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Aggregation-induced phosphorescence enhancement in deep-red and near-infrared emissive iridium( <scp>iii</scp> ) complexes for solution-processable OLEDs
摘要： To fight against the counteractive triplet–triplet annihilation and vibrational deactivation faced by low band-gap phosphorescent emitters, aggregation-induced phosphorescent enhancement (AIPE)-active deep-red and NIR emissive iridium(III) complexes are designed by suitably anchoring electron-withdrawing substituents such as -phenyl (Ir2), -ethyl ester (Ir3), and -trifluoromethyl (Ir4) groups on the N-coordinating quinoline moiety of a (benzo[b]thiophen-2-yl)quinoline cyclometalated ligand along with ancillary picolinate. The fundamentals of the origin of AIPE on Ir2 and Ir4 and its associated excited-state properties are deeply studied through comparison with unsubstituted Ir1 with the help of density functional theory and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Most importantly, AIPE-active Ir2 is employed for the development of efficient deep-red and NIR PhOLEDs by hybrid solution-processable methods, in which the AIPE effect of Ir2 reaches a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 7.29% at high doping ratios.
关键词： near-infrared emissive iridium(III) complexes,deep-red,solution-processable OLEDs,Aggregation-induced phosphorescence enhancement
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Optofluidic laser speckle image decorrelation analysis for the assessment of red blood cell storage
摘要： Red blood cells (RBCs) undergo irreversible biochemical and morphological changes during storage, contributing to the hemorheological changes of stored RBCs, which causes deterioration of microvascular perfusion in vivo. In this study, a home-built optofluidic system for laser speckle imaging of flowing stored RBCs through a transparent microfluidic channel was employed. The speckle decorrelation time (SDT) provides a quantitative measure of RBC changes, including aggregation in the microchannel. The SDT and relative light transmission intensity of the stored RBCs were monitored for 42 days. In addition, correlations between the decorrelation time, RBC flow speed through the channel, and relative light transmission intensity were obtained. The SDT of stored RBCs increased as the storage duration increased. The SDTs of the RBCs stored for 21 days did not significantly change. However, for the RBCs stored for over 35 days, the SDT increased significantly from 1.26 ± 0.27 ms to 6.12 ± 1.98 ms. In addition, we measured the relative light transmission intensity and RBC flow speed. As the RBC storage time increased, the relative light transmission intensity increased, whereas the RBC flow speed decreased in the microchannel. The optofluidic laser speckle image decorrelation time provides a quantitative measure of assessing the RBC condition during storage. Laser speckle image decorrelation analysis may serve as a convenient assay to monitor the property changes of stored RBCs.
关键词： laser speckle,image decorrelation,microfluidic channel,Optofluidic,RBC aggregation,speckle decorrelation time,red blood cell storage
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Effect of polymer donor aggregation on active layer morphology of amorphous polymer acceptor-based all-polymer solar cells
摘要： Most of polymer acceptors for all-polymer solar cells (all-PSCs) are semi-crystalline. Amorphous polymer acceptors containing B←N unit represent a new kind of acceptor materials and possess unique phase separation behaviours in all-PSCs. In this work, to study their phase separation morphology and all-PSC device performance, we select three polymer donors with identical polymer backbone but different side chains to blend with an amorphous polymer acceptor (rr-PBN). Among the three polymer donors, J91 exhibits the strongest aggregation tendency in solution and moderate crystallinity in thin film. The J91:rr-PBN blend shows the most optimal phase separation morphology and the best all-PSC device performance. In comparison, J51 shows the least aggregation tendency in solution and the highest crystallinity in thin film. The all-PSC device of J51:rr-PBN blend exhibits sub-optimal active layer morphology and poor photovoltaic performance. These results indicate that the aggregation tendency in solution of polymer donor is the dominant factor in the phase separation of semi-crystalline polymer donor/amorphous polymer acceptor blend in all-PSCs.
