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Innovation capability, network embeddedness and economic performance: profiling solar power innovators in China
摘要： This paper discusses the technological upgrading of China in photovoltaics technology. It explores the patterns of innovation and network embeddedness and their impact on economic performance at the firm level. Identifying the main innovators over 1995–2014 with patent and market share indicators, the landscape of their activities is inspected through two hierarchical cluster analyses in parallel: first, against the quantity, quality and diversity of patents, and second, against global-integration, component-size and position in technological knowledge networks. The resulting clusters are cross-related to understand their interrelations with age, size, turnover and productivity of actors. The multivariate analysis of variance shows a significant relationship between turnover and productivity. Global-integration in small-world networks is significantly related with economic performance. Quality of innovation shows higher importance than quantity and diversity. While specialisation in high-tech fields has positive impact on turnover, production-oriented firms with low-tech focus have higher productivity.
关键词： patent profiles,MANOVA,productivity,cluster analysis,concurrency matrix,technological upgrading,China,emerging economy,innovation system,solar photovoltaics,economic performance,network embeddedness patterns
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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An Energy Efficient Clustering using Firefly and HML for Optical Wireless Sensor Network
摘要： An Energy Efficient Clustering using Firefly and HML for Optical Wireless Sensor Network. In this paper an energy efficient and dynamic cluster formation technique is proposed. Cluster formation is the first and the main priority for any Wireless Sensor Network (WSN). In our work, the proposed technique is combination of Firefly algorithm and Hierarchical Maximum Likelihood (HML) for an Optical Wireless Sensor Network (OWSN). It utilizes the unique property of Firefly algorithm and overcomes the problem of it by introducing HML in it. As a result the parameters of the network changes with respect to the requirement of suitable position of nodes. The power distribution in the nodes is also accurately done as HML works on the property of maximum likelihood property. It means the nodes become active when they are selected based on the closest value of source node to form a cluster. The cost function also minimized.
关键词： Energy Efficient,Optical Wireless Sensor Network (OWSN),Firefly Algorithm,Cluster,HML
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Chemical imaging of buried interfaces in organic-inorganic devices using FIB-ToF-SIMS
摘要： Organic-inorganic hybrid materials enable the design and fabrication of new materials with enhanced properties. The interface between the organic and inorganic materials is often critical to the device’s performance and therefore chemical characterization is of significant interest. Since the interfaces are often buried, milling by focused ion beams (FIB) to expose the interface is becoming increasingly popular. Chemical imaging can subsequently be obtained using secondary ion mass spectrometry. However, the FIB milling process damages the organic material. In this study, we make an organic-inorganic test structure to develop a detailed understanding of the processes involved in FIB milling and SIMS imaging. We provide an analysis methodology that involves a “clean-up” process using sputtering with an argon gas cluster ion source to remove the FIB induced damage. The methodology is evaluated for two additive manufactured devices, an encapsulated strain sensor containing silver tracks embedded in a polymeric material and a copper track on a flexible polymeric substrate created using a novel nanoparticle sintering technique.
关键词： FIB,additive manufacturing,hybrid interfaces,ToF-SIMS,polymer,Argon cluster,milling
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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A Silicotungstate-Based Silver(I) Compound with Octanuclear Core: Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Luminescent Property
摘要： A novel silicotungstate-based silver(I) compound, formulated as [{Ag8(H3mtz)12}{SiW12O40}2]·8H2O (1) (H3mtz = 3-Mercapto-1,2,4-triazole) has been hydrothermally synthesized. This compound was identified by the single-crystal X-ray diffraction, and also characterized by FT-IR, UV, TG, PXRD and elemental analyses. The data show that it possesses the octanuclear silver(I) clusters and the anionic silicotungstates, which were connected via the hydrogen bonds and weak Ag–O bonds. Interestingly, the estimated optical bandgap of compound 1 is 1.95 eV, which falls into the range of semiconductors.
关键词： Polyoxometalate,Crystal structure,Luminescence,Silver(I)-based cluster
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Quartz force-sensitive resonator cluster using energy trapping theory
摘要： The quartz resonator can be used as a force-sensitive element for sensors. The resonance energy distribution of thickness-shear quartz crystal is derived and calculated using the energy trapping theory. To reduce temperature and other interference factors as well as improve force-sensitivity, a multi-electrode force-sensitive resonator cluster is designed based on resonance energy distribution results. The output frequency signals of the resonator cluster are subtracted from each other to form beat frequency signals to suppress the temperature and other interference factors using the common mode rejection principle. Next, the beat frequency signals are superimposed to improve the overall force-sensitivity of the quartz crystal resonator cluster. The experimental results show that the temperature characteristics of the quartz resonator cluster are better than the traditional single electrode resonator and that the frequency stability reaches 10?10 orders of magnitude. The overall force-frequency coef?cient of the resonator cluster increases to 9992 Hz/N.
