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Luminescent Electrochromic Devices for Smart Windows of Energy-Efficient Buildings
摘要： To address the challenges of the next generation of smart windows for energy-efficient buildings, new electrochromic devices (ECDs) are introduced. These include indium molybdenum oxide (IMO), a conducting oxide transparent in the near-infrared (NIR) region, and a NIR-emitting electrolyte. The novel electrolytes are based on a sol-gel-derived di-urethane cross-linked siloxane-based host structure, including short chains of poly (ε-caprolactone) (PCL(530) (where 530 represents the average molecular weight in g mol?1). This hybrid framework was doped with a combination of either, lithium triflate (LiTrif) and erbium triflate (ErTrif3), or LiTrif and bisaquatris (thenoyltri?uoroacetonate) erbium (III) ([Er(tta)3(H2O)2]). The ECD@LiTrif-[Er(tta)3(H2O)2] device presents a typical Er3+ NIR emission around 1550 nm. The ?gures of merit of these devices are high cycling stability, good reversibility, and unusually high coloration ef?ciency (CE = ?OD/?Q, where Q is the inserted/de-inserted charge density). CE values of ?8824/+6569 cm2 C?1 and ?8243/+5200 cm2 C?1 were achieved at 555 nm on the 400th cycle, for ECD@LiTrif-ErTrif3 and ECD@LiTrif-[Er(tta)3(H2O)2], respectively.
关键词： erbium β-diketonate complex,poly(ε-caprolatone)/siloxane hybrids,erbium triflate,lithium triflate,NIR-transparent IMO,sol–gel,zero-energy buildings,electrochromic devices
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Daylight luminous environment with prismatic film glazing in deep depth manufacture buildings
摘要： In this paper, indoor illuminance distributions with a microstructured prismatic film glazing in a deep depth manufacture space were measured. The measured illuminance data with the prismatic film glazing were compared to Radiance simulation results with a conventional glazing. This study shows that using prismatic film glazing at side windows can improve indoor illuminance levels and illuminance uniformity for inner spaces. The technology can work effectively for deep depth manufacture spaces under a clear sky but less effective under an overcast sky for improving illuminance levels and illuminance uniformity. Luminance image and glare metrics were also compared between the prismatic film glazing and conventional glazing. The angle-dependent transmittance properties of light-scattering for the prismatic films with direct sunlight present a different luminance pattern from the conventional glazing with higher peak luminance values but smaller peak luminance areas. In general, the simulated glare metrics with the prismatic film glazing presented lower DGP and DGI glare index than those with the conventional glazing. The time and orientation which may cause high glare metrics and possible discomfort glare with the prismatic film glazing in the deep depth manufacture space are also discussed.
关键词： luminous environment,glare metrics,manufacture buildings,illuminance uniformity,luminance
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Economic Analysis for Residential Solar PV Systems Based on Different Demand Charge Tariffs
摘要： It is well known that the use of photovoltaic (PV) systems helps to preserve the environment, produce lower levels of greenhouse gases (GHGs), and reduce global warming, however, whether it is economically profitable for customers or not is highly debatable. This paper aims to address this issue. To be comprehensive, three different types of buildings are considered as case studies. Then, these three buildings are modeled in EnergyPlus to determine the rate of energy consumption. Afterward, comparisons of various solar system sizes based on economic parameters such as the internal rate of return, the net present value, payback period and profitability indexing for various-sized PV systems are carried out. The results show that by the demand charge tariffs, using PV systems has no economic justification. It has been shown that even with neglecting further costs of the PV system like maintenance, by demand charge tariffs, it is not economically beneficial for customers to use the PV systems. Profitability index of all three buildings with various PV power systems is between 0.2 to 0.8, which are by no means is desirable. Moreover, it was found that bigger solar systems are less cost-effective in the presence of demand charges.
