- 标题
- 摘要
- 关键词
- 实验方案
- 产品
-
Inert gas cluster formation in sputter-deposited thin film CdTe solar cells
摘要： Magnetron sputtering is widely used for thin film deposition because it is a relatively low temperature process which also produces films with excellent uniformity. Unfortunately, in its use for the deposition of thin film CdTe devices, the inert working gas from the magnetron can incorporate into the film during the growth process and aggregate into large subsurface clusters during postprocessing. The gas clusters often occur at the CdS/CdTe interface causing delamination and blisters up to about 30 μm in diameter are readily observable on the film’s surface. The surface blisters are observed after postprocessing with CdCl2 at an elevated temperature but smaller inert gas clusters of several nanometres in diameter can be observed using high resolution transmission electron microscopy before the CdCl2 treatment. In this paper, these effects are investigated both experimentally and using molecular dynamics modelling. Some suggestions are also made as to how the effect might be minimised and higher efficiency solar devices fabricated.
关键词： Solar Cells,Cadmium Telluride,Argon bubbles,Molecular Dynamics,High Resolution Electron Microscopy,Magnetron Sputtering
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
-
Influence of the polarization of a multielectron atom in a strong laser field on high-order harmonic generation
摘要： We study the ionization and high-order harmonic generation (HHG) in argon by short linearly polarized laser pulses. We compare the populations of atomic orbitals and HHG spectra in a wide range of laser-pulse parameters, taking into account the dynamics of all orbitals based on the time-dependent density-functional theory (TDDFT) and only the most active orbital within the single-active electron (SAE) approximation. At high intensities of laser pulses, the atom polarization leads to suppression in the bound-state depletion due to the screening of the external field. The significant increase in the HHG yield is observed for the TDDFT calculations in comparison with the SAE calculations. The contribution of different orbitals in the TDDFT calculations of HHG spectra is discussed.
关键词： ionization,high-order harmonic generation,atom polarization,argon,TDDFT,laser pulses,SAE approximation
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
-
In-Depth Spectroscopy and New Heights for Organic Solar Cells
摘要： In this issue of Joule, Lami et al. describe a method that enables UV photoemission spectroscopy (UPS) in the transverse dimension of polymeric semiconductor layers with nanometer-scale resolution. The approach is based on the use of Argon gas cluster ion beam (GCIB) etching instead of monoatomic ion beam bombardment. The use of GCIB reduces surface damage, enabling in depth UPS. The method is applied to the study of critical electronic levels and photovoltage in organic solar cells.
关键词： Argon gas cluster ion beam,photovoltage,UV photoemission spectroscopy,electronic levels,organic solar cells
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
-
Effect of Ar(3p <sup>5</sup> 4p; 2p)+M → Ar(3p <sup>5</sup> 4s; 1s)+M branching ratio on optically pumped rare gas laser performance
摘要： Optically pumped rare gas laser performance is analyzed as a function of the Ar(3p54p; 2p) + M → Ar(3p54s; 1s) + M branching ratios. Due to the uncertainty in the branching ratios, a sensitivity study is performed to determine the effect on output and absorbed pump laser intensities. The analysis is performed using a radio frequency dielectric barrier discharge as the source of metastable production for a variety of Argon in Helium mixtures over pressures ranging from 200 to 500 Torr. Peak output laser intensities show a factor of 7 increase as the branching ratio is increased from 0.25 to 1.00. The collection of Ar* in Ar(1s4) is inversely proportional to the branching ratio and decreases output laser intensity by reducing the density of species directly involved with lasing.
关键词： Argon,Helium,branching ratio,radio frequency dielectric barrier discharge,metastable production,optically pumped rare gas laser
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
-
Treatment Outcome of Modified Argon Laser Photoablation for Conjunctival Cysts
摘要： To evaluate the effectiveness of conjunctival cyst removal using a modified method of argon laser photoablation. Seventeen cases of symptomatic conjunctival cysts were included. After staining the surface of a conjunctival cyst with a dark purple marker, the cyst was incised using a 26-gauge needle. Low-energy argon laser photoablation was then applied around the incision site for a mean of 100 times. During a mean follow-up period of 13.3 months (range 6–28 months), all conjunctival cysts were successfully corrected by applying either one or 2 laser sessions. Complete resolution occurred after a single laser session in 14 eyes (82.4%). There were 3 cases of recurrence with medium to large cysts, and repeating the same procedure produced surgical success in all of these cases; the conjunctival cyst recurred again after the second laser session in one of the 3 eyes, but this spontaneously regressed without further treatment. No postoperative complications such as conjunctival scarring or persistent ocular irritation were observed. Our modified method of argon laser photoablation uses staining of the conjunctival cyst surface to increase the amount of thermal laser energy absorbed by the target. This novel technique is simple and effective for treating conjunctival cysts in an outpatient clinic.
