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Optimal Imaging Parameters for Readout-segmented EPI of the Temporal Bone
摘要： Readout-segmented echo planar imaging (rs-EPI) is a form of multi-shot EPI. rs-EPI is affected less by susceptibility artifacts than single-shot EPI (ss-EPI), which is widely used for diffusion-weighted imaging, so rs-EPI is expected to produce less image distortion. In this study, we compared rs-EPI and conventional ss-EPI of the temporal bone region, which contains abundant amounts of air and frequently exhibits changes in magnetic susceptibility. In addition, we used a phantom to determine the optimum rs-EPI acquisition conditions for clinical use and investigated the clinical utility of rs-EPI in 20 patients (8 men, 12 women, mean age, 54.3 ? 16.7-years-old) with cholesteatoma (mean apparent diffusion coef?cient on ss-EPI, 0.88 ? 1013 ? 0.18 mm2/s). The images of the temporal bone region produced using rs-EPI exhibited less distortion than those obtained with ss-EPI (P < 0.05).
关键词： readout-segmented EPI (rs-EPI),temporal bone region,single-shot EPI (ss-EPI),distortion,susceptibility
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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The effects of lumbar sympathectomy on bone and soft tissue haemodynamics of the leg recorded using near infrared spectroscopy: A case report
摘要： Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is an established tool for the measurement of microvascular haemodynamics in different tissue types. This case report outlines the novel use of NIRS for measuring total oxygenation index (TOI) and relative oxygenated and deoxygenated haemoglobin concentration changes as markers of oxygenation and blood volume in muscle and bone tissue. In particular, NIRS is used to examine differences between the left and right leg in a participant who has experienced a permanent unilateral lumbar sympathectomy following an anterior lumbar intervertebral fusion. Anatomical sites at the lateral head of the gastrocnemius, tibial diaphysis and proximal tibia were investigated with NIRS during an arterial occlusion protocol at the distal femur. Consistent differences were observed between the sympathectomised left leg and the normal right leg. These included reduced baseline TOI, reduced deoxygenation rates during occlusion, and reduced reoxygenation rates post occlusion release in the sympathectomised leg at all anatomical sites. This case report demonstrates the potential of NIRS as a research tool for investigating the microvascular effects of lumbar sympathectomy. This may be useful for further investigation into the merit of chemical lumbar sympathectomy for the treatment of a variety of conditions, including hyperhidrosis and peripheral vascular disease.
关键词： Sympathectomy,Near infrared spectroscopy,Total oxygenation index,Muscle,Bone
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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Improvement in infected wound healing in type 1 diabetic rat by the synergistic effect of photobiomodulation therapy and conditioned medium
摘要： We investigated the effects of photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) and conditioned medium (CM) of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBM‐MSC) individually and/or in combination on the stereological parameters and the expression of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), hypoxia‐inducible factor (HIF‐1α), and stromal cell–derived factor‐1α (SDF‐1α) in a wound model infected with methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in diabetic rats. CM was provided by culturing hBM‐MSCs. Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) was induced in 72 rats, divided into four groups, harboring 18 rats each: group 1 served as a control group, group 2 received PBMT, group 3 received CM, and group 4 received CM + PBMT. On days 4, 7, and 15, six animals from each group were euthanized and the skin samples were separated for stereology examination and gene expression analysis by real‐time polymerase chain reaction. In the CM + PBMT, CM, and PBMT groups, significant decreases were induced in the number of neutrophils (1460 ± 93, 1854 ± 138, 1719 ± 248) and macrophages (539 ± 69, 804 ± 63, 912 ± 41), and significant increases in the number of fibroblasts (1073 ± 116, 836 ± 75, 912 ± 41) and angiogenesis (15 230 ± 516, 13 318 ± 1116, 14 041 ± 867), compared with those of the control group (2690 ± 371, 1139 ± 145, 566 ± 90, 12 585 ± 1219). Interestingly, the findings of the stereological examination in the CM + PBMT group were statistically more significant than those in the other groups. In the PBMT group, in most cases, the expression of bFGF, HIF‐1α, and SDF‐1α, on day 4 (27.7 ± 0.14, 28.8 ± 0.52, 27.5 ± 0.54) and day 7 (26.8 ± 1.4, 29.6 ± 1.4, 28.3 ± 1.2) were more significant than those in the control (day 4, 19.3 ± 0.42, 25.5 ± 0.08, 22.6 ± 0.04; day 7, 22.3 ± 0.22, 28.3 ± 0.59, 24.3 ± 0.19) and other treatment groups. The application of PBMT + CM induced anti-inflammatory and angiogenic activities, and hastened wound healing process in a T1 DM model of MRSA infected wound.