关键词： photovoltaic (PV) systems,economic analysis,energy in buildings,EnergyPlus
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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[IEEE 2018 VII. Lighting Conference of the Visegrad Countries (Lumen V4) - Trebic (2018.9.18-2018.9.20)] 2018 VII. Lighting Conference of the Visegrad Countries (Lumen V4) - The Impact of Extending the Loggia of a Precast Panel Building on Daylight and Insolation of the Apartments
摘要： Extending the loggias is currently a very popular way to increase user comfort and the market value of apartments in precast panel houses. Construction companies offer several designs, enabling expansion ranging from 20 centimetres to 2.5 meters. The aim of our research is to examine the impact of this adaptation on the apartments’ interior lighting conditions and to determine the limit width of the loggia, which does not prevent the fulfilment of the requirements for insolation and daylighting of residential buildings. The evaluated factors are, relating to the valid legislation in the Czech Republic, the sunlight duration on 1.3. and the daylighting factor D. In this article, we examine the possibilities of loggia extension on a specific example of an apartment house in Prague; build in the standard system VVU ETA. This building is located in practically ideal conditions, with a southern orientation of the loggias and without any shading obstacles. This enables us to find the ultimate limit of the loggia width, which will then be modified according to specific shading conditions.
关键词： daylighting,loggia extension,precast panel buildings,insolation
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:21
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Design and adaptability of photovoltaic air conditioning system based on office buildings
摘要： Photovoltaic (PV) air conditioning (AC) is an effective way to solve the problems of energy consumption of office buildings. In this study, a set of parameters were designed for PV AC, including PV capacity, AC parameter, and inverter parameter. Then, the parameters were applied to a 20-m2 office building, and a PV AC system test platform was built. The test lasted for one year; the corresponding data including typical daily data and annual data were collected and analyzed. The results show that the PV AC system quickly decreases or increases the room temperature by ~9.5% and 17% in 1 h of cooling and heating periods, respectively, thus maintaining the room temperature within the set temperature range of ± 0.9 °C. The data also show that by proper design of parameters, a PV AC system can satisfy the electricity demand of AC. In the cooling period, heating period, and annual operation conditions, the PV system provided 114%, 73%, and 188% of the energy for the AC system, respectively. Next, economic calculations show that PV AC is suitable for office buildings. The local payback period is only 7.5 years; both the energy saving and emission reduction are significant.
关键词： Energy saving,Design of parameters,Office buildings,Photovoltaic air conditioning,Emission reduction
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Performance analysis of photovoltaic-thermal air collectors combined with a water to air heat exchanger for renewed air conditioning in building
摘要： In this work, a new solar system that includes photovoltaic-thermal (PVT) air collectors coupled to a water-to-air heat exchanger is investigated. The considered system generates sufficient energy for cooling and heating of the ambient air injected in a 300 m2 tertiary building and saves its total energy consumption. Therefore, it allows the minimization of greenhouse gas emissions of the building. A numerical model is developed to ensure comfortable temperatures during summer and winter, including days with the highest energy needs. The results show that the proposed system can generate the required heating and cooling needs using an airflow rate equal to 0.25 kg/s and a PVT area of 17 m2. It was found that the coupling of the PVT air collectors with a water to air heat exchanger minimizes the total required area for heating by ~ 33%. Moreover, the PV module’s efficiency was enhanced by 2.0% in winter and 5.1% in summer. The thermal energy saved for heating, thermal energy saved for cooling and the electrical energy saved are, respectively, equal to 15.30 kWh/day, 24.79 kWh/day, and 3.14 kWh/day. This represents an average emission reduction of 11.4 kg CO2 per day.
