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A Multipurpose Conjugated Polymer: Electrochromic Device and Biosensor Construction for Glucose Detection
摘要： First example of electrochemically polymerized thiazolothiazole containing electrochromic conducting polymer;Poly(2,5-di(furan-2-yl)thiazolo[5,4-d]thiazole) (PTTzFr) was obtained via cyclic voltammetry. The polymer structure bears furan unit as the donor and thiazolothiazole unit as the acceptor. PTTzFr film was obtained on an ITO coated glass slide and its electrochemical and optoelectronic properties were investigated. Polymeric film showed reversible redox behavior along with reversible electrochromic behavior from reddish orange to grey having a band gap value of 1.80 eV. It has fast switching times (0.3 s and 0.4 s) with high optical contrast values at visible and NIR regions (38% at 460 nm and 63% at 1225 nm). Optoelectronic device application was performed by constructing a dual type electrochromic device (ECD) with poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT). Resulting device showed a remarkable optical memory without changing its % transmittance value during 200 s at 450 nm. Additionally, to construct a sensing interface, in the present work, a conjugated polymer (PTTzFr) containing biosensor was constructed for the glucose analysis. The architecture showed a promising sensing system for biosensor application. For the preparation of the proposed sensor, polymer film was coated on graphite electrode surface and fabricated as a glucose biosensor with immobilization of glucose oxidase. The biosensor was successfully applied for the determination of glucose in beverage. Under optimized conditions, the proposed sensor served a low detection limit (12.8 × 10?3 mM), and high sensitivity (65.44 μAmM?1cm?2). To the best of our knowledge, a sensor design and ECD construction using electrochemically polymerized PTTzFr that shows superior properties for both systems were attempted for the first time, and this approach resulted in improved biosensor and ECD characteristics.
关键词： thiazolothiazole containing conducting polymer,electrochromic device,electrochromic polymer,Amperometric biosensor,glucose biosensor
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Modeling, Simulation of 3D Label Free Nano Amperometric Biosensor for Early Diagnosis of Cancerous Cells with Sustainable Interfacial Coefficients
摘要： I would like to model and simulate 3D label free Nano Amperometric Biosensor for drug delivery and detection of cancerous cells. An Amperometric biosensor is one which has a biological element and a transducer. The analysis to whom the transduction to take place is referred to as analyte. The biological element I use in my work is enzyme, it can be even a living cell, DNA and proteins. Enzyme which I use in my work is Glucose Oxidase (GODx). The analyte primitively used in experimentation is hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and cancerous blood. The GODx reacts with H2O2 and releases out oxygen, the amount of oxygen is calibrated in terms of current in milli amperes, so the biological change is calibrated terms of electrical parameter and so it is called amperometric biosensor. But in actual practice, the process is reversible, we inhale oxygen and exhale CO2, but a biosensor releases Oxygen out and inhales the analyte decomposition. This process is called Direct Current Cyclic Voltammetry. A potentiometric biosensor calibrates the analytes in terms of potential or voltage.
关键词： Cancer,Amperometric biosensor,Biosensor,Glucose oxidase,Transducer,Interfacial coefficients
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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A High-Birefringence Microfiber Sagnac-Interferometer Biosensor Based on the Vernier Effect
摘要： We propose a high-sensitive Sagnac-interferometer biosensor based on the Vernier effect (VE) with a high-birefringence micro?ber. The sensitivity enhancement is achieved by utilizing two cascaded Sagnac interferometers. One of the two interference loops consists of a panda polarization-maintaining ?ber as a ?lter, whilst the other is comprised of high-birefringent micro?ber coated Graphene oxide (GO) as a sensing channel. We theoretically analyzed the sensitivity of the sensor and veri?ed it with experiments. The results of the simulation show that the refractive index sensitivity is more than ?ve times that of the ?ber sensor based on a single Sagnac loop. The sensitivity of the refractive index in the experiments can reach 2429 nm/refractive index unit (RIU), which is basically in accordance with the simulation. We also use electrostatic adsorption to coat GO on the surface of the sensing channel. GO is employed to adsorb bovine serum albumin (BSA) molecules to achieve the desired detection results, which has good biocompatibility and large speci?c surface area. The sensitivity to detect BSA can reach 9.097 nm/(mg×mL?1).
