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[IEEE 2019 IEEE 46th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) - Chicago, IL, USA (2019.6.16-2019.6.21)] 2019 IEEE 46th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) - Direct Fluid Cooling of Concentrator Photovoltaics for Hybrid Photovoltaic-Solar Thermal Energy Conversion
摘要： A spectrum-splitting photovoltaic module is developed for hybrid photovoltaic-solar thermal energy conversion using direct fluid cooling (DFC) of partially transmissive concentrator photovoltaic cells. The waste heat generated in photovoltaic cells can be more efficiently extracted by flowing a heat transfer fluid in direct contact with both sides of the cells. The module also acts as a beam splitter, dividing the incident light into two parts. Photons with higher energy than the bandgap of the cells are absorbed in cells, while photons with lower energy are passed through the infrared-transmissive module to a thermal receiver. Optical modeling (experimental) shows 63.2% (34.3%) out-of-band transmittance through the cell regions and 90.4% (89.0%) full spectrum transmittance through the surrounding bypass region. Thermal modelling verifies the direct cooling fluid method is an effective way to maintain cell temperature < 110℃. Electrical power conversion efficiency in a first prototype module is 79% of the bare cell efficiency. Fluid flow characterization shows laminar flow. The modules are currently undergoing field testing.
关键词： hybrid CPV/T system,active cooling,silicone oil heat transfer fluid,CPV
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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[IEEE 2019 IEEE 46th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) - Chicago, IL, USA (2019.6.16-2019.6.21)] 2019 IEEE 46th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) - Micro-Prism Spectrum Splitting Optics for Lateral-Arrayed Multi Junction Micro CPV
摘要： A micro-prism-array based low-profile spectrum splitting optics assembly is demonstrated. The precisely-controlled physical profile via low-cost plastic molding contributes to high optical transmission. The conjugate prism design and material matching design allow efficient spectrum splitting while introducing minimal beam deflection. This optics provides a cost-effective module assembly enabling high performance, lateral-arrayed multi-junction micro CPV modules.
关键词： multi-junction cells,spectrum splitting,lateral structure,optics,micro-CPV
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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A CMOS-Based Energy Harvesting Approach for Laterally Arrayed Multibandgap Concentrated Photovoltaic Systems
摘要： This article presents an energy harvesting approach for a concentrated photovoltaic (CPV) system based on cell-block-level integrated CMOS converters. The CPV system, built upon the laterally arrayed multibandgap (LAMB) cell structure, is a potentially higher-efficiency and lower-cost alternative to traditional tandem-based systems. The individual cells within a sub-module block are connected for approximate voltage matching, and a multi-input single-output (MISO) buck converter harvests and combines the energy while performing maximum power point tracking (MPPT) locally for each cell type. A miniaturized MISO dc–dc prototype converter operating at 10 MHz is developed in a 130 nm CMOS process. For 45–160-mW power levels, the prototype converter achieves >92% nominal and >95% peak efficiency in a small (4.8 mm2) form factor designed to fit within available space in a LAMB PV cell block. The results demonstrate the potential of the LAMB CPV architecture for enhanced solar energy capture.
关键词： concentrated photovoltaic (CPV) systems,CMOS dc–dc power converters,energy harvesting,multi-input single-output (MISO) dc–dc converter,maximum power point tracking (MPPT)
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Small scale optimization in crystalline silicon solar cell on efficiency enhancement of low-concentrating photovoltaic cell
摘要： Compared with conventional silicon solar cell, concentrating photovoltaic cell has a higher incident illumination intensity and non-uniform illumination intensity distribution. There is a close relationship between the illumination intensity and the resistance and shading losses of front metal fingers. In this paper, according to the non-uniformity of the illumination distribution formed by the concentrator, the effects of different finger numbers and spacing on the performance of low-concentrating photovoltaic cells were studied. First, low-concentrating photovoltaic cell modules with different finger numbers and spacing were established, and efficiency of these modules was compared to determine the optimal finger numbers and spacing of the front metal fingers. Then, effects of the shading losses, finger resistance and lateral spreading resistance on the performance of the low-concentrating photovoltaic cell were analyzed. Results show that for the specific illumination intensity distribution of the low-concentrating photovoltaic cell when the numbers and spacing of the front metal fingers are optimized, efficiency of the low-concentrating photovoltaic cell can be increased from 13.805% to 13.837%. Additionally, it can be concluded that the optimization of the number and spacing of the front metal fingers in the crystalline silicon solar cell is an efficient way to improve the electrical performance of the concentrating photovoltaic cell.