关键词： Water to air heat exchanger,Energy saving,Thermal comfort in buildings,Photovoltaic air collectors,Renewable energies,Greenhouse gas emissions
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Detection of collapsed buildings due to the 2016 Kumamoto, Japan, earthquake from Lidar data
摘要： The 2016 Kumamoto earthquake sequence was triggered by an Mw 6.2 event at 21:26 on April 14. Approximately 28 hours later, at 1:25 on April 16, an Mw 7.0 event (the mainshock) followed. The epicenters of both events were located near the residential area of Mashiki town and the region nearby. Due to very strong seismic ground motion, the earthquake produced extensive damage to buildings and infrastructure. In this paper, collapsed buildings were detected using a pair of digital surface models (DSMs), taken before and after the April 16 mainshock by airborne light detection and ranging (Lidar) flights. Different methods for extracting the collapsed buildings from the data were evaluated, and the change of average elevations within a building footprint was found to be the most important feature. Finally, the distribution of collapsed buildings in the study area was presented, and the result was consistent with that of a building damage survey performed after the earthquake.
关键词： 2016 Kumamoto earthquake,Lidar,digital surface models,collapsed buildings,damage detection
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Combinations of heat pump and photovoltaics for renovated buildings
摘要： The aim of this work is the analysis of hybrid heating systems consisting of an air source heat pump, a storage tank and a photovoltaic (PV) system for the use in renovated residential buildings. The potential for decreasing the electrical energy consumption of the heat pump from the grid by targeted operation of the speed controlled compressor with electricity from PV is determined by means of dynamic system simulations in TRNSYS for a renovated single family house under the assumption that the existing radiator heating system is not replaced, and that therefore relatively high supply temperatures are necessary. Different variants were considered with regard to the size of the PV system, the storage volume and the influence of the heat emission system.
关键词： hybrid heating systems,photovoltaics,TRNSYS,renovated buildings,heat pump
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Remarkable improved solar transmission of VO2 smart windows by partial controlled oxygen plasma bombarding
摘要： The vanadium dioxide (VO2) based smart windows are developed to reduce energy consumption and improve thermal and visual comfort by controlling the solar flux entering into a building. In this paper, the solo oxygen plasma bombarding is adopted at low temperature (30 °C) for the solar transmission improvement in VO2 smart windows, which helps to overcome the constraints of destruction in toughened VO2 windows by annealing. Various oxygen flow rates were used to assist the plasma to identify the influence and mechanism in thermochromic VO2 films for the first time. The oxygen plasma treatment leads to an effective composition modulation and microstructure reconstruction in the VO2 films to create new functionalities. The conversion between VO2 and V2O5 can be controlled and maintained stable during the O2 flow range of 120–160 sccm (called stable zone). Favorable results are achieved in the stable zone compared with the untreated VO2 films, the relative improvement of luminous transmission T lum (380–780 nm) is 44%, meanwhile, the increase of T sol (380–2500 nm) is 30% with a negligible decrease of 1.5% in ΔT sol. Additionally, the solar transmission of VO2 films can be emphatically improved with preserved phase transition behaviors. It reveals that the proposed technique is simple, efficient and performed with ease in working tolerance, and can be applied widely in the VO2 smart window field.
关键词： VO2 films,Energy-saving buildings,Solar transmittance,Smart windows,Oxygen plasma
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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[IEEE 2019 Second Balkan Junior Conference on Lighting (Balkan Light Junior) - Plovdiv, Bulgaria (2019.9.19-2019.9.21)] 2019 Second Balkan Junior Conference on Lighting (Balkan Light Junior) - Photovoltaic roof systems for educational buildings
摘要： A roof photovoltaic system (PVS) for power supply to a university building is being considered. The large roof areas of these buildings make it possible to fully meet the needs of electricity and a large part of the heat demand during the autumn-winter season, the heating season. During electricity from the PV system is used to charge the rechargeable battery (RB) for lighting and to supply air-water heat pumps to the heating installation. The electricity produced during the spring-summer season is sold to the energy system. The funds received cover a large part of winter heating costs. A small lithium-ion RB is provided to align the daily load schedule. The proposed model provides minimum energy costs annually and is planned to be implemented as a training center at TU-Sofia under OPIC Operational Program, proposal "Optimization of operating costs of building lighting and heating through the use of renewable energy sources"
关键词： PV systems for educational buildings
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52