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In vivo theranostics with near-infrared-emitting carbon dots—highly efficient photothermal therapy based on passive targeting after intravenous administration
摘要： Carbon dots that exhibit near-infrared fluorescence (NIR CDs) are considered emerging nanomaterials for advanced biomedical applications with low toxicity and superior photostability and targeting compared to currently used photoluminescence agents. Despite progress in the synthesis of NIR CDs, there remains a key obstacle to using them as an in vivo theranostic agent. This work demonstrates that the newly developed sulfur and nitrogen codoped NIR CDs are highly efficient in photothermal therapy (PTT) in mouse models (conversion efficiency of 59%) and can be readily visualized by photoluminescence and photoacoustic imaging. The real theranostic potential of NIR CDs is enhanced by their unique biodistribution and targeting. Contrary to all other nanomaterials that have been tested in biomedicine, they are excreted through the body’s renal filtration system. Moreover, after intravenous injection, NIR CDs are accumulated in tumor tissue via passive targeting, without any active species such as antibodies. Due to their accumulation in tumor tissue without the need for intratumor injection, high photothermal conversion, excellent optical and photoacoustic imaging performance, and renal excretion, the developed CDs are suitable for transfer to clinical biomedical practice.
关键词： Theranostics,Photoacoustic imaging,Carbon dots,Near-infrared fluorescence,Photothermal therapy
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Multipurpose sensing applications of biocompatible radish-derived carbon dots as Cu2+ and acetic acid vapor sensors
摘要： A recent trend in the preparation of carbon dots, an optically unique nanomaterials, revolves around the use of readily-available, low-cost natural resources as precursors and their multipurpose applications. In this work, a hydrothermal method for preparing biocompatible carbon dots from radish was developed. The carbon dots were then tested for sensing of Cu2+ and acetic acid vapor. The carbon dots exhibited blue emission under UV illumination with, a quantum yield of 15%. The fluorescence emission was selectively quenched when Cu2+ ions were added, giving a detection limit of 0.16 μM. A paper-based fluorescent sensor was fabricated and shown to sense Cu2+ with a limit of detection of 6.8 μM. The carbon dots were able to determine the Cu2+ concentration in real water samples, with excellent recovery and reliability. The carbon dots were also used as the sensing material in an optical electronic nose, and tested for real-time detection of acetic acid vapor. Using principal component analysis, different ratios of acetic acid to methanol in solution were successfully identified with a detection limit of 15.5%. The acetic acid concentration in a real vinegar sample was also accurately determined. Our results demonstrated that label-free carbon dots derived from readily available radish can be simply used as versatile probes, giving them potential uses in multipurpose sensing applications.
关键词： Radish,Hydrothermal,Carbon dots,Vapor sensor,Cu2+ sensor
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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Fluorometric determination of hydroquinone by using blue emitting N/S/P-codoped carbon dots
摘要： N/S/P-codoped carbon dots (CDs) are shown to be a viable fluorescent probe in a turn-off-on fluorometric assay for hydroquinone (HQ). The preparation of CDs was carried out using a one-step hydrothermal reaction starting with glyoxal and isocarbophos. The method is based on the formation of ground state complexes between CD and Fe(III) which leads to quenching of blue fluorescence (with excitation/emission peaks at 363/448 nm). On addition of HQ, it will be oxidized by Fe(III) upon which fluorescence recovers. This turn-off-on system can be utilized to quantify HQ. A linear relationship exists between fluorescence recovery and HQ concentration in range between 0.56 and 375 μM. The limit of detection is 0.16 μM. The assay was successfully applied to the determination of HQ in spiked water samples and developer samples.
