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Adjunctive antimicrobial photodynamic therapy using methylene blue/ethanol formulation in experimental periodontitis in diabetic rats: short-term results
摘要： The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of an MB experimental formulation (ethanol 20%) in aPDT used as an adjuvant to scaling and root planing (SRP) in the periodontal treatment of diabetic rats. Forty male Wistar rats received streptozotocin-intraperitonial injections to induce diabetes. After 14 days, 5 animals were allocated in the non-ligate group (NLG), and 35 animals received ligature at the first right mandibular molar to induce periodontitis. After 7 days, the ligature was removed and the animals were randomized into 4 groups: LG (without treatment, n = 5), SRPG (SRP, n = 10), aPDTW (SRP+aPDT-MB/water, n = 10), and aPDTEt (SRP + aPDT-MB/water/ethanol/carboxymethylcellulose, n = 10). Animals were euthanized after 7 days. Data of bone loss (BL) area, degree of inflammatory cell response, and collagen fibers percentages were statistically analyzed (p < 0.05). Percentage of animals that presented mild and severe inflammatory infiltrate was 10% and 40% for SRPG, 20% and 30% for aPDTW, and 50% and 0% for aPDTEt, respectively. BL area (mm2) was statistically higher in the LG (0.39 ± 0.15) than NLG (0.05 ± 0.02). aPDTEt showed the lowest value of BL (0.08 ± 0.03), followed by aPDTW (0.21 ± 0.15) and SRPG (0.31 ± 0.18). Statistical differences were verified between aPDTEt and SRPG. In relation to the LG, aPDTEt, aPDTW, and SRPG recovered the equivalent 80%, 46%, and 20% of the BL. aPDTEt showed collagen content statistically higher than SRPG and LG, and presented higher mean values than NLG (p > 0.05). Our findings showed aPDTEt presented promising results. aPDT using MB/ethanol can have potential as an adjunctive periodontal treatment in diabetics.
关键词： Alveolar bone loss,Periodontal disease,Root planing,Phototherapy
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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A Strain Distribution Sensing System for Bone-Implant Interfaces Based on Digital Speckle Pattern Interferometry
摘要： This paper aims to provide an effective measurement method for the distribution of deformations and strains focusing on the response to external loading of bone-implant interfaces. To achieve this target, a novel speckle interference imaging method is proposed by introducing phosphate buffer saline medium, in which the samples were completely placed into a phosphate buffer saline solution medium to stable the water molecules. The stability of interferometry imaging is analyzed by using the concepts of co-occurrence matrix and moment of inertia. A series of experiments to measure load-driven deformation and strain in the bone-implant interface was carried out, and the experiments results were analyzed and discussed. It shows that the proposed method is feasible and effective for the no-contact strain measurements of biomaterials in a physiological condition. The proposed strain distribution sensing system will contribute to evaluating computational simulations and improving selection of implant designs and materials.
关键词： digital speckle pattern interferometry,speckle interference imaging,phosphate buffer saline solution,strain distribution detection,bone-implant interface
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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Effects of ultraviolet irradiation with a LED device on bone metabolism associated with vitamin D deficiency in senescence-accelerated mouse P6
摘要： Aims: This study investigated effects of narrow-range ultraviolet irradiation (UVR) by a new UV–LED device on vitamin D supply and changes of bone in senescence-accelerated mouse P6 (SAMP6) with vitamin D deficiency. Main methods: We used female SAMP6 mice as a senile osteoporotic model. We set a total of 3 groups (n ? 4 per group); D-UVRt group (vitamin D deficient–dietary and UVR), D- (vitamin D deficient–dietary), and Dt groups (vitamin D contained–dietary). Mice in the D-UVR t group were UV–irradiated (305nm) with 1 kJ/m2 twice a week for 12 weeks from 20 to 32 weeks of age. Serum 25(OH)D, 1,25(OH)2D, and micro–computed tomography (CT) were assessed over time. Mechanical test, and histological assay were performed for femurs removed at 32 weeks of age. Key findings: UVR increased both serum 25(OH)D and 1,25(OH)2D levels at 4 and 8 weeks–UVR in the D-UVRt group compared with that in the D- group (P < 0.05, respectively). Relative levels of trabecular bone mineral density in micro–CT were higher in the D-UVRt group than in the D- group at 8 weeks–UVR (P ? 0.048). The ultimate load was significantly higher in the D-UVRt group than in the D- group (P ? 0.036). In histological assay, fewer osteoclasts and less immature bone (/mature bone) could be observed in the D-UVRt group than in the D- group, significantly. Significance: UVR may have possibility to improve bone metabolism associated with vitamin D deficiency in SAMP6 mice.