关键词： Fingers,Enhanced efficiency,low-concentrating photovoltaic (CPV) Cell,crystalline silicon
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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AIP Conference Proceedings [AIP Publishing 15th International Conference on Concentrator Photovoltaic Systems (CPV-15) - Fes, Morocco (25–27 March 2019)] 15th International Conference on Concentrator Photovoltaic Systems (CPV-15) - Why and how does car-roof PV create 50 GW/year of new installations? Also, why is a static CPV suitable to this application?
摘要： With this car-roof PV, 70 % of passenger’s may be able to run by solar energy. The potential of the market size is 50 GW/year. However, it is not an easy task to meet the requirement of the main component of EV and the creation of the massive market. It is also apparent that the market will be small as far as we only try to apply the conventional crystalline Si cells. The CPV technology with high power conversion efficiency and capable of coloring and covering on the three-dimensional curved surface is suitable for this market. The static CPV is useful for this application with a better collection of diffused sunlight. One of the problems is the spectrum mismatching. However, this issue is easily solved by adjustment of the bandgap of the bottom cell.
关键词： car-roof PV,multi-junction cells,solar energy,electric vehicles,static CPV
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Design method of a compact static nonimaging concentrator for portable photovoltaics using parameterisation and numerical optimisation
摘要： Portable solar chargers are one of the technologies that can help to achieve universal access to electricity by 2030. However, the large number of solar photovoltaic devices required and their short life-span make achieving this goal a resource and energy intensive process. To reduce the embodied energy, the embodied carbon and the human and eco-toxicity potential of portable solar chargers, solar photovoltaic concentrators can be used. This paper proposes a new nonimaging solar photovoltaic concentrator design which has material efficiency, portability and off-grid use as its main feature. The main contribution of this paper is the design method of the new 3D nonimaging concentrator containing the parametric equation of the concentrator surfaces and the numeric optimisation of the design parameters. The developed optimisation program is based on genetic algorithms which parameters were determined experimentally in this paper. The concentrator design achieved with this method is 43% less material intensive than the most compact nonimaging solar concentrator available in literature. This design approach can be used to find concentrator designs with specific volumes, heights, concentration ratios, acceptance angles and optical efficiency. It is therefore a step towards more material efficient and more sustainable nonimaging concentrators as well as more sustainable portable solar photovoltaic systems.
关键词： Nonimaging concentrator,Numerical optimization,Portable solar,Sustainable solar photovoltaics,CPV
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Research on Grid Parity Predictions of Centralized Photovoltaic Electricity
摘要： Over the past decade, the photovoltaic (PV) industry in China has made great progress. However, this progress benefited from a series of subsidy policies, and with the continuous enlargement of the scale of centralized PV (CPV), the large subsidies have created great pressure on government finance, so achieving grid parity in CPV electricity is an urgent matter. This paper studies the grid parity of CPV electricity. First, this paper calculates the levelized cost of energy (LCOE) of CPV electricity. Second, using historical data and a dual learning curve, the paper predicts the LCOE of CPV electricity under scenarios with different resource zones and utilization times. Third, the paper predicts the LCOE of coal-fired electricity and draws conclusions based on changes in the price of coal and charcoal. Finally, the paper predicts when grid parity in CPV electricity in different resources areas will be achieved.