关键词： crystallinity,morphology,all-polymer solar cells,aggregation in solution,phase separation
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Rational Design of Phenothiazine-Based Organic Dyes for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells: The Influence of ??-Spacers and Intermolecular Aggregation on Their Photovoltaic Performances
摘要： Power conversion efficiency (PCE) is one of the important factors in influencing the overall performance of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), and precise prediction of PCE is a feasible strategy for preparing highly-efficient DSSCs devices. In this work, we designed a series of phenothiazine-based organic dyes by introducing different π-spacers including the 4-isopropyl-4H-dithieno[3,2-b:2′,3′-d]pyrrole (DTP) and 2,7-dihydronaphtho[1,2-d:5,6-d']diimidazole (NDI) to tune their photovoltaic properties. The present studies reveal that the PCE value of the DTP-based dye is estimated to 8.55%, in excellent agreement with the experimentally available value (8.19%) observed in the reported analogue. In comparison to DTP, the strong electron-deficiency NDI group induces a remarkable red-shifting of maximum absorption band, broadening the optical absorption into the near-infrared region. As a consequence, the NDI-based dye achieves an impressive PCE value of 15.51%, which is expected to be a potential organic dye applied in DSSCs.
关键词： Intermolecular aggregation,Phenothiazine-based organic dyes,π-spacers,Photovoltaic performances,Dye-sensitized solar cells
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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PCE11-based polymer solar cells with high efficiency over 13% achieved by room-temperature processing
摘要： With the emergence and rapid development of new non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs), bulk-heterojunction polymer solar cells (BHJ-PSCs) have achieved high power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) over 16%. Developing effective methods to fabricate high-performance thick-film PSCs is important to meet the requirements of the future roll-to-roll commercial production. PffBT4T-2OD (PCE11) as the most promising temperature-dependent aggregation (TDA) donor with high crystallinity has achieved high performance at high film thickness, which, however, needs at high processing temperature and is detrimental for practical production of large-area PSCs. We designed NFAs, ZITI-N-CH3, ZITI-N-C8H17, and ZITI-N-EH containing different side chains. Because of the excellent miscibility of the TDA-polymer PffBT4T-2OD and ZITI-N-R, the devices can be fabricated at room temperature, achieving a medium PCE of 8.78% for ZITI-N-CH3-based PSC, a high PCE of 12.13% for ZITI-N-C8H17-based PSC and a superior PCE of 13.07% for ZITI-N-EH-based PSC, which is attributed to the smallest domain size and highest crystallization for PffBT4T-2OD:ZITI-N-EH blend. The PCE of 13.07% is the highest among the TDA polymer-based PSCs, which can be maintained at 12.35% at the high thickness of 200 nm. This work provides an important guideline to develop high-performance thick-film TDA-polymer-based non-fullerene PSCs at mild processing conditions.
关键词： temperature-dependent aggregation,room-temperature processing,polymer solar cells,high efficiency,non-fullerene acceptors
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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[IEEE 2019 18th International Conference on Optical Communications and Networks (ICOCN) - Huangshan, China (2019.8.5-2019.8.8)] 2019 18th International Conference on Optical Communications and Networks (ICOCN) - Baseband Unit Aggregation Based on Deep Reinforcement Learning in Cloud Radio Access Networks
摘要： We propose a deep reinforcement learning based baseband unit aggregation policy. The proposed policy is able to guarantee users’ quality of service while keeping BBU pool energy-efficient. Simulation results show that up to 80% less migration traffic can be achieved compared with benchmark heuristics with only 11% higher power consumption.
