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Diagnostic Biosensors in Medicine- a Review
摘要： Biosensors consist of a biocatalyst that can detect a biological element and a transducer which can convert the combination event of the biocatalyst and the biological element into a detectable parameter. The biocatalyst can be biomolecules like, enzyme, DNA, RNA, metabolites, cells, oligonucleotides etc., and the transducers can be electrochemical, optical, piezoelectric, acoustics, calorimetric etc. In disease diagnostics biosensors utilizing immobilized cells, enzymes, nucleic acids have come into the field in recent years. Nanobiosensors exploiting the ultrasmall size and unique properties have also been used for engineering disease diagnostic biosensors. The use of biosensors can rapidly assess the health status, onset of the disease and its progression and can help to plan treatment for many diseases with the aid of multidisciplinary combination of chemistry, medical science and nanotechnology. The devices are cost effective, highly sensitive, rapid, user friendly and can be produced in bulk for human use. This review focuses on the different biosensors for the diagnosis of three major diseases like diabetes, cardiovascular disease and cancer.
关键词： nanobiosensors,cancer,diabetes,cardiovascular disease,disease biomarker detection,Biosensors
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Common Aspects Influencing the Translocation of SERS to Biomedicine
摘要： This review overviews the impact in biomedicine of surface enhanced Raman scattering motivated by the great potential we believe this technique has. We present the advantages and limitations of this technique relevant to bioanalysis in vitro and in vivo and how this technique goes beyond the state of the art of traditional analytical, labelling and healthcare diagnostic technologies.
关键词： early diagnosis,Biomedicine,nanoparticles,hybrid plasmonic platforms,bioanalytes,Surface-enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS),multiplexed bioanalysis,biosensors
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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A New Device Based on Interferometric Optical Detection Method for Label-Free Screening of C-Reactive Protein
摘要： In previous work, the performance of a compact and cost-effective point-of-care (PoC) device based on the increase relative optical power (IROP) methodology is reported and it is determined the enhancement in comparison with standard high-resolution spectrometry in terms of limit of detection. This paper describes a new label-free IROP-based biomedical device capable of working with low concentration of reagents and low sample volume per measurement in order to be used for screening different steps necessary in immunoassay optimization. This new approach significantly improves the sensing performance in terms of read-out signal (ΔIROP) per nanometer of biofilm in comparison with our previous work. This improvement is achieved due to the implementation of a laser as light source of the optical read-out system and the redesign of Fabry–Perot transducers by optimizing their reflectivity response and reducing their sensing area. For demonstrating the screening capability of this new PoC device in several immunoassays steps and methodologies, a C-reactive protein detection assay was carried out as a potential application and assay model. It is remarkable that only 10 μL of sample was used per measurement. This label-free IROP-based device complies an easy-to-use and cost-effective tool for immunoassays optimization in terms of performance, reagents cost, and measuring time.
关键词： C-reactive protein (CRP),label-free optical screening,immunoassays,point-of-care (PoC) devices,biosensors
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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[Micro/Nano Technologies] Micro and Nano Fabrication Technology Volume 1 || Fabrication of Metallic Nanodot Arrays
摘要： Metal nanodot arrays exhibit unique optical characteristics, and they are expected to find widespread applications in biosensors and various optical devices. In this section, simple and efficient manufacturing processes are introduced for metal nanodot arrays. These processes are based on the combination of thin metal film coatings deposited on substrates and thermal dewetting. The first process discussed herein is a conventional thermal dewetting method. With this method, it is shown that the average dot diameter can be controlled based on the chosen process conditions. The second process is based on the use of grid patterning on coated metal films. This process can allow fabrication of nanodot arrays with uniform dot diameters and achieve highly ordered alignment of dots. The third process generates a metal nanodot array based on a self-organization manner on a nanogrid-patterned substrate. It constitutes a high-productivity process based on the transfer of the metal nanodot array to an adhesive film. The basic mechanisms underlying these processes are discussed herein.
关键词： Productivity,Metal coating,Dot transfer,Surface energy,Metal nanoparticles,Agglomeration,Nano plastic forming,Optical characteristics,Grid patterning,Self-organization,Biosensors,Thermal dewetting
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Sensitive Bacterial Detection via Dielectrophoretic Enhanced Mass Transport Using Surface Plasmon Resonance Biosensors
摘要： The performance of surface plasmon resonance (SPR)-based bacterial biosensors is often compromised due to diffusion-limited mass transport of bacteria to the sensing surface. In this work, dually functional interdigitated electrodes (IDEs) were developed to sustain SPR, and increase bacterial mass transport through external application of dielectrophoresis (DEP). IDEs were defined into 50 nm thick Au films with fixed electrode gaps (EG = 5 μm) and varied electrode widths (EW = 10, 20, and 100 μm), and referred to as interdigitated SPR (iSPR) chips. The iSPR chips with EW = 100 μm can effectively support SPR, with comparable sensitivity to the conventional SPR chips. The surfaces of iSPR chips (EW = 100 μm) were modified with mannose to target the FimH adhesin of E. coli and increase cellular adhesion. An LOD of ~3.0 x 102 CFU/mL E. coli was achieved on mannosylated iSPR chips under pDEP condition, which is about five orders of magnitude improvement compared to the mannosylated conventional SPR chips without DEP. Furthermore, secondary antibody amplification enabled selective enhancement of dilute (103 CFU/mL), E. coli suspensions, while no amplification was observed for concentrated (108 CFU/mL), non-target (S. epidermidis) bacterial suspensions. The results presented here indicate a great potential of the incorporation of DEP into SPR biosensors for rapid, sensitive, and specific detection of bacteria with broad applications in the areas of biomedical diagnostics, environmental monitoring, food safety, and homeland security.