关键词： stereology,diabetes mellitus,diabetic foot ulcer,methicillin‐resistant staphylococcal aureus,low‐level laser therapy,phobiomodulation therapy,human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell‐conditioned medium,real‐time PCR,rat
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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Photofunctionalizing effects of hydroxyapatite combined with TiO <sub/>2</sub> on bone regeneration in rabbit calvarial defects
摘要： The hydrophilicity of bone graft material generally used as a carrier can play an important role in regulating bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) expression at the bone graft site. The hydrophilicity, altering physicochemical properties, and enhancing biological capabilities, can be increased via surface modi?cation through ultraviolet (UV) photofunctionalization and the effect on de novo osteogenesis could be further improved. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the effects of UV-irradiated TiO2-coated hydroxyapatite (HA) in combination with rhBMP-2 on bone regeneration in rabbit calvarial defects. The hydrophilicity of HA and TiO2-coated HA pellets was evaluated by measuring the contact angle of water droplets with UV irradiation. To compare de novo osteogenesis in rabbit calvarial defects, the rabbits were segregated into four different groups: negative control, HA, TiO2-coated HA, and TiO2-coated HA with UV; histomorphometric analysis and micro-computed tomography (μCT) imaging were performed after 4 and 8 weeks. In vivo analysis revealed that de novo osteogenesis occurred on the critical size defects in all groups and was signi?cantly increased in the TiO2-coated HA with UV group than in other groups (p < 0.05). The present results indicate that UV photofunctionalization promotes de novo osteogenesis.
关键词： hydroxyapatite,rabbit calvarial defects,ultraviolet,bone regeneration,titanium dioxide
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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Near-infrared light control of bone regeneration with biodegradable photothermal osteoimplant
摘要： Mild heat stimulation can promote the restoration of bone defects but unfortunately, the delivery of exo-hyperthermy into human body is not efficient enough. In this study, mild heat-induced osteogenesis with high efficacy is demonstrated on an osteoimplant composed of black phosphorus nanosheets and poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (BPs@PLGA) with the participation of near-infrared (NIR) light irradiation. BPs@PLGA with only 0.2 wt% BPs show the highly-efficient NIR photothermal response even when being covered by a biological tissue as thick as 7 mm. In addition, this composite is completely biodegradable and the final degradation products are harmless H2O, CO2 and PO4 3- which can serve as necessary bone ingredient. The BPs@PLGA specimen mediated by low intensity and periodic NIR irradiation can effectively up-regulate the expressions of heat shock proteins and finally promote osteogenesis in vitro and in vivo. Boasting good biodegradability and NIR-mediated osteogenetic performances, the BPs@PLGA implant has great potential in orthopedic applications and this study provides new insights into the design and fabrication of new-style osteoimplants which can be remotely controlled.
关键词： black phosphorus,tissue engineering,photothermal therapy,bone regeneration
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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Influence of Light Emitting Diode on Bone Marrow and Healing of Dermatome Wounds
摘要： The irradiation of large surfaces or whole body with light emitting diode LED λ-470 nm and λ-940 nm (LED shower) causes structural changes in bone marrow and stimulates healing of experimental dermatome wounds. The increase of migration of the bone marrow cells in derma and epithelial layers of skin indicates that LED-shower intensifies intercellular interactions and cells migration between tissues.
关键词： Bone marrow,Dermatome wounds,Light emitting diode irradiation,Morphology
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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[IEEE 2018 IEEE 7th Global Conference on Consumer Electronics (GCCE) - Nara, Japan (2018.10.9-2018.10.12)] 2018 IEEE 7th Global Conference on Consumer Electronics (GCCE) - Sensorless Contact Force Evaluation of Bone-conducted Sound Transducer by Electrical Impedance in Limited Frequency Range
摘要： A contact estimation method of bone-conducted sound transducer was evaluated with data in limited frequency ranges. The estimation method uses three-layered neural network to estimate the contact force from electrical impedance. An experiment was performed with 12 subjects to evaluate contact force estimation accuracy. The electrical impedance was measured for 300 points in a frequency range of 10 Hz to 60 kHz. For evaluating the estimation accuracy with different frequency ranges, 464 combinations of start and stop frequencies were evaluated. The result showed that it is possible to reduce the frequency range without compromise on estimation error. With the limited frequency range, the measurement time can be reduced up to 5.4% of the 10 H–60 kHz range.
关键词： bone-conducted sound transducer,contact force estimation,neural network,frequency range,electrical impedance
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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Flow cytometry for fast screening and automated risk assessment in systemic light-chain amyloidosis
摘要： Early diagnosis and risk stratification are key to improve outcomes in light-chain (AL) amyloidosis. Here we used multidimensional-flow-cytometry (MFC) to characterize bone marrow (BM) plasma cells (PCs) from a series of 166 patients including newly-diagnosed AL amyloidosis (N = 94), MGUS (N = 20) and multiple myeloma (MM, N = 52) vs. healthy adults (N = 30). MFC detected clonality in virtually all AL amyloidosis (99%) patients. Furthermore, we developed an automated risk-stratification system based on BMPCs features, with independent prognostic impact on progression-free and overall survival of AL amyloidosis patients (hazard ratio: ≥ 2.9;P ≤ .03). Simultaneous assessment of the clonal PCs immunophenotypic protein expression profile and the BM cellular composition, mapped AL amyloidosis in the crossroad between MGUS and MM; however, lack of homogenously-positive CD56 expression, reduction of B-cell precursors and a predominantly-clonal PC compartment in the absence of an MM-like tumor PC expansion, emerged as hallmarks of AL amyloidosis (ROC-AUC = 0.74;P < .001), and might potentially be used as biomarkers for the identification of MGUS and MM patients, who are candidates for monitoring pre-symptomatic organ damage related to AL amyloidosis. Altogether, this study addressed the need for consensus on how to use flow cytometry in AL amyloidosis, and proposes a standardized MFC-based automated risk classification ready for implementation in clinical practice.
关键词： bone marrow,plasma cells,light-chain amyloidosis,risk assessment,flow cytometry
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14