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Rapid Biofilm Elimination on Bone Implants Using Near‐Infrared‐Activated Inorganic Semiconductor Heterostructures
摘要： Bacterial infections often cause orthopedic surgery failures. It is hard for the immune system and antibiotics to clear bacteria adhered to implants after they form a mature biofilm, and a secondary surgery is required to remove the infected implants. To avoid this, a hybrid coating of Bi2S3@Ag3PO4/Ti is prepared to eliminate biofilm using near-infrared (NIR) light. Bi2S3 nanorod (NR) arrays are prepared on titanium (Ti) implants through hydrothermal methods, and Ag3PO4 nanoparticles (NPs) are loaded on Bi2S3 NR arrays using a stepwise electrostatic adsorption strategy. The introduction of Ag3PO4 NPs enhances the photocatalysis performances of Bi2S3, and the hybrid coating also exhibits good photothermal effects. After 808 nm light irradiation for 15 min, it shows superior bactericidal efficiency of 99.45% against Staphylococcus aureus, 99.74% against Escherichia coli in vitro, and 94.54% against S. aureus biofilm in vivo. Bi2S3@Ag3PO4/Ti also shows good cell viability compared to pure Ti. This NIR-activated-inorganic hybrid semiconductor heterojunction coating is biocompatible and could be employed to eliminate biofilm effectively, which makes it a very promising strategy for the surface modification of bone implant materials.
关键词： Bi2S3@Ag3PO4 nanorod arrays,biofilm elimination,bone implants,near-infrared photocatalysts,heterostructures
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Post‐Treatment Engineering of Vacuum‐Deposited Cs <sub/>2</sub> NaBiI <sub/>6</sub> Double Perovskite Film for Enhanced Photovoltaic Performance
摘要： Conventional biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) bioceramics are facing many challenges to meet the demands of regenerative medicine, and their biological properties are limited to a large extent due to the large grain size in comparison with nanocrystalline of natural bone mineral. Herein, this study aimed to fabricate porous BCP ceramic spheres with nanocrystalline (BCP-N) by combining alginate gelatinizing with microwave hybrid sintering methods and investigated their in vitro and in vivo combinational osteogenesis potential. For comparison, spherical BCP granules with microcrystalline (BCP-G) and commercially irregular BCP granules (BAM, BCP-I) were selected as control. The obtained BCP-N with specific nanotopography could well initiate and regulate in vitro biological response, such as degradation, protein adsorption, bone-like apatite formation, cell behaviors, and osteogenic differentiation. In vivo canine intramuscular implantation and rabbit mandible critical-sized bone defect repair further confirmed that nanotopography in BCP-N might be responsible for the stronger osteoinductivity and bone regenerative ability than BCP-G and BCP-I. Collectedly, due to nanotopographic similarities with nature bone apatite, BCP-N has excellent efficacy in guiding bone regeneration and holds great potential to become a potential alternative to standard bone grafts in bone defect filling applications.
关键词： nanocrystalline,calcium phosphate ceramic spheres,biological effect,bone regeneration,osteoinductivity
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Investigation of fast light in three-layer waveguides composed of negative-refraction claddings and an air core
摘要： MicroRNAs play important roles in osteoporosis and show great potential for diagnosis and therapy of osteoporosis. Previous studies have demonstrated that miR-146a affects osteoblast (OB) and osteoclast (OC) formation. However, these findings have yet to be identified in vivo, and it is unclear whether miR-146a is related to postmenopausal osteoporosis. Here, we demonstrated that miR-146a knockout protects bone loss in mouse model of estrogen-deficient osteoporosis, and miR-146a inhibits OB and OC activities in vitro and in vivo. MiR-146a?/? mice displayed the same bone mass as the wild type (WT) but exhibited a stronger bone turnover than the WT did under normal conditions. Nevertheless, miR-146a?/? mice showed an increase in bone mass after undergoing ovariectomy (OVX) compared with those subjected to sham operation. OC activities were impaired in the miR-146a?/? mice exposed to estrogen deficiency, which was diametrically opposite to the enhanced bone resorption ability of WT. Macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) and receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL)/osteoprotegerin (OPG) from a bone microenvironment affect this extraordinary phenomenon. Therefore, our results implicate that miR-146a plays a key role in estrogen deficiency–induced osteoporosis, and the inhibition of this molecule provides skeleton protection.
