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Imaging extracellular vesicles: current and emerging methods
摘要： Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid bilayer-enclosed nanoparticles released by cells. They range from 30 nm to several micrometers in diameter, and ferry biological cargos such as proteins, lipids, RNAs and DNAs for local and distant intercellular communications. EVs have since been found to play a role in development, as well as in diseases including cancers. To elucidate the roles of EVs, researchers have established different methods to visualize and study their spatiotemporal properties. However, since EV are nanometer-sized, imaging them demands a full understanding of each labeling strategy to ensure accurate monitoring. This review covers current and emerging strategies for EV imaging for prospective studies.
关键词： Bioluminescence,MRI,Microvesicles,SPECT,Biodistribution,Imaging,Extracellular vesicles,Fluorescence,Dyes,exosomes
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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A self-illuminating nanoparticle for inflammation imaging and cancer therapy
摘要： Nanoparticles have been extensively used for inflammation imaging and photodynamic therapy of cancer. However, the major translational barriers to most nanoparticle-based imaging and therapy applications are the limited depth of tissue penetration, inevitable requirement of external irradiation, and poor biocompatibility of the nanoparticles. To overcome these critical limitations, we synthesized a sensitive, specific, biodegradable luminescent nanoparticle that is self-assembled from an amphiphilic polymeric conjugate with a luminescent donor (luminol) and a fluorescent acceptor [chlorin e6 (Ce6)] for in vivo luminescence imaging and photodynamic therapy in deep tissues. Mechanistically, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and myeloperoxidase generated in inflammatory sites or the tumor microenvironment trigger bioluminescence resonance energy transfer and the production of singlet oxygen (1O2) from the nanoparticle, enabling in vivo imaging and cancer therapy, respectively. This self-illuminating nanoparticle shows an excellent in vivo imaging capability with suitable tissue penetration and resolution in diverse animal models of inflammation. It is also proven to be a selective, potent, and safe antitumor nanomedicine that specifically kills cancer cells via in situ 1O2 produced in the tumor microenvironment, which contains a high level of ROS.
关键词： photodynamic therapy,cancer therapy,inflammation imaging,reactive oxygen species,myeloperoxidase,bioluminescence resonance energy transfer,nanoparticles
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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[Springer Series in Materials Science] Biomimetics Volume 279 (Bioinspired Hierarchical-Structured Surfaces for Green Science and Technology) || Structural Coloration
摘要： In living nature, flora and fauna produce color through pigments, bioluminescence, or structural coloration (Booth 1990). Biological pigments, or simply pigments, are substances produced by living organisms, which produce color resulting from selective light adsorption and reflection of a specific light wavelength. These include plant and flower pigments, such as green pigment chlorophyll used by plants for photosynthesis. Many biological structures contain pigments such as melanin in skin, eyes, fur, and hair. Bioluminescence is the production and emission of visible light by a living organism. It occurs widely in marine organisms, as well as in some fungi, bacteria, and terrestrial invertebrates, such as fireflies. Structural coloration is the production of color by selective light reflection by nanostructured surfaces with features of the same scale as incident visible light wavelengths (Fox 1976; Kinoshita 2008; Kinoshita et al. 2008; Sun et al. 2013; Yu et al. 2013). While pigments degrade and their colors fade over time, structural coloration can persist for long periods, even after the death of the organism.
关键词： iridescent,nanostructured surfaces,bioluminescence,pigments,structural coloration
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:21
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BRET based dual-colour (visible/near-infrared) molecular imaging using a quantum dot/EGFP–luciferase conjugate
摘要： Owing to its high sensitivity, bioluminescence imaging is an important tool for biosensing and bioimaging in life sciences. Compared to fluorescence imaging, bioluminescence imaging has a superior advantage that the background signals resulting from autofluorescence are almost zero. In addition, bioluminescence imaging can permit long-term observation of living cells because external excitation is not needed, leading to no photobleaching and photocytotoxicity. Although bioluminescence imaging has such superior properties over fluorescence imaging, observation wavelengths in bioluminescence imaging are mostly limited to the visible region. Here we present bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) based dual-colour (visible/near-infrared) molecular imaging using a quantum dot (QD) and luciferase protein conjugate. This bioluminescent probe is designed to emit green and near-infrared luminescence from enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) and CdSeTe/CdS (core/shell) QDs, where EGFP–Renilla luciferase (RLuc) fused proteins are conjugated to the QDs. Since the EGFP–RLuc fused protein contains an immunoglobulin binding domain (GB1) of protein G, it is possible to prepare a variety of molecular imaging probes functionalized with antibodies (IgG). We show that the BRET-based QD probe can be used for highly sensitive dual-colour (visible/near-infrared) bioluminescence molecular imaging of membrane receptors in cancer cells.