关键词： Machine Learning,Cloud RAN,BBU Aggregation
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Molecular aggregation of Naphthalene diimide(NDI) derivatives in electron transport layers of inverted perovskite solar cells and their influence on the device performance
摘要： One of key factors to design applicable electron transport layers (ETLs) for perovskite solar cells is the morphology of ETLs since a good morphology would help to facilitate the carrier transport at two interfaces (perovskite\ETL and ETL\cathode). However, one drawback of most organic ETL small molecules is the internal undesired accumulation, which would cause the formation of inappropriate morphology and rough ETL surface. Here by elaborately designing the side chains of NDI derivatives, the molecular interaction could be modified to achieve the aggregation in different degrees, which would eventually affect the accumulation of molecules and surface qualities of ETLs. By speculating from the comparison between the absorption spectra of solutions and films, the sequence of extent of molecule interaction and aggregation was built among three NDI derivatives, which is further confirmed by direct evidence of atomic force microscopy (AFM) images. Then, carrier exaction abilities are simply studied by steady state photoluminescence spectra. Carrier transport process is also discussed based on cyclic voltammetry, time-resolved photoluminescence spectra and mobility. NDIF1 are proven to have the appropriate internal aggregation to smooth the contact with cathode and low series resistance, the device performance (15.6%) is achieved. With the ability of preventing the thermal diffusion of Ag towards the perovskite surface due to the strong interaction between molecules, NDIF2 under high concentration shows the highest fill factor (80%).
关键词： solar cell,perovskite,Naphthalene diimide derivatives,molecular aggregation
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Fluorescent Supramolecular Polymersomes Based on Pillararene/Paraquat Molecular Recognition for pH-controlled Drug Release
摘要： Researchers have put significant efforts on developing versatile fluorescent polymeric systems due to their promising biological/biomedical labelling, tracking, monitoring, imaging, and diagnostic applications. However, complicated organic/polymeric synthesis or post-modification of these functionalized platforms is still a big obstacle for their further application and thereby provides clear motivation for exploring alternative strategies for the design and fabrication of easily available fluorescent systems. The marriage of supramolecular polymers and fluorescent imaging can provide a facile and dynamic manner instead of tedious and time-consuming synthesis due to the dynamic and reversible nature of noncovalent interactions. Herein, based on water-soluble pillararene/paraquat molecular recognition, we successfully prepare two amphiphilic polypseudorotaxanes which can self-assemble into supramolecular polymersomes in water. These polymersomes can be reversibly destroyed and reformed by tuning the solution pH. Attributed to the aggregation-induced emission of tetraphenylethylene groups, intense fluorescence can be introduced into the obtained supramolecular polymersomes. Furthermore, pH-triggered release of an encapsulated water-insoluble drug (doxorubicin) from the self-assembled fluorescent supramolecular polymersomes is also investigated.
关键词： Responsiveness,Aggregation-induced emission,Host-guest interactions,Fluorescent polymers
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Laser Light Scattering Study on Aggregation of Cellulose Diacetate in Acetone
摘要： We have investigated the properties of cellulose diacetate in solution by using laser light scattering. The cellulose diacetate molecules can form micelles and micellar clusters in acetone besides the individual chains. As the concentration increases, the average hydrodynamic radius (cid:104)Rh(cid:105) linearly increases, whereas the ratio of gyration radius to hydrodynamic radius (cid:104)Rg(cid:105)/(cid:104)Rh(cid:105) linearly decreases. It indicates that the micelles associate and form micellar clusters due to the intermolecular interactions.
关键词： Laser light scattering,Cellulose diacetate,Multi-aggregation form structure
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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A comparison of arrangements for increasing self-consumption and maximising the value of distributed photovoltaics on apartment buildings
摘要： As subsidised feed-in-tariffs for distributed photovoltaic (PV) generation are reduced or abolished in many jurisdictions, there is growing interest in increasing self-consumption to realise greater value from rooftop PV generation. However, deployment of PV on apartment buildings lags behind other residential deployment despite the potential advantages of load aggregation. We present a study of electricity and financial flows in ten ‘virtual’ Australian apartment buildings under a range of technical implementations and financial arrangements, using real load profiles and simulated generation profiles. Aggregation of diverse household and shared loads, either through an embedded network or ‘behind the meter’ of individual dwellings, can increase self-sufficiency and self-consumption of on-site generation compared to separate systems supplying common property or individual apartments. While embedded networks can enable access to more beneficial retail arrangements, behind the meter solutions may allow residents to avoid regulatory complexities and additional costs. The relative benefits of each arrangement are dependent on building characteristics and financial settings.
关键词： Load aggregation,Apartments,Self-consumption,Embedded network,Residential electricity,Photovoltaics
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52