关键词： Developer samples,Blue emission,1,4-dihydroxybenzene,Glyoxal,Fluorescence turn-off-on system,Heteroatoms,Carbon dots,Water samples,Hydrothermal reaction,Fe(III)
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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Fluorescent Metal-Doped Carbon Dots for Neuronal Manipulations
摘要： There is a growing need for biocompatible nanocomposites that may efficiently interact with biological tissues through multiple modalities. Carbon dots (CDs) could serve as biocompatible fluorescence nanomaterials for targeted tissue/cell imaging. Important goals toward this end are to enhance the fluorescence quantum yields of the CDs and to increase their targetability to cells. Here, sonochemistry was used to develop a one-pot synthesis of CDs, including metal-doped CDs (M@CDs), demonstrating how various experimental parameters, such as sonication time, temperature, and power of sonication affect the size of the CDs (2–10 nm) and their fluorescence properties. The highest measured quantum yield of emission was ~16%. Similarly, we synthesized CDs doped with different metals (M@CDs) including Ga, Sn, Zn, Ag, and Au. The interaction of M@CDs with neuron-like cells was examined and showed efficient uptake and low cytotoxicity. Moreover, the influence of the M@CDs on the improvement of neurites during initiation and elongation growth phases were compared with pristine CDs. Our research demonstrates the use of M@CDs for imaging and for neuronal interactions. The M@CD nanocomposites are promising due to their biocompatibility, photo-stability and potential selective affinity, paving the way for multifunctional biomedical applications.
关键词： sonication,neurite outgrowth,biocompatibility,metal-doped carbon dots,neural tissue engineering,fluorescence
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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Multistage delivery of CDs-DOX/ICG-loaded liposome for highly penetration and effective chemo-photothermal combination therapy
摘要： Nanoparticles (NPs) have proven to be effective drug carriers in diagnosis and therapy of cancer. But, they faced a contradictory issue that NPs with large size appear weak tumor penetration, meanwhile small size resulted in poor tumor retention. Herein, we fabricated doxorubicin conjugated carbon dots (CDs-DOX) and indocyanine green (ICG)-loaded liposomes (ICG-LPs) named CDs-ICG-LPs using a modified reverse phase evaporation process, and with high incorporation in the aqueous core. The CDs-ICG-LPs exhibited good monodispersity, excellent fluorescence/size stability, and consistent spectra characteristics compared with free ICG or DOX. Moreover, the CDs-ICG-LPs showed higher temperature response, faster DOX release under laser irradiation. In the meantime, the fluorescence of DOX and ICG in CDs-ICG-LPs was also visualized for the process of subcellular location in vitro. In comparison with chemo or photothermal treatment alone, the combined treatment of CDs-ICG-LPs with laser irradiation synergistically induced the apoptosis and death of DOX-sensitive HepG2 cells. In vivo antitumor activities demonstrated CDs-ICG-LPs could reach higher antitumor activity compared with CDs-DOX and ICG-LPs for H22 tumor cells, and suppressed H22 tumor growth in vivo. Notably, no systemic toxicity occurrence was observed after repeated dose of CDs-ICG-LPs with laser irradiation. Hence, the well-defined CDs-ICG-LPs exhibited great potential in targeting cancer imaging and chemo-photothermal therapy.
关键词： highly penetration,indocyanine green,chemo-photothermal,doxorubicin,liposome,Carbon dots
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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Dual-emitting film with cellulose nanocrystal-assisted carbon dots grafted SrAl2O4, Eu2+, Dy3+ phosphors for temperature sensing
摘要： In this study, we synthesized a novel dual-emitting fluorescent phosphor from cellulose nanocrystal (CNC)-assisted carbon dots (CDs)-grafted SrAl2O4, Eu2+, Dy3+ (SAO) through a facile core-shell process. The CNC-CDs-coated SAO presents excellent scattered dual-emission and improved water resistance without destruction of the SrAl2O4 crystals. The phosphors were then reacted with coupling amino-silane and assembled with nanofibrillated cellulose skeletons to create flexible isotropic films. The obtained phosphors and hybrid films were characterized via electron microscopy, photoluminescence analysis, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The results demonstrate that the optical signals of phosphors can be controlled by CDs content. The assembled cellulose films exhibit strong temperature responses, high light-induced scattering, and good flexibility. The luminescent emission of films is highly sensitive to surrounding temperature variation (243 to 383 K) and good linearity behavior was obtained for such a sensitive sensor. Such flexible nanofibrillated cellulose films are excellent candidates for temperature sensor devices in industrial applications.
