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Successful Treatment of Keratosis Follicularis Spinulosa Decalvans With an 800-nm Diode Laser
摘要： Keratosis follicularis spinulosa decalvans (KFSD) is a rare genodermatosis characterized by widespread keratosis pilaris and progressive cicatricial alopecia of the scalp, eyebrows, and eyelashes; photophobia; and corneal dystrophy. We report a man with KFSD who was successfully treated with laser hair removal on the scalp. A 23-year-old man presented with an 8-year history of hair loss, which had started as a discrete 2.5-cm bald patch on the vertex of the scalp. He gradually developed more patches of alopecia, which expanded and coalesced, and in which the hair never regrew. He complained of itching and tenderness in the affected areas. Furthermore, he had dry skin, with rough-feeling bumps on the upper arms and thighs. As a child, he suffered with photophobia requiring the use of tinted spectacles, but this subsided during his teenage years. He had no other medical history of note and did not take any regular medication. He was of skin phototype II. There was a strong history of male pattern hair loss on the paternal side of the family.
关键词： laser hair removal,diode laser,scarring alopecia,KFSD,Keratosis follicularis spinulosa decalvans
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Eruptive Keratoacanthomas in a Red Tattoo After Treatment With a 532-nm Picosecond Laser
摘要： Decorative tattooing continues to be popular, with remorse and request for tattoo removal common in a significant percentage of the tattooed population. Tattoo removal carries complications including inflammatory reactions, infections, and malignancies. Many of these complications are reported to be more frequent in red tattoo ink, conceivably due to the inflammatory nature of the specific components of the red ink particles. Keratoacanthomas (KA) are considered a low-risk form of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), often associated with injury such as surgery, trauma, and burns. While their association with tattoos has been reported, the eruption of KAs after attempted tattoo removal has not. We report a case of eruptive KAs after tattoo removal using a picosecond laser at an outside facility.
关键词： keratoacanthomas,picosecond laser,red tattoo ink,tattoo removal
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Combination of Dual Wavelength Picosecond and Nanosecond Pulse Width Neodymium‐Doped Yttrium–Aluminum–Garnet Lasers for Tattoo Removal
摘要： Background and Objectives: Tattoo removal by laser has been mostly performed using Q‐switched laser, which has nanosecond pulse width. In recent years, the efficacy of treatment with picosecond pulse width laser has also been reported. Study Design/Materials and Methods: Using yttrium–aluminum–garnet laser with a potassium‐titanyl‐phosphate frequency‐doubling crystal, we performed a retrospective clinical study with combination treatment using pulse widths of 750 ps and 2 ns. The number of treatments was compared with the Kirby–Desai score. Tissue changes immediately after laser irradiation at 2 ns and 750 ps were compared using an electron microscope. Results: The combination treatment using pulse widths of 2 ns and 750 ps was safe and more effective than the Q‐switched neodymium‐doped yttrium–aluminum–garnet laser treatment. Tattoo removal was possible with significantly fewer treatment numbers than the Kirby–Desai score, without adverse events. The results from the scanning electron microscope revealed that ink particles irradiated by 750 ps were more dispersed than those by 2 ns. Conclusions: The combination treatment with pulse widths of 2 ns and 750 ps and 1064 nm and 532 nm wavelengths using the neodymium‐doped yttrium–aluminum–garnet laser was safe and effective and can be a useful option for tattoo removal.
