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Mechanism of silver/glass interaction in the metallization of crystalline silicon solar cells
摘要： In order to reveal the interaction between solid substances (Ag powder and glass frit) during the metallization of crystalline silicon solar cells, the effect of glass frit on the Ag powder sintering and the mechanism of Ag colloid formation in glass phase were investigated. The results show that the Ag powder could grow into larger grains as mixed with a certain amount of glass frit, because the corrosion of Ag by glass melt enabled early start of Ag sintering. This makes the internal grain size and electric resistivity of sintered Ag lines to be closely related to the glass content in the silver paste. Subsequently, it was found that the formation of Ag colloid in glass phase is a physical process rather than a chemical transformation process. Taking Pb-B-Zn-Al composite oxide glasses for exemplification, a feasible strategy of raising the solubility of Ag in glass melt is proposed.
关键词： silver colloid formation,solid interaction mechanism,metallization,glass corrosion effect,silicon solar cells
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Experimental Study on the Effect of Dust Deposition on Photovoltaic Panels
摘要： In recent years, PV is considered to be one of the main way to solve the current energy crisis. PV is generally built in exposed areas such as deserts and wasteland. And the efficiency of power generation of PV is easy affected by the dust accumulated on it. The research expounds the "three factors" of the effect of dust on PV, namely shielding effect, temperature effect and corrosion effect, then an efficiency evaluation method for photovoltaic cells is proposed. Finally, the field experiments show that with the increase of dust density, the short-circuit current, open-circuit voltage, and output power of the PV both decrease. The dust with a density of 10 g/m2 can reduce the maximum power of the PV by about 34%. In the initial stage of PV dust accumulation, dust has the greatest impact on its output performance. In addition, the dust density and the conversion efficiency have better nonlinear correlation. As the dust accumulation density gradually increases, the PV conversion efficiency gradually decreases. When the dust density increases to a certain extent, the PV conversion efficiency tends to be stable.
关键词： Temperature effect,Corrosion effect,Conversion efficiency,Shielding effect
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Slow crack growth in silica aerogels: A review
摘要： The sub-critical crack growth in hydrophobic (as prepared) and hydrophilic (oxidized) silica aerogel was studied using the Dynamic fatigue experiment and the Double-Cleavage-Drilled-Compression test (DCDC). The effect of oxidation treatment is clearly evidenced. The temperature and water vapor content dependence on the crack growth rate is measured between 22 °C and 110 °C with relative air moisture ranging from 5 to 80% RH. Like dense silica, crack growth velocities were found to decrease when increasing the temperature at a constant water vapor concentration. Surprisingly, the crack velocity also decreases when increasing water vapor content at constant temperature. Such a behavior is contrary to expected results usually encountered in glasses. We assume that a capillary condensation phenomenon of water vapor inside the aerogel porosity takes place, inducing internal compressive stresses.
关键词： Silica aerogels,Slow crack growth,Stress corrosion effect
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46