关键词： OSTEOPOROSIS,OSTEOCLASTS,BONE μCT,OSTEOBLASTS,CYTOKINES
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Photo-activated implants: a triple-blinded, split-mouth, randomized controlled clinical trial on the resistance to removal torque at various healing intervals
摘要： Objectives Hydrophilic implant surfaces promote faster osseointegration of dental implants with a higher bone-implant contact (BIC) rate. Animal and in vitro studies proved that ultraviolet (UV) irradiation of titanium implants regains hydrophilicity. Clinical impact is still unclear. The objective of this RCT was to assess the removal torque (RT) required to unfix a surface-treated implant (test group) versus the original surface implant (control group) performed at various points in time. The null hypothesis stated that test and control implants will show the same deliberation force at specific time points. Material and methods One hundred eighty partially edentulous patients were randomly assigned to six groups. In single-stage surgery, each patient received one test and one control implant. In total, 180 test and 180 control implants were placed epicrestally. Test implants received a surface treatment with UV irradiation prior to insertion, in order to reduce carbon and enhance hydrophilicity and thus wettability. Maximum RT values for test and control implants were recorded with a torque measuring device at implant placement (T1), after 1 (group 1), 2 (group 2), 3 (group 3), 4 (group 4), 6 (group 5) (T2), and 8 weeks (group 6) of healing. Subsequently, implants were returned to their original position for the continuation of the healing process. Results No implant was lost. Age, gender, smoking, implant position, and bone quality could be excluded as confounding factors because of the lack of statistical significance. At T2, RT values were higher for test implants compared with those for control implants, being statistically significant in groups 2, 3, 4, and 6 (p < 0.05). Conclusions Our data support rejection of the null hypothesis. Clinical relevance Photo-activation of the surface of titanium implants leads to higher resistance to RT forces compared with that of non-treated implants, indicating improved healing and implant stability especially in the early healing phase.
关键词： Bone to implant contact rate,Photo-activated implants,Removal torque,Hydrophilicity,healing intervals
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Study of the feeding effect on recent and ancient bovine bones by nanoparticle-enhanced laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy and chemometrics
摘要： This study aimed to exploit laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy, enhanced by nanoparticles (NELIBS), as a fast, sensitive and low-cost technique, to correlate the elemental composition of recent and ancient bovine bone with the elemental composition of the fodder that has been fed to the cattle throughout their life. Biosynthesized silver nanoparticles (BS-Ag NPs) were used to enhance the emission intensity of the spectral lines in the LIBS spectra of contemporary and ancient bovine bones and fodder samples. The ancient bones are more than 4600 years old and belong to the 3rd dynasty of the old Egyptian Kingdom. Ag NPs were biosynthesized in a simple and inexpensive manner using potato (Solanum tuberosum) extract. As a validation technique for the NELIBS results, EDX spectra were successfully used, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) clearly discriminated between recent and ancient bovine bones. Additionally, principal component analysis (PCA), as a multivariate analysis technique, was used to validate the spectroscopic data for the discrimination between different bone types, as well as between different fodders. According to the obtained results, NELIBS spectroscopy combined with PCA can be used as a reliable, accurate, and fast method for the discrimination between different bones and different fodder types as well as for the assessment of the feeding strategies of livestock. The present work demonstrated the potential of NELIBS technique combined with PCA in the interpretation of the in?uence of feeding regimes on the contemporary and archaeological bone samples.
关键词： Chemometrics,EDX,Fodder,Bone,Laser spectroscopy,Livestock
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Quantitative evaluation of osteogenesis through infrared light
摘要： Different methods are available to evaluate the degree of bone healing. A good choice involves employing optical techniques with infrared light to evaluate the progress of bone consolidation. Because infrared light is absorbed in liquids and reflected in solids, it is possible to assess bone consolidation progress using an incident light source and a coupled photo sensor. We used a 940-nm light source that is capable of reaching bone to determine the degree of bone consolidation. Five New Zealand White rabbits were used according to the NOM-062-ZOO99 standard. In each animal, a fracture was generated in the left tibia, and the fragments were fixed using an external fixator constructed with Kirschner nails and dental acrylic cement. Progress in bone consolidation was evaluated at days 7, 23, and 34 after surgery. A linear dependence was observed between the days elapsed and the reflection of the infrared light.