关键词： bacterial detection,dielectrophoresis,surface plasmon resonance,mass transport,biosensors
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Wireless and mobile optical chemical sensors and biosensors
摘要： This review explores the current state-of-the-art wireless and mobile optical chemical sensors and biosensors. The review is organised into three sections, each of which investigates a major class of wireless and/or mobile optical chemical sensor: (i) optical sensors integrated with a radio transmitter/transceiver, (ii) wearable optical sensors, and (iii) smartphone camera-based sensors. In each section, the specific challenges and trade-offs surrounding the (bio)chemical sensing mechanism and material architecture, miniaturisation, integration, power requirements, readout, and sensitivity are explored with detailed examples of sensor systems from the literature. The analysis of 77 original research articles published between 2007 and 2017 reveals that healthcare and medicine, environmental monitoring, food quality, and sport and fitness are the target markets for wireless and mobile optical chemical sensor systems. In particular, the current trend for personal fitness tracking is driving research into novel colourimetric wearable sensors with smartphone readout. We conclude that despite the challenges, mobile and wearable optical chemical sensor systems are set to play a major role in the sensor Internet of Things.
关键词： smartphone,chemical sensors,optical sensors,wearable,biosensors
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Plasmon Coupling Within the Multifold Nanorod Metasurface for Sensing Applications
摘要： A novel design for improving the sensing performance of localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) based nanosensors is proposed. We analyze the Fano-like coupling interaction within the multifold gold nanorod metasurface. By means of such Fano-like coupling effects, we can enhance the figure of merit (FoM) of nanosensors based on gold nanorod array by nearly one order. The main idea of our design can be easily adjusted for other nanophotonic platforms, and provides new possibilities for improving the performance of a myriad of applications, such as slow light devices, and optical switches.
关键词： metamaterials,Plasmonics,biosensors
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Single-Cell Imaging of Metastatic Potential of Cancer Cells
摘要： Molecular imaging of metastatic "potential" is an unvanquished challenge. To engineer biosensors that can detect and measure the metastatic "potential" of single living cancer cells, we carried out a comprehensive analysis of the pan-cancer phosphoproteome to search for actin remodelers required for cell migration, which are enriched in cancers but excluded in normal cells. Only one phosphoprotein emerged, tyr-phosphorylated CCDC88A (GIV/Girdin), a bona fide metastasis-related protein across a variety of solid tumors. We designed multi-modular biosensors that are partly derived from GIV, and because GIV integrates prometastatic signaling by multiple oncogenic receptors, we named them "integrators of metastatic potential (IMP)." IMPs captured the heterogeneity of metastatic potential within primary lung and breast tumors at steady state, detected those few cells that have acquired the highest metastatic potential, and tracked their enrichment during metastasis. These findings provide proof of concept that IMPs can measure the diversity and plasticity of metastatic potential of tumor cells in a sensitive and unbiased way.
关键词： GIV/Girdin,cancer cells,phosphoproteome,FRET biosensors,metastatic potential
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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[Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology] Biomimetic Medical Materials Volume 1064 (From Nanotechnology to 3D Bioprinting) || Graphene-Based Nanomaterials and Their Applications in Biosensors
摘要： Graphene has been drawing tremendous attraction since the crystal graphene had been first observed by Novoselov in 2004 based on scotch-tape method (Novoselov et al. 2004). The name of the one-atom thick 2-D material, graphene is composed of two concepts, graphite and -ene. The thickness of graphene is the separation distance of the graphite, which is 0.335 nm recording the thinnest among all the nanomaterials developed until now. Graphene is 100–300 times stronger than steel with its Young’s modulus of 0.5–1.0 TPa and intrinsic strength of 130 GPa (Lee et al. 2008). The electron mobility at room temperature is 2.5 (cid:1) 105 cm2 V(cid:3)1 s(cid:3)1 (Mayorov et al. 2011) with tis maximum current density reaching a few million times larger than copper (Liu et al. 2007). The single atom thick crystal material has high thermal conductivity of 3000 WmK(cid:3)1 (Balandin et al. 2008) and high optical transmittance of 97.7% (Nair et al. 2008). Rightly these superb properties contributed Nobel Prize for Physics in 2010 and have been widely used for applications including sensors, electronics, energies and biology.
关键词： Electrochemical Detection,Graphene,Nanomaterials,Biosensors,Quantum Dots
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Fluorescence Properties of Tb-Doped ZnO Porous Network Thin Film Grown on Monocrystalline Silicon Substrate
摘要： This research presents a new perspective on optical biosensors based on zinc oxide nanoparticles. The widely known and successfully applied nanostructured material is modified by the dopant - the green phosphor Terbium, which embedded in the structure of zinc oxide and makes a significant contribution to the fluorescent response of the material in both the UV and visible spectral regions. The effect of various dopant concentrations on the fluorescence of nanostructures was studied; the nanostructures were examined by SEM.
关键词： fluorescence,biosensors,nanostructures,zinc oxide,terbium
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36