关键词： learning curve,centralized photovoltaic electricity (CPV),levelized cost of energy (LCOE),grid parity
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Optimization and performance analysis of a solar concentrated photovoltaic-thermoelectric (CPV-TE) hybrid system
摘要： This work presents, for the first time, a statistical model to forecast the electrical efficiency of concentrated photovoltaic-thermoelectric system (CPV-TE). The main objective of this work is to analyze the impact of the input factors (product of solar radiation and optical concentration, external load resistance, leg height of TE and ambient temperature) most affecting the electrical efficiency of CPV-TE system. An innovative and integrated approach based on a multi-physics numerical model coupling radiative, conductive and convective heat transfers Seebeck and photoelectrical conversion physical phenomena inside the CPV-TE collector and a response surface methodology (RSM) model was developed. COMSOL 5.4 Multiphysics software is used to perform the three-dimensional numerical study based on finite element method. Furthermore, results from the numerical model is then analysed using the statistical tool, response surface methodology. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) is conducted to develop the quadratic regression model and examine the statistical significance of each input factor. The results reveal that the obtained determination coefficient for electrical efficiency is 0.9945. An excellent fitting is achieved between forecast values obtained from the statistical model and the numerical data provided by the three-dimensional numerical model. The influence of the parameters in order of importance on the electrical efficiency are respectively: product of solar radiation and optical concentration, the height legs of TE, external electrical resistance load, and ambient temperature. A simple polynomial statistical model is created in this work to predict and maximize the electrical efficiency from the solar CPV-TE system based on the four investigated input parameters. The maximum electrical efficiency of the proposed CPVTE (17.448%) is obtained for optimum operating parameters at 229.698 W/m2 value of product of solar radiation and optical concentration, 303.353 K value of ambient temperature, 2.681Ω value of resistance electrical load and at 3.083 mm value of height of TE module.
关键词： Concentrated photovoltaic-thermoelectric system (CPV-TE),Electrical efficiency enhancement,Response surface methodology (RSM)
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Solar Panels and Photovoltaic Materials || Multicell Design for Concentrated Photovoltaic (CPV) Module
摘要： Despite its highest efficiency, concentrated photovoltaic (CPV) technology is still finding its way into the current photovoltaic market which is saturated with conventional flat-plate photovoltaic systems. CPV systems have a great performance potential as they utilize third-generation multi-junction solar cells. In the CPV system, the main aspect is its concentrating assembly design which affects not only its overall performance but also its operation and fabrication. Conventional CPV design targets to use individual solar concentrator for each solar cell. The main motivation of this chapter is to propose a novel concentrating assembly design for CPV that is able to handle multiple solar cells, without affecting their size, using single solar concentrator. Such proposed design, named as multicell concentrating assembly (MCA), will not only reduce the assembly efforts during CPV module fabrication, but it will also lower the overall system cost with simplified design. In this chapter, a detailed design methodology of multicell concentrating assembly (MCA) for CPV module is presented and developed with complete verification through ray tracing simulation and field experimentation.
关键词： homogenizer,CPV,concentrator photovoltaic,multi-junction solar cell,novel concentrator
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Temperature Accelerated Life Test and Failure Analysis on Upright Metamorphic Ga <sub/>0.37</sub> In <sub/>0.63</sub> P/Ga <sub/>0.83</sub> In <sub/>0.17</sub> As/Ge Triple Junction Solar Cells
摘要： A temperature accelerated life test on Upright Metamorphic Ga0.37In0.63P/Ga0.83In0.17As/Ge triple‐junction solar cells has been carried out. The acceleration has been accomplished by subjecting the solar cells to temperatures (125, 145 and 165°C) significantly higher than the nominal working temperature inside a concentrator (90°C), while the nominal photo‐current (500×) has been emulated by injecting current in darkness. The failure distributions have been fitted to an Arrhenius–Weibull model resulting in an activation energy of 1.39 eV. Accordingly, a 72 years warranty time for those solar cells for a place like Tucson (AZ, USA), was determined. After the ALT, an intense characterization campaign has been carried out in order to determine the failure origin. We have detected that temperature soak alone is enough to degrade the cell performance by increasing the leakage currents, the series resistance, and the recombination currents. When solar cells were also forward biased an increase of series resistance together with a reduction of short circuit current is detected. The failure analysis shows that: a) several metallization sub‐products concentrate in several regions of front metal grid where they poison the silver, resulting in a two times reduction of the metal sheet resistance; b) the metal/cap layer interface is greatly degraded and there is also a deterioration of the cap layer crystalline quality producing a huge increase of the specific front contact resistance, c) the decrease of short circuit current is mainly due to the GaInP top subcell degradation.
关键词： CPV,upright metamorphic solar cells,triple‐junction solar cells,solar cell reliability,failure analysis
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52