关键词： argon laser,conjunctival cyst,photoablation
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
-
EFFECT OF LASER PHOTOCOAGULATION ON MACULAR EDEMA ASSOCIATED WITH MACULAR HOLES
摘要： To report the outcomes of laser therapy to barricade eccentric full-thickness macular hole with associated cystoid macular edema. We report two patients who developed an eccentric full-thickness macular hole with persistent cystoid macular edema after pars plan vitrectomy with and without internal limiting membrane peel for epiretinal membrane and the results of argon laser therapy. Barricade argon laser therapy was applied concentric to the full-thickness macular hole. Associated cystoid macular edema was noted to resolve within 1 to 3 months of therapy in both cases. Barricade laser therapy surrounding a macular hole can lead to resolution of associated cystoid macular edema. Pathogenic mechanisms to explain this favorable outcome are discussed.
关键词： cystoid macular edema,argon laser,epiretinal membrane,PPV/ILM,laser retinopexy,laser barricade,eccentric macular hole,macular hole
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
-
Infrared Spectra of CH <sub/>3</sub> CN→M, M?η <sup>2</sup> -(NC)–CH <sub/>3</sub> , CH <sub/>3</sub> –MNC Prepared by Reactions of Laser-Ablated Fe, Ru, and Pt Atoms with Acetonitrile in Excess Argon
摘要： Reactions of laser-ablated Fe, Ru, and Pt atoms with acetonitrile have been carried out in excess argon, and the products identi?ed in the matrix spectra. CH3CN→Fe and Fe-η2-(NC)?CH3 observed in the original deposition spectra converted to CH3?FeNC on uv irradiation. CH3CN→Ru, the only product detected in the Ru system, dissociated on uv irradiation, but was partly reproduced on subsequent visible irradiation and annealing. Similar behavior was found for CH3CN→Pt. The major products (CH3?FeNC, CH3CN→Ru, and CH3CN→Pt) are the most stable constituents in the previously proposed reaction path for Group 4, 5, 6, and 7 metal atoms and acetonitrile, parallel with the previous results. The Group 8 metal π-coordination products are weakly bound complexes due to limited back-donation to the π*-orbitals of CH3CN. Calculations show that the Fe insertion product has a much less bent structure than the Ru analogue, in line with its higher s-character from the ?rst row transition-metal to the C?Fe bond, and the group 8 metal methylidenes are not agostically distorted. The Pt to N bond in CH3CN→Pt is the strongest of all the metals we have investigated owing in large part to its higher electron a?nity, which prevents nitrogen lone pair density from entering the pi* orbitals of the C?N group.
关键词： Laser-Ablated Fe,Infrared Spectra,CH3CN→M,CH3?MNC,Ru,Acetonitrile,Excess Argon,M?η2?(NC)?CH3,Pt Atoms
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
-
Argon Laser Peripheral Iridoplasty and Argon Laser Pupilloplasty: Alternative Management for Medically Unresponsive Acute Primary Angle Closure
摘要： Objective. To introduce the combined laser technique, argon laser peripheral iridoplasty (ALPI) and argon laser pupilloplasty (ALPP), in the management of medically unresponsive acute primary angle closure (APAC). Design. Retrospective study. Methods. We retrospectively reviewed the records of 23 patients (27 eyes) with APAC, who were applied ALPI and ALPP when traditional treatment failed. The visual acuity and intraocular pressure (IOP) were monitored before surgery and at 1, 2, 12, 24, and 48 h after surgery. Additionally, the angle-opening status was monitored before surgery and 48 h after the treatment by using an ultrasonic biological microscope (UBM), and the presurgical and postsurgical cornea edema statuses were observed by using a slit lamp. We also documented the complications of laser treatment. Results. For the ALPI + ALPP laser-effective group, the presurgical IOP was 37.6 ± 10.9 mmHg (1 h), 28.4 ± 12.4 mmHg (2 h), 19.9 ± 9.0 mmHg (6 h), 16.8 ± 7.3 mmHg (12 h), 15.9 ± 5.9 mmHg (24 h), and 14.9 ± 5.0 mmHg (48 h), with statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) in each time point. It was observed in all the patients that the corneal edema alleviated, the angles opened, and visual acuity recovered with varying degrees at 48 h after applying combined laser treatment. For the ALPI + ALPP laser-ineffective group, further interventions were taken. Definitive treatment was given in both groups to maintain the long-term IOP control. Conclusions. Although the combination of ALPI and ALPP is a temporizing therapeutic strategy for APAC, it is effective in relieving pupillary block which is unresponsive to miotic agents, opening the closed angle to a certain extent, restoring the transparency of cornea, and reducing IOP to a safe level for further definitive treatment.