关键词： EGFP,luciferase,bioluminescence imaging,cancer cells,BRET,quantum dot,molecular imaging
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Synthesis and bioluminescence of electronically modified and rotationally restricted colour-shifting infraluciferin analogues
摘要： Synthetic nIR emitting luciferins can enable clearer bioluminescent imaging in blood and tissue. A limiting factor for all synthetic luciferins is their reduced light output with respect to D-luciferin. In this work we explore a design feature of whether rigidification of an exceptionally red synthetic luciferin, infraluciferin, can increase light output through a reduction in the degrees of freedom of the molecule. A rigid analogue pyridobenzimidazole infraluciferin was prepared and its bioluminescence properties compared with its non-rigid counterpart benzimidazole infraluciferin, luciferin, infraluciferin and benzimidazole luciferin. The results support the concept that synthetic rigidification of p -extended luciferins can increase bioluminescence activity while maintaining nIR bioluminescence.
关键词： bioluminescence,near infrared,infraluciferin,synthesis,colour shifting
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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[Institution of Engineering and Technology 2015 IET International Conference on Biomedical Image and Signal Processing (ICBISP 2015) - Beijing, China (19 Nov. 2015)] 2015 IET International Conference on Biomedical Image and Signal Processing (ICBISP 2015) - Iterative reconstruction for bioluminescence tomography based on an adaptive region shrinking strategy
摘要： The main challenge of bioluminescence tomography (BLT) is the ill-posed, non-unique nature of the inverse problem. To get reliable reconstruction, permissible source region is a commonly used a priori knowledge in the inverse procedure. In this paper, to accurately reveal 3D distribution of bioluminescent sources from limited boundary measurement, we propose an iterative reconstruction method incorporating adaptive algebraic reconstruction technique (AART) and adaptively shrinking permissible source region. AART algorithm is applied to get the solution without permissible region. Base on the distribution of the solution, we calculate the expectation and the covariance matrix and then derive the parameters for determining a cuboid-shaped region. Simulation experiments on a 3D digital mouse and an in vivo experiment are conducted to validate the feasibility and evaluate the performance of the proposed reconstruction method. The reconstructed results demonstrate the shrinking strategy is helpful for improving the stability of inverse algorithm.
关键词： iterative reconstruction method,finite element method,inverse problems,bioluminescence tomography
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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An NIR-II Fluorescence/Dual Bioluminescence Multiplexed Imaging for In Vivo Visualizing the Location, Survival, and Differentiation of Transplanted Stem Cells
摘要： The in vivo distribution, viability, and differentiation capability of transplanted stem cells are vital for the therapeutic efficacy of stem cell–based therapy. Herein, an NIR-II fluorescence/dual bioluminescence multiplexed imaging method covering the visible and the second near-infrared window from 400 to 1700 nm is successfully developed for in vivo monitoring the location, survival, and osteogenic differentiation of transplanted human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) in a calvarial defect mouse model. The exogenous Ag2S quantum dot–based fluorescence imaging in the second near-infrared window is applied for visualizing the long-term biodistribution of transplanted hMSCs. Endogenous red firefly luciferase (RFLuc)-based bioluminescence imaging (BLI) and the collagen type 1 promoter–driven Gaussia luciferase (GLuc)-based BLI are employed to report the survival and osteogenic differentiation statuses of the transplanted hMSCs. Meanwhile, by integrating the three imaging channels, multiple dynamic biological behaviors of transplanted hMSCs and the promotion effects of immunosuppression and the bone morphogenetic protein 2 on the survival and osteogenic differentiation of transplanted hMSCs are directly observed. The novel multiplexed imaging method can greatly expand the capability for multifunctional analysis of the fates and therapeutic capabilities of the transplanted stem cells, and aid in the improvement of stem cell–based regeneration therapies and their clinical translation.