关键词： Vernier effect,micro?ber,Sagnac interferometer,biosensor
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Water-based Terahertz Metamaterial for Skin Cancer Detection Application
摘要： We present a highly sensitive detection of skin cancer using a novel water-based (THz) metamaterial (MM) used semiconductor film. We apply the application of terahertz pulsed imaging (TPI) in reflection geometry for the study of skin tissue and related cancers. As a refractive index (RI) sensing application of the proposed device, there will be shown with placing different sensing materials in the biosensor design, the effective RI will also change that in turn leads to measuring the sensitivity of the biosensor to detect the normal skin and Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC). The RI FOM value of the proposed device is much higher than for the sensor using semiconductor film, to detect biomarkers in the literature. Significantly, the sensitivity increases by about 117 um/RIU and the RI FOM increases by more than 20.53. This results from a combination of size-related factors, leading to field enhancement accompanying strong field localization. We observed the resonance-frequency shift of the THz MM following the RI changing of the detected skin. The dip reflectance resonance has a blue-shift for normal skin. Finally, we suggest that this water-based MM can be used to control of the gene expression. The advantage of our design depends on two factors. Firstly, we used the MM structure, which has micro-scale, and the smaller the size of the structure, the more sensitive to the changes in the RI. Secondly, we used water in our structure, which is very well-suited to the human body and are highly bio-absorbable and inexpensive which is abundantly found in nature.
关键词： bio-absorbable metamaterials,Skin Cancer detection,THz Metamaterials,Semiconductor Biosensor,Refractive Index Sensor,control of the gene expression
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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ZnO-CNT Nanostructures as Potential Materials for Non-Enzymatic H <sub/>2</sub> O <sub/>2</sub> Sensing
摘要： Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is widely used as an antibacterial, bleaching, decoloring, and oxidizing agent in various industrial fields. However, the exposure to and accumulation of high levels of H2O2 can cause oxidative stress to humans, leading to caducity and diseases due to its unstable and toxic nature. Moreover, H2O2 is a useful indicator for monitoring reactive oxygen species-related diseases in humans because it is generated as an intermediate product of many enzymatic reactions in normal aerobic metabolism. It is therefore essential to develop accurate and reliable methods of detecting H2O2 for industrial and biological purposes. Among the recently established methodologies, non-enzymatic amperometric detection of H2O2 has raised considerable attention owing to its high sensitivity, low cost, ease of operation, and quick response. To improve the electrochemical performance of this method, various redox mediators, especially noble-metal-containing substrates, have been used to fabricate chemically modified electrodes for the non-enzymatic amperometric detection of H2O2. Recently, we have reported many applications of metal oxide-decorated sp2-hybridized carbon nanostructures. Building on our previous studies, we describe herein the use of zinc oxide–carbon nanotubes (ZnO-CNT) for the preparation of modified electrodes exhibiting enhanced electrocatalytic activity for H2O2 reduction.
关键词： Amperometry,H2O2 reduction,ZnO nanoparticle,CNT,Biosensor
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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[IEEE 2018 43rd International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves (IRMMW-THz2018) - Nagoya, Japan (2018.9.9-2018.9.14)] 2018 43rd International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves (IRMMW-THz) - Terahertz Microfluidic Metamaterial Biosensor for Tiny Volume Liquid Samples
摘要： We present a novel multi-microfluidic-channel metamaterial biosensor (MCMB) for highly sensitive terahertz (THz) sensing of tiny volume liquid samples. The multi-channels are set mainly in the strong electric field enhancement area of the metamaterial, which significantly decreases the liquid amount and enhances interaction between the sensing targets and the THz wave (thus increasing the sensitivity). The water sensing results demonstrate the effectiveness of this proposed design and the great potential in THz biosensing.
关键词： metamaterial,biosensor,liquid samples,terahertz,microfluidic
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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[Nanostructure Science and Technology] Nanowire Electronics || Nanowire Bioelectronics
摘要： A bioelectronic device transduces a biological signal to or from an electrical signal at the bioelectronic interface. For example, an affinity biosensor employs a surface-immobilized recognition probe such as enzyme, antibody, or single-stranded nucleic acid to selectively capture a target analyte from solution. This biological recognition process is then converted into a measurable electrical signal in the biosensor, which allows for quantitative analysis of the target. Another example of bioelectronics is to record or stimulate bioelectrical activity from an electrogenic cell, such as neuron or cardiomyocyte. The translation between the ionic and electronic signals is enabled through either electrochemical reactions at the surface of a metal electrode or capacitive coupling at the interface between a transistor and a cell. Advanced electrophysiological tools are being developed to reveal the functional properties of neurons, the processing mechanisms within the central nervous system, and the clinical treatment of brain diseases.