关键词： acute primary angle closure,argon laser peripheral iridoplasty,argon laser pupilloplasty,corneal edema,intraocular pressure
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
-
[IEEE 2019 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe & European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-EQEC) - Munich, Germany (2019.6.23-2019.6.27)] 2019 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe & European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-EQEC) - Comparative Study of Harmonic Generation in Air and Argon in Light Filaments Driven by Circularly Polarized Mid-IR Pulses
摘要： A generation of optical harmonics by circularly polarized light, which is in general forbidden in an isotropic medium, was recently observed in molecular gases where molecules were aligned and oriented by another linearly polarized laser pulse or by pulses with twisted polarization. In order to generate nth-harmonic with circularly polarized light, a molecule has to “absorb” n photons, having the same handedness, and to emit a single nth harmonic photon while fulfilling the energy and the momentum conservation laws, meaning a necessity to excite the molecule to appropriate rotational state. One can do this by means of intrapulse rotational Raman scattering, which prepares the molecule in the excited state through a subsequent absorption of (n-1) same-handed photons. All previously reported experimental studies on circular harmonic generation in molecular gases were performed with visible/near-IR drivers, in either gas jets or in standing cells and with pre-alignment of molecules by an additional laser pulses. Here we report on the studies of self-action of elliptically polarized mid-IR pulses on the generation of low-order harmonics in filaments ignited in air and in argon, representing a molecular and an atomic gas respectively. The harmonics were driven by 20-mJ, sub-100 fs mid-IR pulses, centred at 3.9 μm wavelength. In the experiments filamentation was assisted by focusing light with a spherical mirror of ROC=-2500 mm into an open-end tube, through which Ar gas was flown at slight overpressure. Polarization of the pulses was controlled by a broadband quarter wave plate (QWP). Spectra of 5th and 7th harmonics were recorded after the filaments with a grating spectrometer (HR4000, OceanOptics). Polarization state of the generated harmonics was analysed with a Glan-Taylor polarizer.
关键词： filaments,argon,circularly polarized light,mid-IR pulses,harmonic generation,air
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
-
Measurement of pressure shift and broadening for Ar and Kr 4s[3/2]2?→?4p[5/2]3 transition in rare gases using diode-laser spectroscopy
摘要： In this work simultaneous measurements of pressure broadening and shift coe?cients for 811.5 nm Ar and 811.3 nm Kr spectral lines of the 4s[3/2] 2 → 4p[5/2] 3 transition were performed. Assessment of gas temperature was done by determining Doppler width components of the lines’ Voigt pro?les. Pressure shift coe?cients for the mixtures Ar:Ne, Kr:Ne and Kr:Ar were determined for the ?rst time. Their values in units of 10 -10, reduced to 300 K are: β Ar:Ne = -0.51 ± 0.05, β Kr:Ne = -0.65 ± 0.01, β Kr:Ar = -2.07 ± 0.08. Additionally we demonstrated the use of easily available starters for ?uorescent lamps as sealed Ar discharge cells for reference optical frequency.
关键词： Spectral line pressure shift,Radio-frequency discharge,Metastable argon and krypton atoms,Optically pumped all-rare-gas laser,Diode-laser absorption spectroscopy
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04