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- 2018
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- KNIT
- Rajarshi Rananjay Sinh Institute of Management and Technology
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Greedy computation of all-optical monitoring trails to minimize total monitoring cost
摘要： Boolean network tomography can limit optical nodes on which electronic monitors need to be placed in all-optical mesh networks. However, required monitoring cost for operation and deployment increases as the number of optical nodes equipped with the electronic monitors decreases. The required monitoring cost depends heavily on the length of con?gured all-optical monitoring trails. Two heuristic approaches have been proposed to compute monitoring trails for localizing multiple-link failures. However, these existing approaches cannot control the length of computed monitoring trails in the given monitor placement. This paper proposes a novel approach to minimize the required monitoring cost in the given monitor placement. The proposed approach exploits a greedy method where the routes for the monitoring trails are extended in a hop-by-hop manner to localize all link failures in arbitrary failure scenarios. The greedy method can control the length of monitoring trails ?exibly due to the hop-by-hop extension of monitoring trails. The simulation results con?rm that the proposed approach can minimize the total monitoring cost adaptively by adjusting the length of monitoring trails on the basis of the trade-off relationship between the monitoring operation cost and deployment cost.
关键词： Minimization of monitoring cost,Greedy route computation,Length control of monitoring trails,Boolean network tomography,All-optical mesh networks
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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Optimal Design of Standalone Photovoltaic System Based on Multi-Objective Particle Swarm Optimization: A Case Study of Malaysia
摘要： This paper presents a multi-objective particle swarm optimization (MOPSO) method for optimal sizing of the standalone photovoltaic (SAPV) systems. Loss of load probability (LLP) analysis is considered to determine the technical evaluation of the system. Life cycle cost (LCC) and levelized cost of energy (LCE) are treated as the economic criteria. The two variants of the proposed PSO method, referred to as adaptive weights PSO (AWPSOc f ) and sigmoid function PSO (SFPSOc f ), are implemented using MATLAB software to the optimize the number of PV modules in (series and parallel) and number of the storage battery. The case study of the proposed SAPV system is executed using the hourly meteorological data and typical load demand for one year in a rural area in Malaysia. The performance outcomes of the proposed AW/SFPSOc f methods give various con?gurations at desired levels of LLP values and the corresponding minimum cost. The performance results showed the superiority of SFPSOc f in terms of accuracy is selecting an optimal con?guration at ?tness function value 0.031268, LLP value 0.002431, LCC 53167 USD, and LCE 1.6413 USD. The accuracy of AW/SFPSOc f methods is veri?ed by using the iterative method.
关键词： levelized cost of energy (LCE),multi-objective optimization,particle swarm optimization,standalone PV system,loss of load probability (LLP),life cycle cost (LCC)
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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A transparent and Pt-free all-carbon nanocomposite counter electrode catalyst for efficient dye sensitized solar cells
摘要： Recently, substantial focus has made in the development of cost effective Pt-free dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). In this article we report a potential, Pt-free, carbon based nanocomposite as counter electrode catalyst for dye sensitized solar cells. Graphene oxide (GO) was made into reduced graphene oxide (SSrGO) by irradiating with light (Xe source). Suspension of SSrGO in DMF was spray coated onto fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO) coated glass substrate, followed by spray coat of single walled carbon nanohorns (SWCNH) suspension in DMF. SSrGO and SWCNH coated FTO glass substrate was investigated as an effective Pt-free composite counter electrode (CE) for DSSC and also showed the comparable catalytic activity with Pt. The test cell reveals power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 8.27%, whereas the DSSC module exhibited a PCE of 5.18%. By using the fabricated DSSC module, an electric motor (15 mW) was operated both in indoor and outdoor light conditions. The procedures followed in this work pave a way for the easy fabrication of composite CE towards transparent DSSC modules and further the integration of the DSSC module with the standard Si solar cell is of great potential for various real-time application.