关键词： Vitamin D,Musculoskeletal system,Osteoporosis,Pathology,Endocrinology,Metabolism,Bone mineral density,LED,Physiology
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Optimization of Laser Sintering for Demineralized Bone/Polycaprolactone Composite Powder for Bone Tissue Scaffold
摘要： Demineralized bone matrix (DBM) is an excellent bone scaffold material, but is available in only limited sizes. An additive manufacturing (AM) method that retains these properties while enabling customized geometry fabrication would provide bone scaffolds for a larger range of geometries while maintaining the benefits of DBM. This work examines laser sintering (LS) of a blend of demineralized bone matrix (DBM) and polycaprolactone (PCL) using a CO2 laser beam. A comprehensive experimental study was carried out to find the conditions that form defect-free layers while still retaining the favorable biological features of DBM. The results identify a process setting window over which LS can be utilized to constructing complex patient-specific scaffolds. With the identified setting, first, the DBM/PCL blend was fused in the LS machine. Parts were then were further strengthened through a post-processing heat treatment. The shrinkage level, skeletal density, mechanical testing, and porosimetry of the resultant samples were compared to traditional machined DBM blocks. The maximum tensile strength of the samples and post-processing shrinkage depends on heat treatment duration. The tensile strength measurements demonstrate that the post-processing conditions can be tuned to achieve the tensile strength of the demineralized bone strips. Evaluation of the dimensional change suggests that the shrinkage along the laser paths is ~0.3% while thickness shrinks the most (up to ~20%). The porosimetry and density studies showed that the final part achieved over 40% porosity with a density comparable to blocks of DBM.
关键词： laser sintering,porosity,tensile strength,optimization,demineralized bone matrix,shrinkage,additive manufacturing,polycaprolactone
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Effects of Novel Laser Dental Implant Microtopography on Human Osteoblast Proliferation and Bone Deposition
摘要： The aim of this study was to compare how two innovative laser titanium surfaces and sandblasted and acid-etched surfaces influence human osteoblast behavior during osteogenesis and the initial phases of bone deposition. Human osteoblasts from human adipose stem cells were sorted by flow cytometric analysis and induced to differentiate. After 40 days, the osteogenic differentiation was detected by alizarin red staining, and the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) was evaluated with western blot (WB) and real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PcR) analysis. After confluence, human osteoblasts were cultured onto two different innovative laser-obtained titanium surfaces (L1 and L2) and compared with one sandblasted and acid-etched (SBAE) surface as the control. At different times, human osteoblast behavior was evaluated with cell proliferation viability assay (MTT), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive x-rays (EDAX), osteogenic markers with RT-PcR, and WB analysis of matrix extracellular phosphoglycoprotein (MEPE), ALP, and osteocalcin (OCN). Results: After cell sorting, the human osteoblasts from human adipose stem cells showed increasing values of ALP mRNA and protein expression. The osteogenic differentiation was confirmed by quantitative alizarin red staining assay. Profilometric and SEM analysis showed relevant differences between SBAE, L1, and L2 specimens. After 20 days of culture onto titanium samples, SEM evaluation showed a small number of human osteoblasts and isolated sites of bone matrix deposition in SBAE specimens. At the same time, on L1 surfaces, only an osteoblast mono-layer with initial bone deposition was found, while on L2 specimens, there was a thick network with flattened large stellate cells, many cellular interconnections with strong titanium adhesion, and a large complex mineralized structure of crystal bone. After 20 days, for all titanium samples, human osteoblasts culturing EDAX analysis showed the absence of impurities and a higher bone matrix deposition in L2 specimens compared with L1 and SBAE samples. Conclusion: The innovative microtopography and nanotopography laser-induced surface showed high biocompatibility with primary human osteoblast cultures and the absence of impurities. The innovative laser texture was capable of influencing the osteogenic process, confirming the critical role of titanium surface characteristics in the cell adhesion and bone deposition during the early phases of osseointegration. The association of human adipose stem cells and titanium surfaces laser-induced with an innovative procedure could generate promising improvements and developments in orthopedics, maxillofacial, and dental implant surgery.