关键词： Quartz force-sensitive resonator cluster,thickness-shear quartz crystal,energy trapping
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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‘Planetary’ silver nanoparticles originating from a magnetron sputter plasma
摘要： In a gas aggregation cluster source, nanoparticles are formed by aggregation of single atoms to particles as well as by agglomeration of smaller particles to form larger particles. Because the small particles are often electrically charged, it is possible that particles are mutually attracted or repelled by electric forces. In this work we report the observation of bound multi-nanoparticle systems which are the result of the electrical and centrifugal forces acting on nanoparticles in a magnetron sputtering cluster source. Transmission electron microscopy analysis of the deposited ‘planetary’ nanoparticle systems exhibits characteristic inter-particle distances and sizes, consistent with different charge states of the particles. Simulations confirm the presence of metastable bound nanoparticle systems up to at least 7/8 satellites. The discovery of such ‘planetary’ nanoparticle systems inside a cluster source opens up possibilities for more research into their properties and how they can be further controlled and explored.
关键词： planetary,silver nanoparticles,particle orbits,satellites,gas aggregation cluster source,magnetron sputtering
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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An efficient pixel clustering-based method for mining spatial sequential patterns from serial remote sensing images
摘要： The accumulation of serial remote sensing images provides plentiful data for discovering sequential spatial patterns in various fields such as agricultural monitoring, urban development, and vegetation cover. Otherwise, traditional sequential pattern-mining algorithms cannot be directly or efficiently applied to remote sensing images. In this study, we propose a pixel clustering-based method to improve the efficiency of mining spatial sequential patterns from raster serial remote sensing images (SRSI). Firstly, the images are compressed by using the Run-Length coding schema. Then, pixels with identical sequences are clustered by means of the Run-length code-based spatial overlay operation. Finally, a pruning strategy is proposed, to extend the prefixSpan algorithm to skip unnecessary database scanning when mining from pixel groups. The experimental results indicate that the method presented in this paper could extract spatial sequential patterns from SRSI efficiently. Although accurate support rates for the patterns may not be obtained, our method could ensure that all patterns are extracted with a lower time cost.
关键词： Sequence mining,Spatial sequential pattern,Pixels cluster,Serial remote sensing images
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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AIP Conference Proceedings [Author(s) DAE SOLID STATE PHYSICS SYMPOSIUM 2017 - Mumbai, India (26–30 December 2017)] - First principles calculations for interaction of tyrosine with (ZnO)3 cluster
摘要： First Principles Calculations have been performed to study interactions of Phenol ring of Tyrosine (C6H5OH) with (ZnO)3 atomic cluster. All the calculations have been performed under the Density Functional Theory (DFT) framework. Structural and electronic properties of (ZnO)3/C6H5OH have been studied. Gaussian basis set approach has been adopted for the calculations. A ring type most stable (ZnO)3 atomic cluster has been modeled, analyzed and used for the calculations. The compatibility of the results with previous studies has been presented here.
关键词： (ZnO)3 cluster,Tyrosine,First Principles Calculations,Density Functional Theory,Gaussian basis set
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:21
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Luminescent silica mesoparticles for protein transduction
摘要： Unlike silica nanoparticles, the potential of silica mesoparticles (SMPs) (i.e. particles of submicron size) for biological applications in particular the in vitro (let alone in vivo) cellular delivery of biological cargo has so far not been sufficiently studied. Here we examine the potential of luminescent (namely, octahedral molybdenum cluster doped) SMPs synthesised by a simple one-pot reaction for the labelling of cells and for protein transduction into larynx carcinoma (Hep-2) cells using GFP as a model protein. Our data demonstrates that the SMPs internalise into the cells within half an hour. This results in cells that detectably luminesce via conventional methods. In addition, the particles are non-toxic both in darkness and upon photo-irradiation. The SMPs were modified to allow their functionalisation by a protein, which then delivered the protein (GFP) efficiently into the cells. Thus, the luminescent SMPs offer a cheap and trackable alternative to existing materials for cellular internalisation of proteins, such as the HIV TAT protein and commercial protein delivery agents (e.g. Pierce?).
关键词： protein transduction,cytotoxicity,silica,Octahedral molybdenum cluster,cellular uptake
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:21
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Giant exchange bias in the single-layered Ruddlesden-Popper perovskite
摘要： Exchange bias (EB) as large as ～5.5 kOe is observed in SrLaCo0.5Mn0.5O4, which is the highest ever found in any layered transition-metal oxides including Ruddlesden-Popper series. Neutron-diffraction measurement rules out long-range magnetic ordering and together with dc magnetic measurements suggests formation of short-range magnetic domains. Ac magnetic susceptibility, magnetic memory effect, and magnetic training effect con?rm the system to be a cluster spin glass. By carrying out density functional calculations on several model con?gurations, we propose that EB is originated at the boundary between Mn-rich antiferromagnetic and Co-rich ferromagnetic domains at the subnanoscale. Reversal of magnetization axis on the Co side alters the magnetic coupling between the interfacial Mn and Co spins, which leads to EB. Our analysis infers that the presence of competing magnetic interactions is suf?cient to induce exchange bias and thereby a wide range of materials exhibiting giant EB can be engineered for designing novel magnetic memory devices.
关键词： Ruddlesden-Popper perovskite,Exchange bias,cluster spin glass,magnetic memory devices
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:21