关键词： Reduced graphene oxide,Dye sensitized solar cell,Cost effective composite counter electrode,SWCNH,Transparent DSSC module
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Research on Grid Parity Predictions of Centralized Photovoltaic Electricity
摘要： Over the past decade, the photovoltaic (PV) industry in China has made great progress. However, this progress benefited from a series of subsidy policies, and with the continuous enlargement of the scale of centralized PV (CPV), the large subsidies have created great pressure on government finance, so achieving grid parity in CPV electricity is an urgent matter. This paper studies the grid parity of CPV electricity. First, this paper calculates the levelized cost of energy (LCOE) of CPV electricity. Second, using historical data and a dual learning curve, the paper predicts the LCOE of CPV electricity under scenarios with different resource zones and utilization times. Third, the paper predicts the LCOE of coal-fired electricity and draws conclusions based on changes in the price of coal and charcoal. Finally, the paper predicts when grid parity in CPV electricity in different resources areas will be achieved.
关键词： learning curve,centralized photovoltaic electricity (CPV),levelized cost of energy (LCOE),grid parity
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Assessment of the cost reduction potential of a novel loop-heat-pipe solar photovoltaic/thermal system by employing the distributed parameter model
摘要： A novel micro-channel loop-heat-pipe solar photovoltaic/thermal (LHP- PV/T) system is developed employing the co-axial tubular heat exchanger as the condenser and upper-end liquid header with tiny holes as the liquid feeder. The design facilitates an easier connection among the solar modules. It creates the improved condensation and separate evaporation effects within the LHP. A reduced evaporator area will thereby have a minor impact on the overall heat transfer performance, leading to significant potential for cost reduction. A distributed parameter model is established and validated by experimental data. The model is then applied to analyze the cost reduction potential of the LHP- PV/T via the optimization of geometrical and structural parameters. The impact of the area reduction on the LHP evaporator differs from that on the traditional integral heat pipe PV/T. The decrements in thermal and electrical efficiencies of the LHP- PV/T are 2.47% and 0.03% respectively when the width of heat pipes in the evaporator decreases from 26 to 10 mm. When the number of heat pipes decreases from 30 to 6, the decrements in thermal and electrical efficiencies are 4.63% and 0.12%, whilst the overall system cost drops by 28.58%, thus the cost-effectiveness of the system can be improved.
关键词： Co-axial tubular heat exchanger,Photovoltaic/thermal,Cost,Loop-heat-pipe,Micro-channel
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Sunny with a chance of curtailment: Operating the U.S. grid with very high levels of solar photovoltaics
摘要： With rapid declines in solar photovoltaic (PV) and energy storage costs, futures with PV penetrations approaching or exceeding 50% of total annual U.S. generation are becoming conceivable. The operational merits of such a national-scale system have not been evaluated sufficiently. Here, we analyze in detail the operational impacts of a future U.S. power system with very high annual levels of PV (>50%) with storage. We show that load and operating reserve requirements can be met for all hours while considering key generator operational constraints. Storage plays an active role in maintaining the balance of supply and demand during sunset hours. Under the highest PV penetration scenario, hours with >90% PV penetration are relatively common, which require rapid transitions between predominately conventional synchronous generation and mostly inverter-based generation. We observe hours with almost 400 GW (over 40%) of economic curtailment and frequent (up to 36%) hours with very low energy prices.
关键词： Photovoltaic generation,energy storage,net load,renewables,energy prices,solar energy,thermal cycling,curtailment,production cost modeling,ramping
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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[IEEE 2019 21st International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks (ICTON) - Angers, France (2019.7.9-2019.7.13)] 2019 21st International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks (ICTON) - Open Standard Test Framework for Photonic Integrated Circuits
摘要： Cloud service providers are typically faced with three significant problems when running their cloud data centers, i.e., rising electricity bills, growing carbon footprints, and unexpected power outages. To mitigate these issues, running cloud data centers in smart microgrids (SMGs) is a good choice, since SMGs can enhance the energy efficiency, sustainability, and reliability of electrical services. Thus, in this paper, we investigate the problem of energy management for cloud data centers in SMGs. To be specific, we would minimize the time average expected energy cost (including electricity bill, battery depreciation cost, the total generation cost of conventional generators, and revenue loss due to the unfinished workloads) with the consideration of three practical factors, i.e., the ramping constraints of backup generators, the charging and discharging efficiency parameters of batteries, and two kinds of data center workloads. A stochastic programming is formulated by integrating the constraints associated with workload allocation, electricity buying/selling, battery management, backup generators, and power balancing. To solve the stochastic programming problem, an online algorithm is designed, and the algorithmic performance is analyzed. Simulation results show the advantages of the designed algorithm over other baselines.