关键词： laser titanium surface,titanium dental implant,human osteoblasts,bone,osseointegration
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) in sites grafted with osteoconductive bone substitutes improves osseointegration
摘要： The aim of this study was to evaluate the osseointegration of implants placed in areas grafted with different osteoconductive bone substitutes irradiated with infrared low-level laser therapy (LLLT). Fifty-six rats were randomly allocated into 4 groups: DBB, bone defects filled with deproteinized bovine bone graft (DBB); HA/TCP, bone defects filled with biphasic ceramic made of hydroxyapatite and β-tricalcium phosphate (HA/TCP); DBB-L, bone defects filled with DBB and treated by LLLT; HA/TCP-L, bone defects filled with HA/TCP and treated by LLLT. Bone defects were performed in the tibia of each animal and filled with the different biomaterials. The grafted areas were treated with LLLT (λ 808 nm, 100 mW, ? ～ 0.60 mm) in 7 sessions with 48 h between the irradiations. After the 60-day period, the implants were placed, and the animals were euthanized after 15 and 45 days. The osseointegration and bone repair in the grafted area were evaluated by biomechanical, microtomographic and histometric analyses, and the expression of some bone biomarkers was evaluated by immunohistochemistry analysis. LLLT induced higher degree of osseointegration, which was associated with the greater expression of BMP2 and OCN. LLLT performed in areas grafted with osteoconductive bone substitutes prior to implant placement improves osseointegration.
关键词： Osseointegration,Preclinical study,Bone substitutes,Low-level laser therapy
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Laser acupuncture for refractory coccydynia after traumatic coccyx fracture
摘要： Rationale: Coccyx fracture is an injury usually caused by trauma. In most cases, the fractures recover after conservative therapy. For refractory cases that exhibit coccydynia after more than 2 months of conservative treatment, coccygectomy is indicated. However, limited information about the efficacy of this procedure is available, and it is known to have a high complication rate. As such, other therapeutic approaches are needed. Here, we report our experience using another conservative treatment option, low-level laser therapy, to successfully reduce refractory coccydynia in a patient with coccyx fracture. Patient concerns: A 23-year-old woman had refractory coccydynia and increased pain after a traffic accident-induced coccyx fracture. Diagnoses: Initially, the patient reported transient improvement after conservative treatment with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. However, the pain increased in severity (numerical rating scale score of 8) soon after she resumed work in her office, and progressed in the following 2 months. Surgical intervention was suggested owing to the prolonged coccydynia following the failure of conservative treatment and difficulties in performing daily life activities. However, she sought other conservative therapy options, because she was concerned about the risks associated with the coccygectomy surgery. Interventions: The patient received low-level laser therapy once a week, for 24 weeks. Outcomes: After 11 weeks of treatment, the patient reported significant improvements in her symptoms; her pain was reduced to a numerical rating scale score of 2 and bone healing was noted on radiographs. The patient could eventually perform her daily activities satisfactorily, without coccydynia, after 24 weeks of treatment. Lessons: Laser acupuncture produced analgesic effects in this patient with refractory coccydynia after traumatic coccyx fracture. This is the first case report to apply laser acupuncture for refractory coccydynia after traumatic coccyx fracture. Our findings imply that laser acupuncture may be a good conservative therapy option for coccyx fracture.