关键词： near-infrared fluorescence imaging,bioluminescence imaging,transplanted stem cells,stem cell fate,regenerative medicine
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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Synthesis and luminescence properties of near-infrared <i>N</i> -heterocyclic luciferin analogues for <i>in vivo</i> optical imaging
摘要： As a means to achieving highly sensitive bioluminescence imaging of deep tissues utilizing the firefly luciferin-luciferase (L-L) reaction, we previously reported a luciferin analogue, AkaLumine, which exhibits high cell-permeability and emits near-infrared (NIR) light with high tissue-penetration by the L-L reaction. However, while AkaLumine enables us to observe targets in deep tissues, its poor solubility in aqueous media limits its utility for in vivo imaging. Herein, to address this issue, we have synthesized three AkaLumine derivatives with N-heterocyclic aromatic rings as new red luciferin analogues that have substantially higher solubility than that of AkaLumine in phosphate buffered saline solution. One of the derivatives (herein termed seMpai) exhibits an emission maximum at 675 nm upon L-L reaction with Photinus pyralis luciferase and presents an activity in mouse-tissue imaging similar to that of AkaLumine. It is hoped that seMpai will extend the application of high-sensitivity NIR bioluminescence imaging in a wide range of biomedical research fields.
关键词： Bioluminescence,Deep tissue imaging,NIR
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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Comprehensive Biomedical Physics || Bioluminescence Imaging
摘要： Bioluminescence imaging is a research technique that uses light-producing enzymes from naturally occurring species or modified versions of these enzymes to follow biological processes inside cells or animals. The luciferase enzyme is often encoded in a reporter gene that is introduced into the cells or animals of interest. The amount of light that is detected by a light-sensitive camera represents changes in the chosen biological process.
关键词： Bioluminescence imaging,In vitro,Reporter gene,In vivo,Luciferase
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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Establishment of two ovarian cancer orthotopic xenograft mouse models for in vivo imaging: A comparative study
摘要： Orthotopic tumor animal models are optimal for preclinical research of novel therapeutic interventions. The aim of the present study was to compare two types of ovarian cancer orthotopic xenograft (OCOX) mouse models, i.e. cellular orthotopic injection (COI) and surgical orthotopic implantation (SOI), regarding xenograft formation rate, in vivo imaging, tumor growth and metastasis, and tumor microenvironment. The tumor formation and progression were monitored by bioluminescent in vivo imaging. Cell proliferation and migration abilities were detected by EdU and scratch assays, respectively. Expression of α-SMA, CD34, MMP2, MMP9, vimentin, E-cadherin and Ki67 in tumor samples were detected by immunohistochemistry. As a result, we successfully established COI- and SOI-OCOX mouse models using ovarian cancer cell lines ES2 and SKOV3. The tumor formation rate in the COI and SOI models were 87.5 and 100%, respectively. Suspected tumor cell leakage occurred in 37.5% of the COI models. The SOI xenografts grew faster, held larger primary tumors, and were more metastatic than the COI xenografts. The migration and proliferation properties of the cells that generated SOI xenografts were significantly starker than those deriving COI xenografts in vitro. The tumor cells in SOI xenografts exhibited a mesenchymal phenotype and proliferated more actively than those in the COI xenografts. Additionally, compared with the COI tumors, the SOI tumors contained more cancer associated fibroblasts, matrix metallopeptidase 2 and 9. In conclusion, SOI is a feasible and reliable technique to establish OCOX mouse models mimicking the clinical process of ovarian cancer growth and metastasis, although SOI is more technically difficult and time-consuming than COI.
关键词： ovarian cancer,orthotopic xenograft model,bioluminescence measurements,metastasis,tumor microenvironment
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14