. Partial shading decreases the output current of the shaded cells and affects the unshaded cells’ output power. After distributing the module cells into small groups, based on a least square support vector machine optimisation method, DC–DC buck converters compensate the decreased current levels, by adjusting the output current and voltage level from any individual group of cells. The system is simulated in the MATLAB Simulink environment, and the output results are presented. Results show that the module performs efficiently and output power of the unshaded groups of cells never decreased because of the effect of shading on the other groups. Additionally, the maximum output power is harvested from all groups simultaneously. Prototype hardware is designed and built to implement the proof of concept. The real-time results of hardware testing show that the smart module performs as expected and mitigates partially shaded conditions by extracting maximum power from each group, regardless of other groups shading condition.
关键词： least square support vector machine,dynamic shading pattern,MATLAB Simulink,shade resilient photovoltaic module,DC–DC buck converters
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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A new production cost effectiveness factor for assessing photovoltaic module cooling techniques
摘要： Numerous cooling techniques are available to reduce photovoltaic module (PV) temperature and thus improve PV efficiency. Sometimes, the manufacturing cost of some PV cooling techniques is higher as compared with their power productivity, and thus the cost parameter is needed to be taken into consideration to justify producing certain PV cooling techniques. This paper is intended to link the manufacturing cost of the PV cooler with its output power by providing an economic analysis as there is a research gap in previous studies related to the economic aspect of these products. It proposes a new method by defining and deriving a new parameter called the PV cooling technique production cost effectiveness factor whose value is affected by the PV efficiency gained of a PV with and without a cooler, the manufacturing cost of the PV cooling technique, and the cost of one watt of PV power. Based on the value of this new factor, three possible classifications are suggested. They are production/not production cost effective or neutral. To determine the optimum PV cooler, the minimum value of the PV cooling technique production cost effectiveness factor is defined. The applicability conditions and limitations of the proposed method are illustrated. It is shown that the PV cooling technique production cost effectiveness factor and its minimum value are helpful in classifying the PV cooling techniques based on their power productivity and manufacturing cost. This parameter may have a potential to be used by PV cooling technique designers and manufacturers on making their design decisions.
关键词： manufacturing cost,photovoltaic module,photovoltaic efficiency,PV cooling technique,PV cooling technique production cost effectiveness evaluation
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Extraction of Uncertain Parameters of Double-Diode Model of a Photovoltaic Panel Using Simulated Annealing Optimization
摘要： In this article, our goal is to improve the estimation of the parameters of solar photovoltaic models by using the simulated annealing (SA) algorithm. The proposed approach takes into account the uncertainties of measurements. This approach consists of three steps. The ?rst is the extraction of the parameters in a conventional manner based on SA. Then, in order to reduce the search interval of parameters, we will determine the uncertainties of the measurements of each parameter. Finally, we will determine the instantaneous parameters, taking into account the results of the ?rst two steps. For the validation of proposed theoretical developments, the proposed approach is applied to two di?erent commercial solar panel parameter estimation problems (the monocrystalline solar module STM6-40/36 and the polycrystalline silicon cells photovoltaic module Sharp ND-R250A5). The results obtained are compared with well-established algorithms to con?rm its e?ectiveness. These comparisons have shown that the proposed method exhibits largely more e?ective performances than existing methods in the literature.
关键词： uncertainties,polycrystalline silicon cells,solar photovoltaic models,simulated annealing,monocrystalline solar module,parameter estimation
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Hybrid Solar Cells with a Sunlight Concentrator System
摘要： Hybrid solar cells based on InGaP/Ga(In)As/Ge multijunction structures integrated into crystalline Si heat-removal base and provided with sunlight concentrator system based on linear Fresnel lenses and carboplastic mount structure have been developed and investigated. The hybrid solar cells with sunlight concentrators in the photovoltaic module provide a specific electric power of 390 W/m2 (AM0, 1367 W/m2) at a photoconverter unit specific weight reduced to 1.0 kg/m2. Improved photovoltaic characteristics and high radiation resistance allow using the proposed hybrid solar modules with sunlight concentrators in space solar batteries and autonomous power supply facilities.
关键词： linear Fresnel lens,concentrator photovoltaic module,hybrid solar cell,multijunction photovoltaic cell,solar battery
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04