关键词： Bioelectronics,Biosensor,Electrophysiological recording,Intracellular recording,Extracellular recording,Nanowire
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Transition metal complexes based aptamers as optical diagnostic tools for disease proteins and biomolecules
摘要： Aptamers are powerful recognition elements that can bind a large number of target molecules, including metal ions, small molecules, proteins, enzymes, even complex targets like cancer cells, etc., with high affinity and specificity. Hence, aptamer-based biosensors (hereafter named "aptasensors") have been extensively utilized in the field of clinical diagnostics and biomedical applications. In contrast to organic luminophores and quantum dots, luminescent transition metal complexes offer many desirable and wide-ranging properties, including tunable emission throughout the visible to NIR regions, long lifetime with a large Stockes shift, high quantum yield, good thermal, chemical and photochemical stability and metabolic inertness for biosensing applications. The incorporation of biomolecules or lipophilic entities into the metal complexes could overcome problems associated with membrane permeability and uptake by cells. Especially, Ru(II) and Ir(III) complexes are promising candidates for these potential applications. This review describes an overview of recent progress in the emerging area of aptasensors utilizing Ru(II) and Ir(III) transition metal complexes. To date, though aptasensors have been used in a wide variety of detection techniques, we have focused mainly on the luminescence approach in this article. Numerous aptasensors have illustrated promising detection results, even in complicated biological environments. If more rigorous research is continued on this area, it is hoped that in the future transition metal complexes based aptamers may show tremendous applications in biomedical research, especially diagnostics, imaging and drug delivery.
关键词： Proteins,Biosensor,Metal complexes,Luminescence,Aptamer
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Label-free optical biosensor for target detection based on simulation-assisted catalyzed hairpin assembly
摘要： Taking the advantage of the high selectivity of aptamers and enzyme-free catalyzed hairpin assembly (CHA) amplification strategy, we herein describe a label-free and enzyme-free sensitive fluorescent and colorimetric strategy for amplified thrombin detection in this paper. To support both biological inquiry and technological innovation, thermodynamic models are introduced to predict the minimum energy secondary structure of interacting nucleic acid strands and calculate the partition function and equilibrium concentration for complexes in our system. Then, the thermodynamics properties of interacting DNA strands and the reactions of toehold strand displacement-driven assembly have been simulated, validating the feasibility of the theory and optimizing the follow-up lab tests. Following that, our strategy for thrombin detection is proved to be feasible and effective in biological experiments.
关键词： Computation and simulation,G-quadruplex,catalyzed hairpin assembly,fluorescence biosensor,DNA strand displacement
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Detection of Alpha-Fetoprotein in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patient Plasma with Graphene Field-Effect Transistor
摘要： The detection of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) in plasma is important in the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in humans. We developed a biosensor to detect AFP in HCC patient plasma and in a phosphate buffer saline (PBS) solution using a graphene field-effect transistor (G-FET). The G-FET was functionalized with 1-pyrenebutyric acid N-hydroxysuccinimide ester (PBASE) for immobilization of an anti-AFP antibody. AFP was detected by assessing the shift in the voltage of the Dirac point (?VDirac) after binding of AFP to the anti-AFP-immobilized G-FET channel surface. This anti-AFP-immobilized G-FET biosensor was able to detect AFP at a concentration of 0.1 ng mL?1 in PBS, and the detection sensitivity was 16.91 mV. In HCC patient plasma, the biosensor was able to detect AFP at a concentration of 12.9 ng mL?1, with a detection sensitivity of 5.68 mV. The sensitivity (?VDirac) depended on the concentration of AFP in either PBS or HCC patient plasma. These data suggest that G-FET biosensors could have practical applications in diagnostics.
关键词： alpha-fetoprotein,biosensor,graphene,hepatocellular carcinoma,field-effect transistor
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36