关键词： bone consolidation,laser diode,infrared light,animal model
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Diagnosis of simulated condylar bone defects using panoramic radiography, spiral tomography and cone-beam computed tomography: A comparison study
摘要： Objectives: Radiographic examination is one of the most important parts of the clinical assessment routine for temporomandibular disorders. The aim of this study was to compare the diagnostic accuracy of cone-beam computed tomography(CBCT) with panoramic radiography and spiral computed tomography for the detection of the simulated mandibular condyle bone lesions. Study Design: The sample consisted of 10 TMJs from 5 dried human skulls. Simulated erosive and osteophytic lesions were created in 3 different sizes using round diamond bur and bone chips, respectively. Panoramic radiography, spiral tomography and cone-beam computed tomography were used in defect detection. Data were statistically analyzed with the Mann-Whitney test. The reliability and degrees of agreement between two observers were also determined by the mean of Cohen’s Kappa analysis. Results: CBCT had a statistically significant superiority than other studied techniques in detection of both erosive and osteophytic lesions with different sizes. There were significant differences between tomography and panoramic in correct detection of both erosive and osteophytic lesions with 1mm and 1.5 mm in size. However, there were no significant differences between Tomography and Panoramic in correct detection of both erosive and osteophytic lesions with 0.5 mm in size. Conclusions: CBCT images provide a greater diagnostic accuracy than spiral tomography and panoramic radiography in the detection of condylar bone erosions and osteophytes.
关键词： Bone defect,Panoramic,CBCT,radiography,Condyle
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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PACS-Based Multimedia Imaging Informatics (Basic Principles and Applications) || PACS-Based CAD
摘要： This chapter provides step‐by‐step guidelines to develop a CAD method for bone age assessment (BAA) of children from a hand and wrist radiograph. The data collection followed the Institutional Review Board data collection guidelines, including patient anonymity, CAD development, validation, evaluation, and HIPAA compliance. These guidelines are standard procedures for developing a CAD method from incubation, development, preliminary production, to clinical evaluation site deployment.
关键词： bone age assessment,CAD,digital hand atlas,PACS,fuzzy logic
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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A combined chemical imaging approach using (MC) LA-ICP-MS and NIR-HSI to evaluate the diagenetic status of bone material for Sr isotope analysis
摘要： This paper presents a combination of elemental and isotopic spatial distribution imaging with near-infrared hyperspectral imaging (NIR-HSI) to evaluate the diagenetic status of skeletal remains. The aim is to assess how areas with biogenic n(87Sr)/n(86Sr) isotope-amount ratios may be identified in bone material, an important recorder complementary to teeth. Elemental (C, P, Ca, Sr) and isotopic (n(87Sr)/n(86Sr)) imaging were accomplished via laser ablation (LA) coupled in a split stream to a quadrupole inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-QMS) and a multicollector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (MC ICP-MS) (abbreviation for the combined method LASS ICP-QMS/MC ICP-MS). Biogenic areas on the bone cross section, which remained unaltered by diagenetic processes, were localized using chemical indicators (I(C)/I(Ca) and I(C) × 10/I(P) intensity ratios) and NIR-HSI at a wavelength of 1410 nm to identify preserved collagen. The n(87Sr)/n(86Sr) isotope signature analyzed in these areas was in agreement with the biogenic bulk signal revealed by solubility profiling used as an independent method for validation. Elevated C intensities in the outer rim of the bone, caused by either precipitated secondary minerals or adsorbed humic materials, could be identified as indication for diagenetic alteration. These areas also show a different n(87Sr)/n(86Sr) isotopic composition. Therefore, the combination of NIR-HSI and LASS ICP-QMS/MC ICP-MS allows for the determination of preserved biogenic n(87Sr)/n(86Sr) isotope-amount ratios, if the original biogenic material has not been entirely replaced by diagenetic material.
关键词： LASS ICP-QMS/MC ICP-MS,Diagenesis,Human bone remains,Near-infrared hyperspectral imaging
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Measuring heavy metal content in bone using portable X-ray fluorescence
摘要： The ability of inorganic-based analytical chemistry techniques to quantify trace amounts of heavy metals in skeletal remains has been integral for understanding health and social status in human populations. Low detection limits and the sensitivity of inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and other techniques to most elements on the periodic table are ideally suited for the quantification of lead (Pb) and other heavy metals in bone. However, the time required for sample preparation and analysis, expense, destructive analytical process, and availability of instrumentation often limit researchers’ ability to utilise these techniques for archaeological applications. This paper explores the use of portable X-ray fluorescence (XRF) instrumentation for heavy metal analysis of bone as an alternative to more traditional analytical techniques. XRF has been shown to be an extremely useful tool for archaeologists seeking to conduct quantitative analyses of cultural materials such as obsidian and metals. However, little research has been undertaken to assess the usefulness of portable XRF for measuring heavy metals found in low concentrations in archaeological bone. This paper compares data derived from ICP-MS and portable XRF analyses of bone. Results demonstrate that XRF analyses of bone are problematic due to diagenesis and variability of Pb content in bone.
关键词： LA-ICP-MS,lead,human bone,portable XRF
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36