关键词： Cellulose,fluorescence,film,carbon dots,temperature
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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Porous Silicon Bragg Reflector/Carbon Dot Hybrids: Synthesis, Nanostructure, and Optical Properties
摘要： Carbon dots (C-dots) exhibit unique fluorescence properties, mostly depending upon their physical environments. Here we investigate the optical properties and nanostructure of Carbon dots (C-dots) which are synthesized in situ within different porous Silicon (PSi) Bragg reflectors. The resulting hybrids were characterized by photoluminescence, X-ray photoelectron, and Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopies, as well as by confocal and transmission electron microscopy. We show that by tailoring the location of the PSi Bragg reflector photonic bandgap and its oxidation level, the C-dots emission spectral features can be tuned. Notably, their fluorescence emission can be significantly enhanced when the high reflection band of the PSi host overlaps with the confined C-dots’ peak wavelength, and the PSi matrix is thermally oxidized at mild conditions. These phenomena are observed for multiple compositions of PSi Bragg reflectors/C-dots hybrids.
关键词： optical properties,fluorescence,Fabry–Pérot,Bragg reflectors,porous silicon,photoluminescence,carbon dots
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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AIP Conference Proceedings [Author(s) 6TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PRODUCTION, ENERGY AND RELIABILITY 2018: World Engineering Science & Technology Congress (ESTCON) - Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (13–14 August 2018)] - Investigation of optical and electrical properties of nitrogen- and boron-doped carbon dots films
摘要： The optical properties of two types of carbon dots (CDs) doped by nitrogen and boron atoms and the electrical properties of ?lms from the obtained CDs in a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) matrix were investigated. Synthesis of CDs was carried out using the hydrothermal treatment method. The resulting CDs have a crystalline structure with functional groups on the edges and surface (lateral sizes of CDs is vary in the range of ～7 ?28 nm). The thin ?lms from aqueous suspensions of CDs were obtained by the spin-coating method inside an electrically inert polymer matrix of PVA. The current-voltage characteristics of this obtained ?lms were measured.
关键词： optical properties,polyvinyl alcohol matrix,current-voltage characteristics,carbon dots,electrical properties,spin-coating method,hydrothermal treatment,nitrogen-doped,boron-doped
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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The carbon dots as colorimetric and fluorescent dual-readout probe for 2-nitrophenol and 4-nitrophenol detection
摘要： Herein, the fluorescent carbon dots (CDs) has been synthesized by hydrothermal method by using ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) as a raw materials. The prepared CDs exhibited bright blue fluorscence excited by 340 nm with the quantum yield as high as 52%. The CDs possess special fluorescence responses to 2-nitrophenol (2-NP) and 4-nitrophenol (4-NP), and the slump of fluorescence was demonstrated by CDs solution in the case of 2-nitrophenol and 4-nitrophenol existence. The detection limit of 2-NP and 4-NP was calculated at 77 nM and 60 nM, respectively. Meanwhile, the color response to 2-NP and 4-NP can be observed from achromatic solution to yellow by naked eye. All in all, the obtained CDs can be applied as fluorescence and colorimetric probe in environmental protection.
关键词： Carbon dots,Dual-readout probe,2-nitrophenol,4-nitrophenol,Detection
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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AIP Conference Proceedings [Author(s) 6TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PRODUCTION, ENERGY AND RELIABILITY 2018: World Engineering Science & Technology Congress (ESTCON) - Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (13–14 August 2018)] - Synthesis of carbon dots and their optical properties
摘要： In this paper, carbon dots were synthesized from glucose, soot and ethylene glycol by hydrothermal treatment. The resulting carbon dots were characterized by luminescent spectrometry and spectrophotometry. The spectra exhibit bright luminescence in the blue region and strong absorption in the ultraviolet region. All samples exhibit typical excitation wavelength-dependent properties.
关键词： optical properties,hydrothermal treatment,luminescence,absorption,carbon dots
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46