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Laser markability of PVC coated automotive electric cables
摘要： This article describes the test results for laser markability of automotive electrical cables. The insulation is PVC, but the colour and construction of the insulations are different. Two types of laser workstations were used, one with a wavelength of 1064 nm and another with 532 nm. The penetration depth of the laser beam was determined by optical microscopy on cross sections. The 1064 nm laser beam can mark all investigated materials with good contrast, except the yellow insulation. The 532 nm laser beam with fast speed can hardly produce contrast with any of the materials. The laser markability of the yellow insulation was found to be the most problematic. On the two-layer insulation, despite the whitening of the inner material, dark marking is produced because the heat developing on the interface of the two layers will heat up and carbonize the transparent layer.
关键词： PVC coated cable,materials testing,industrial application,laser markability
更新于2025-11-21 11:18:25
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Influence of the intramolecular donor-acceptor distance on the performance of double-cable polymers
摘要： A series of double-cable polymers PFT-C4-PDI, PFT-C6-PDI and PFT-C8-PDI, composed of the poly(fluorene-alt-thiophene) (PFT) backbone, the perylene diimide (PDI) pendants and the length-various (four-, six- and eight-carbon) covalent alkoxy linkers, were presented. The backbone polymer chain created the hole-transporting channel and the inner-chain aggregation of PDI units created the electron-transporting channel, but the aggregation became weaker along with the longer linker, as proven by the UV-Vis absorption and fluorescence quenching. The polymers were non-conducting, but functioned as efficient compatibilizers. The doping of the polymers induced the formation of the bi-continuous networks inside P3HT:PCBM blends, facilitated photo-generated exciton dissociation and charge transporting. PFT-C4-PDI more efficiently increased the absorption coefficient and the charge-carrier mobility of the P3HT:PCBM film. The power conversation efficiency (PCE) of the P3HT:PCBM bulk-heterojunction solar cells with 3 wt% PFT-C4-PDI, PFT-C6-PDI and PFT-C8-PDI doping were improved by 16.9%, 9.2% and 8.0%, respectively, relative to the non-doped reference device.
关键词： Structure-property relationships,Energy transfer,Double-cable polymer,Polymer solar cells,Bi-continuous networks
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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[IEEE 2018 IEEE International Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (I2MTC) - Houston, TX (2018.5.14-2018.5.17)] 2018 IEEE International Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (I2MTC) - Multi-core cable fault diagnosis using cluster time-frequency domain reflectometry
摘要： Guaranteeing the integrity and functionality of the control and instrumentation (C&I) cable system is essential in ensuring safe nuclear power plant (NPP) operation. When a fault occurs in a multi-core cable, it not only affects the signals of faulty lines but in fact, disturbs the rest as well due to crosstalk and noise interference. Therefore, this results in C&I signal errors in NPP operation and further leads to a rise in concern regarding the NPP operation. Thus, it is necessary for diagnostic technologies of multi-core C&I cables to classify the faulty line and detect the fault to assure the safety and reliability of NPP operation. We propose a diagnostic method that detects the fault location and faulty line in multi-core C&I cable using a clustering algorithm based on TFDR results. The faulty line detection clustering algorithm uses TFDR cross-correlation and phase synchrony results as input feature data altogether which can detect the faulty line and identify the fault point successfully. The proposed clustering algorithm is verified by experiments with two possible fault scenarios in NPP operation.
关键词： fault diagnosis,reflectometry,control and instrumentation cable,K-means clustering,crosstalk,time-frequency analysis
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Subsea Cable Condition Monitoring with Distributed Optical Fibre Vibration Sensor
摘要： A novel subsea cable condition monitoring technique based on embedded optical fibre inside the cable is demonstrated. It is shown that a distributed optical fibre vibration sensor can be used to map dynamic strains all along the cable simultaneously. It is experimentally shown that such system can fully quantify the location and strain level at each point on the cable as a function of time for both abrupt impact and cyclical loading. The sensing system demonstrated a spatial and strain resolution of 1m and 4με, respectively, over a 10km sensing range.
