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Upgrade the Evaluation of the Contribution of the Active Element Cross Section Geometry to the He-Ne Laser Energy Characteristics
摘要： The models for estimating the contribution of the cross section geometry to the active medium gain of the He-Ne laser have been considered in this work. Expanding the range of studied cross sections it has been found that these models were not analytical and demand the approximate calculations. Modern methods and computing tools should clarify the results of 1960–1970 and it will bring to more accurate results. Some the experimental verification was carried out only in a rectangular cross section. Our model have to complicate taking into account the field intensity distribution in the resonator.
关键词： active element cross section geometry,optical measurements,biomedicine,information optics,laser,the active medium gain,homogeneous and unhomogeneous boundary conditions
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Radiology, Lasers, Nanoparticles and Prosthetics || 15. Prosthetics
摘要： When body parts and functions fail there are two possibilities for remedy: regeneration or replacement. Regeneration is always the better option. However, if by any reason this option is not available, replacement by a donor or by artificial parts is the second best choice. In this chapter we consider artificial replacements, called prostheses. Prostheses may replace limbs or organs and are supposed to take over as well as possible the function of the healthy organ. We distinguish between two types of prosthesis: Exoprosthesis, prosthesis external to the body; Endoprosthesis, prosthesis within the body, also called implants.
关键词： computer technology,electronics,implants,exoprosthesis,prostheses,biomechanics,biomedicine,endoprosthesis,materials science,bionics
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Common Aspects Influencing the Translocation of SERS to Biomedicine
摘要： This review overviews the impact in biomedicine of surface enhanced Raman scattering motivated by the great potential we believe this technique has. We present the advantages and limitations of this technique relevant to bioanalysis in vitro and in vivo and how this technique goes beyond the state of the art of traditional analytical, labelling and healthcare diagnostic technologies.
关键词： early diagnosis,Biomedicine,nanoparticles,hybrid plasmonic platforms,bioanalytes,Surface-enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS),multiplexed bioanalysis,biosensors
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy: Applications in Medicine
摘要： Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) is rapidly gaining ground in modern clinical research. This technique is useful for understanding a wide variety of applications ranging from characterization and quality control of various compounds to biomedicine. Importantly, biological materials like proteins, carbohydrates, lipids and nucleic acids have unique structures so it is possible to obtain spectral fingerprints corresponding to their functional groups. FTIR spectroscopic techniques generate an immediate appeal in the field of biology and medicine because of their fast and non-invasive nature. It allows easy visualization of cellular components based on their intrinsic properties and chemical composition. It provides a potential route to screen diagnostic markers for diseases like cancer. FTIR spectroscopy is also considered as a useful tool for analysis of the chemical composition of human calculi. Analysis of stone samples from recurrent stone formers by FTIR may provide a clue to effective prevention of stone recurrence [1]. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy has proven to be a fundamental and valuable technique in biology and medicine due to its high sensitivity to detecting changes in the functional groups belonging to tissue components such as lipids, proteins and nucleic acids [2]. Infrared spectra of human and animal tissues could provide information on the molecular structure of tissues. FT-IR has been extensively applied for the determination of a biochemical metabolite in biological fluids. Diagnosis of various types of malignancies such as lung, breast, skin, cervical and colon cancers is already reported in the literature. The spectra are analysed for changes in levels of molecules such as RNA, DNA, phosphates, and carbohydrates. Variation of the RNA/DNA ratio as measured at 1121/1020 cm-1 generally show higher ratio for malignant tissues compared to their non-malignant counterpart. Changes in the spectra of malignant samples were also observed in the symmetric and asymmetric stretching bands of the phosphodiester backbones of nucleic acids, the CH stretching region, the C-O stretching bands of the C-OH groups of carbohydrates and cellular protein residuals, and the pressure dependence of the CH2 stretching mode [3]. The changes in the FTIR spectra correlate to modification of bases and sugars, and redistribution of the H-bond network. The loss/change in the covalent bonds due to damage in the primary, secondary and tertiary structure of nucleic acids can be observed in the spectra. These changes involved the phosphate and C-O stretching bands, the CH stretch region, and the pressure dependence of the CH2 bending and C=O stretching modes. FTIR micro spectroscopy has also been used as a fast diagnostic technique to identify drugs targeting specific molecular pathways causing chronic myeloid leukaemia. Chemometric data analysis was used to assess drug compounds in ex vivo cancer cells [4]. Substantial progress has been made in incorporating advances in computational methods into the system to increase the sensitivity of the entire setup, making it an objective and sensitive technique suitable for automation to suit the demands of the medical community. FTIR spectroscopy provides the possibility of obtaining information on molecular composition and structure at the level of single cell within a time-scale of few seconds-minutes and to perform qualitative and quantitative multi-component analyses. It helps in automated pattern recognition and objective classifications of samples with minimal and label-free sample treatment. The technical improvements will progressively increase the number of potential applications of micro FT-IR to cancer research and clinical diagnosis. It may be hoped that the future pre-clinical and clinical trials will include sample evaluation utilizing this technique in order to obtain data necessary to validate the use of micro FT-IR spectroscopy in a clinical context. In fact, this appears to be the most important way to reduce the high level of skepticism of many biologists and pathologists about an old technology that has been designed and improved mainly for applications in clinical diagnosis including cancer research.
关键词： cancer research,biomedicine,clinical diagnosis,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,FTIR,clinical research
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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Biosensors in Applications
摘要： These days, especially, the attention is increasing in high technology of sensors designed for various uses in biological matter, biomedicine, drug improvement, security, nutrition safety and ecological monitoring and measuring. The system of these sensors should typically be handy and economical, on condition that quick response with reliability, high sensitivity, and negligible false-reading counts are provided. Biosensors have a multi-disciplinary nature including: biology, chemistry, physics, instrumentation, electronics, optics, and market. The biosensors are detecting devices that combine a transducer with biologically sensitive and selective components. Biosensors can quantity combinations existing in the environment, chemical procedures, food and human body at inexpensive charge in comparison with traditional techniques. This editorial article briefly focuses on an overview of Biosensors, examples and providing a new vista of developments and applications.
关键词： biomedicine,environmental monitoring,Biosensors,food safety,applications
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14