关键词： Cloud data centers,energy cost,uncertainty,smart microgrids
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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[IEEE 2019 IEEE Conference on Power Electronics and Renewable Energy (CPERE) - Aswan City, Egypt (2019.10.23-2019.10.25)] 2019 IEEE Conference on Power Electronics and Renewable Energy (CPERE) - Power Losses Estimation of LED Lamps in Li-Fi Communication Systems
摘要： The loss of critical human skills that are either non-replenishable or take very long periods of time to reconstitute impacts the support of legacy systems ranging from infrastructure, military, and aerospace to information technology. Many legacy systems must be supported for long periods of time because they are prohibitively expensive to replace. Loss of critical human skills is a problem for legacy system support organizations as they try to understand and mitigate the effects of an aging workforce with highly specialized low-demand skill sets. Existing literature focuses on workers that have skills that are obsolete and therefore need to be retrained to remain employable; alternatively, this paper addresses the system support impacts due to the lack of workers with the required skill set. This paper develops a model for forecasting the loss of critical human skills and the impact of that loss on the future cost of system support. The model can be used to support business cases for system replacement. A detailed case study of a legacy control system from the chemical manufacturing industry is provided and managerial insights associated with the support of the system drawn.
关键词： life-cycle cost,obsolescence,legacy systems,workforce planning,Diminishing manufacturing sources and material shortages (DMSMS),workforce management,organizational forgetting
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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[IEEE 2018 International Conference Laser Optics (ICLO) - St. Petersburg (2018.6.4-2018.6.8)] 2018 International Conference Laser Optics (ICLO) - High-Pressure Electron Beam-Optically Pumped He-Ar Laser and Collisional Quenching of 4s Levels of ArI
摘要： Due to the limited service capabilities of centralized controllers, it is difficult to process high volume of flows within reasonable time. This particularly degrades the strict quality of service (QoS) requirements of interactive media applications, which is non-negligible factor. To alleviate this concern, distributed deployments of software-defined network (SDN) controllers are inevitable and have gained a predominant position. However, to maintain application specific QoS requirements, the number of resources used in network directly impacts the capital and operational expenditure. Hence, in distributed SDN architectures, issues such as flow arrival rate, resources required and operational cost have significant mutual dependencies on each other. Therefore, it is essential to research feasible methods to maintain QoS and minimize resources provisioning cost. Motivated from this, we propose a solution in a distributed SDN architectures that provides flow-balancing (with guaranteed QoS) in pro-active operations of SDN controllers, and attempts to optimize the use of instance resources provisioning costs. We validate our solution using the tools of queuing theory. Our studies indicate that with our solution, a network with minimum resources and affordable cost with guaranteed application QoS can be set-up.
关键词： SDN networks,flow-balancing,resources and cost optimization,QoS aware routing
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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[IEEE 2019 2nd International Conference on High Voltage Engineering and Power Systems (ICHVEPS) - Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia (2019.10.1-2019.10.4)] 2019 2nd International Conference on High Voltage Engineering and Power Systems (ICHVEPS) - Integrated Energy and Economic Model for Rooftop Photovoltaics on Distribution System
摘要： The penetration of rooftop photovoltaics (PVs) in residential sector has a significant impact to the distribution system. The impact is not only on the technical sides but also on the economic sides. This study proposes Integrated Energy and Economic Model (IEEM) which integrates electricity generation, load profiles, economic assumptions and electricity regulation. It is developed by employing econometric spreadsheet program. IEEM investigates the effect of the PVs on the national electricity cost and electricity tariff. Spreadsheet calculation is used to determine the PVs energy production in Jakarta distribution system. Load profiles is obtained through data of residential customers in Jakarta distribution system. Both economic assumptions and electricity regulation are outlined based on Indonesian Government regulation. From the technical sides, PVs decreases the usage of distribution transformers to less than 80% of transformers load. The economic sides gives insight that PVs not only decreases the electricity sales and distribution business income, but also makes a long payback period on the distribution network investment. Furthermore, the model calculation results show that the increasing of PVs has an impact on increasing the utility electricity cost, while residential electricity tariffs remained. This study can give a consideration for decision makers in state-owned utility to re-arrange their tariff structure and PVs policies for the feasibility of PVs projects in residential sector. This model can be applicable to any location by changing the generation, load profiles, relevant economic assumptions and electricity regulation.
关键词： electricity cost,residental tariff,distribution system,rooftop photovoltaics
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59