关键词： Offshore wind farm,Cable fault monitoring,Subsea cable monitoring,Distributed Vibration Sensor (DVS),Submarine cable installation,Distributed Acoustic Sensor (DAS)
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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[IEEE 2018 IEEE 2nd International Conference on Dielectrics (ICD) - Budapest (2018.7.1-2018.7.5)] 2018 IEEE 2nd International Conference on Dielectrics (ICD) - Effect of Interfacial Pressure on Electrical Tree between XLPE and Silicone Rubber
摘要： XLPE and silicone rubber (SIR) have been widely used in power cables and accessories for their excellent mechanical and electrical performance. However, the interface between them in accessories remains one of the weakest parts in the cable system. Electrical treeing is an important destructive factor for HV insulation structures, and it always leads to final breakdown. Therefore, it is essential to investigate the effects of interfacial pressure on electrical tree. In this paper, tests were carried out by pressing XLPE and SIR samples together under different interfacial pressures with a specific pressing device. AC voltage was applied on a pair of pin-plane electrodes placed at the interface. The pin-plane distance was 2 mm. The needle diameter was 0.25 mm and the tip curvature radius was (10±1) μm. Under different interfacial pressures, the voltages for electrical trees to initiate were recorded and statistically analyzed. Meanwhile, the tree morphology and breakdown channel were also captured by using a digital micro-imaging system. The results show that at a low interfacial pressure of 50 kPa, no electrical trees can be observed. Instead, discharge light can be seen at the interface. As the interfacial pressure increases, electrical tree begins to appear. It is found that at 75 kPa, electrical tree initiates and grows, which finally leads to a severe breakdown along the interface. While at pressures above 100 kPa, electrical tree tends to grow into SIR side, and the breakdown channel is slender, only observed in the SIR. Besides, the electrical tree initiation voltage increases with the increase of the interfacial pressure. It indicates that a high interfacial pressure can effectively delay the initiation of electrical trees, and for the two materials that constitute the interface, XLPE seems to have a better electrical treeing endurance than the SIR.
关键词： interfacial pressure,silicone rubber,electrical tree,XLPE cable accessory
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Design of Real-Time Slope Monitoring system using Time-Domain Reflectometry with Wireless Sensor Network
摘要： Slope monitoring systems using WSN is an efficient technique to track slope movements or failures. Instability in slope contributes greatly in hazards caused to lives and property in mining areas and operations. Electronic instrumentation like wire-line extensometers, piezometers, total stations etc. are used for sensing the slope stability. The available wireless monitoring systems like SSR, LiDAR, Laser monitoring techniques are more expensive. In order to overcome this, efficient and economically feasible measurement systems for slope monitoring are needed. This paper presents the design, development and field implementation of an online, cost-effective wireless system for real-time slope monitoring which gives visible warning of a possible slope failure. The system is designed on Arduino board as a platform with RF module (ZigBee) for wireless communication. Additionally, using python the database and GUI are implemented. The experimental field TDR data is also verified with the total station monitoring system.
关键词： ZigBee,slope monitoring,time domain reflectometry (TDR),Coaxial cable,wireless sensor network (WSN)
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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[IEEE 2018 International Conference on Diagnostics in Electrical Engineering (Diagnostika) - Pilsen (2018.9.4-2018.9.7)] 2018 International Conference on Diagnostics in Electrical Engineering (Diagnostika) - PD Inception and Electrical Treeing of Silicone Rubber at DC Voltage Using Electrical and Optical Measurement Equipment
摘要： This study aims on the detection of PD inception voltage and tree growth in silicone rubber under DC conditions, using a fluorescent silicone fiber sensor in combination with an optical converter and the PD measuring system as well as a camera. A typical PD source was used and embedded in model samples made of transparent silicone rubber. By means of time synchronous optical and electrical measurements at positive and negative DC voltages, the results contribute to a better understanding of the degradation of silicone rubber in DC cable accessories.