关键词： coccyx fracture,laser acupuncture,bone healing,coccydynia
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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PC458: Hyaluronic acid and laser in the therapy concept of periimplant inflammation - a 3-year clinical observation study
摘要： Anterior implant treatment is a difficult process for dental practitioner that requires experience and attention due to the patients’ high aesthetic and functional expectations. Following the loss of tooth severe hard and soft tissue alterations may take place. Regenerative techniques have been widely tested in various materials and clinical approaches; bone grafting alone, including autografts, allografts, xenografts and alloplasts; membrane alone, whether absorbable or not; and membrane in conjunction with grafting.
关键词： papilla reconstruction,implant dentistry,guided bone regeneration,peri-implant diseases
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Graphene oxide-driven interfacial coupling in laser 3D printed PEEK/PVA scaffolds for bone regeneration
摘要： Blending Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) with Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is promising to obtain a composite sca?old combining the excellent biomechanical properties of PEEK and the remarkable degradability of PVA. However, the weak interfacial bonding between nonpolar PEEK and polar PVA would result in poor mechanical properties. In this study, owing to its unique amphiphilic properties, graphene oxide (GO) was employed to enhance the interfacial bonding between PEEK and PVA in PEEK/PVA sca?olds that were fabricated by laser 3D printing. On the one hand, the large π-conjugated structure of GO formed strong π-π interactions with the benzene rings in PEEK. On the other hand, the oxygen-containing groups of GO formed strong hydrogen bonds with the hydroxyl groups of PVA. As a result, the interfacial free energy between PEEK and PVA decreased from 37.4 to 29.6 mJ/m2 according to the harmonic-mean rule, and the PVA phase in PEEK matrix became much ?ne and uniform, indicating a reinforced interfacial bonding. Correspondingly, the strength and modulus of PEEK/PVA sca?olds increased by 97.16% and 147.06%, respectively, for a GO loading of 1%. Furthermore, the sca?olds exhibited good hydrophilicity and degradability, and promoted cell attachment and proliferation in vitro and osteogenic di?erentiation and bone regeneration in vivo.
关键词： laser 3D printing,interfacial coupling,Graphene oxide,bone sca?old
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Fundamentals of three-dimensional Yb-fiber Nd:YAG laser machining of structural bone
摘要： This work aims to understand the fundamental aspects of the laser-bone interaction in three-dimensional laser machining of the bone through an integrated experimental-computational approach. The study introduces 3-dimensional laser machining of bones through multi-laser passes and attempts to establish the dimensional control over the laser-machined cavity through a finite element method based multi-physics computational model. A continuous wave Yb-fiber Nd:YAG laser (λ = 1064 nm) was employed with laser fluences ranging from 5:31 J/mm2 to 25:46 J/mm2 generated in combination of laser power (400 W–700 W) and machining speed (50 mm/s–250 mm/s). In multi-laser pass machining, the optimum fill spacing of 0.2 mm was identified for higher machining rates with low deviation from linearity of machined edge (d = 9 μm). This resulted in high machining rates ranging from 16:49 + 0:2 mm3/s to 45:26 + 0:66 mm3/s for a given range of laser fluence. The optimization for machining efficiency and physical attributes of the machined cavity were comprehended through thermodynamics and kinetics of the laser interaction with the bone based on the computational model for varying laser processing parameters.
关键词： bone,kinetics,Yb-fiber Nd:YAG laser,laser machining,computational model,three-dimensional,thermodynamics
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52