关键词： silicones,optical PD detection,electrical treeing,partial discharges,electrical PD detection,cable accessories,insulation
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Soil Temperature Variability in Complex Terrain Measured Using Fiber-Optic Distributed Temperature Sensing
摘要： Soil temperature (Ts) exerts critical controls on hydrologic and biogeochemical processes, but the magnitude and nature of Ts variability in a landscape setting are rarely documented. Fiber-optic distributed temperature sensing (DTS) systems potentially measure Ts at high density across a large extent. A fiber-optic cable 771 m long was installed at a depth of 10 cm in contrasting landscape units (LUs) defined by vegetative cover at Upper Sheep Creek in the Reynolds Creek Experimental Watershed (RCEW) and Critical Zone Observatory in Idaho. The purpose was to evaluate the applicability of DTS in remote settings and to characterize Ts variability in complex terrain. Measurement accuracy was similar to other field instruments (±0.4°C), and Ts changes of approximately 0.05°C at a monitoring spatial scale of 1 m were resolved with occasional calibration and an ambient temperature range of 50°C. Differences in solar inputs among LUs were strongly modified by surface conditions. During spatially continuous snow cover, Ts was practically homogeneous across LUs. In the absence of snow cover, daily average Ts was highly variable among LUs due to variations in vegetative cover, with a standard deviation (SD) greater than 5°C, and relatively uniform (SD < 1.5°C) within LUs. Mean annual soil temperature differences among LUs of 5.2°C was greater than those of 4.4°C associated with a 910-m elevation difference within the RCEW. In this environment, effective Ts simulation requires representation of relatively small-scale (<20 m) LUs due to the deterministic spatial variability of Ts.
关键词： landscape units,complex terrain,vegetative cover,fiber-optic cable,snow cover,spatial variability,Soil temperature,distributed temperature sensing
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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[IEEE 2019 IEEE Asia-Pacific Microwave Conference (APMC) - Singapore, Singapore (2019.12.10-2019.12.13)] 2019 IEEE Asia-Pacific Microwave Conference (APMC) - Embedded circularly polarized waveguide antenna based on quartz dielectric
摘要： This paper presents an optimal RC ladder-type equivalent circuit for the representation of the soil for dynamic thermal rating of underground cable installations. This is useful and necessary for their optimal and accurate real-time operation. The model stems from a nonuniform discretization of the soil into layers. The resistive and capacitive circuit elements are computed from the dimensions and physical parameters of the layers. The model is perfectly compatible with the International Electrotechnical Commission thermal–electric analog circuits for cables. The optimum model order is determined, for fast and slow thermal transients, from a comprehensive parametric study. It is shown that an exponential distribution of the soil layers leads to accurate results with differences of less than 0.5 ?C with respect to transient finite-element simulations. An optimal model with only five layers that delivers accurate results for all practical installations and for all time scenarios is presented. The model of this paper is a simple-to-use and accurate tool to design and analyze transient operation of underground cables. It represents a relevant improvement to the available operation and monitoring tools. For illustration purposes, a step-by-step model construction example is given. The model has been validated against numerous dynamic finite-element simulations.
关键词： Soil modeling,Cable thermal rating,Underground cable installations,Transient ratings,Ampacity,Dynamic ratings
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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[IEEE 2019 IEEE 15th International Conference on Automation Science and Engineering (CASE) - Vancouver, BC, Canada (2019.8.22-2019.8.26)] 2019 IEEE 15th International Conference on Automation Science and Engineering (CASE) - Monitoring of a sampled process data under Run-to-Run control: application to a semiconductor process
摘要： Cabled ocean observatory systems that provide abundant power and broad bandwidth communication enabling undersea science have been evolving during the last decade. To establish such permanent infrastructure in the ocean, the technology of cable network switching and fault isolation with very high reliability is essential. In this paper, we review existing switching methods as applied to a constant voltage tree topology network. We propose an actively controllable method that can configure each branch of the network only by changing the feeding current; the current level implicitly conveys the switching information. A laboratory prototype demonstrated the features of backbone switching with zero current and low voltage (less than 20 V), and active controllability of the switch.
关键词： constant current,Cable switching,ocean observation network,high voltage
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57