关键词： tattoo removal,2 nanosecond,laser treatment,dual wavelength laser,750 picosecond
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Performance evaluation and multi-response optimization of grinding-aided electrochemical discharge drilling (G-ECDD) of borosilicate glass
摘要： Machining of advanced glass ceramics is of great importance and is a challenging task for the modern industries. In this study, a new hybrid technique of grinding-aided electrochemical discharge drilling (G-ECDD) is attempted which combines the grinding action of a rotating abrasive tool and thermal melting action of electrochemical discharges to perform drilling of borosilicate glass. G-ECDD is performed using a normal electrochemical discharge machine set-up with a provision for using a rotating diamond-coated drill tool. The tool used is a hollow diamond core drill rather than the traditional solid abrasive tool. A spring-fed tool system was designed and developed to provide the tool-feed movement which will also help to maintain a balance between grinding action of diamond grits and thermal melting action of discharges. Preliminary experiments are conducted to identify the optimum spring force of the spring-fed system and tool rotational speed which can facilitate a balanced ECDM and grinding action for material removal. The effect of machining parameters like voltage, duty ratio, pulse cycle time and electrolyte concentration on material removal rate (MRR) and hole radial overcut (ROC) is investigated using response surface methodology (RSM). Duty ratio and voltage are found to be the most significant factors contributing MRR. Voltage and pulse cycle time are identified as the main factors controlling radial overcut of the drilled holes. Second-order regression models for MRR and ROC are developed using the data collected from the experiments using RSM. Grey relational analysis was used to optimize this multi-objective problem. A voltage of 90 V, duty ratio of 0.7, cycle time of 0.002 s and an electrolyte concentration of 3.5 M are found to be the best combination for optimizing the responses. Deterioration of bonding material and dislodging of diamond grits are found to be the major modes of tool wear during G-ECDD. The use of high-frequency pulsed DC increased the tool wear rate due to the less time available for heat dissipation between discharge cycles. Moreover, the wear at the end face of the tool will be accelerated due to the concentration of current density at edges during high-frequency operation. From the microscopic images of the machined surface, the material removal mechanisms involved in G-ECDD are found to be a combination of thermal melting by discharges, grinding action of diamond grits and high-temperature chemical etching effect of the electrolyte.
关键词： Electrochemical discharge machining,Response surface methodology,Tool wear,Radial overcut,Grey relational analysis,Material removal rate,Material removal mechanism,Grinding
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Evaluation of Safety and Efficacy of Laser Hair Removal With the Long‐Pulsed 755?nm Wavelength Laser: A Two‐Center Study With 948 Patients
摘要： Background and Objectives: Laser hair removal is the most common laser therapy and the third most commonly performed procedure with more than one million treatments in United States in 2016. This retrospective study was conducted to assess long‐term efficacy and safety of the 755 nm laser for hair removal. Study Design/Materials and Methods: Nearly, 3,606 laser treatments were performed with the long‐pulsed 755 nm wavelength laser equipped with an epidermal cooling device between 1997 and 2005 and were followed till 2013. Standardized assessments were conducted by two treating physicians and patients at two follow‐up intervals. At first follow‐up, clearance was assessed by two physicians and clearance and satisfaction by patients. At the second follow‐up, patients were assessed if hair clearance sustained compared with the first follow‐up. Results: Nine hundred and forty‐eight patients with Fitzpatrick skin types I–IV were treated with a total of 3,606 laser treatments in this study. The mean age at the beginning of the study was 35 years (±11), 95.1% of patients were female (n = 902) and 4.9% male (n = 46). Five hundred and seventy‐four patients received a minimum of three treatments and an average of 5.31 (3–16) treatments on axilla, back, bikini, breast, abdomen, face, lower extremity, or upper extremity region. First, follow‐up was conducted 3.9 (±1.5) years after the laser treatment. Seventy‐four percent of these final patients received 75–100% clearance as reported by the physician and 48% clearance as reported by the patient. Fifty‐two percent of patients reported slower hair growth and 42% change in hair texture. Ninety percent of patients treated on axilla, 82% treated on the bikini area, and 79% treated on lower extremities experienced 75% or more clearance after three treatments. Facial, as well as breast and abdomen treatments, only showed a 66% and 62%, respectively, after three treatments. For these locations, five and more treatments were needed to achieve a quote of 79% (face) or 80% (breast and abdomen) for a 75–100% clearance. Upper extremity and back treatments did not have enough physician ratings to draw conclusions. Long‐term adverse events were minimal and were all located on the face (one patient scar, four patients herpes infection). Second follow‐up of 173 patients was conducted after 11.5 years (±2.0) and 87.9% of patients reported that their improvement sustained. Conclusions: The long‐pulsed 755 nm alexandrite laser is a safe and efficacious treatment for the reduction of unwanted body hair with permanent results and high patient satisfaction.
关键词： laser,alexandrite,hypertrichosis,clearance,hair removal
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Photo-activated implants: a triple-blinded, split-mouth, randomized controlled clinical trial on the resistance to removal torque at various healing intervals
摘要： Objectives Hydrophilic implant surfaces promote faster osseointegration of dental implants with a higher bone-implant contact (BIC) rate. Animal and in vitro studies proved that ultraviolet (UV) irradiation of titanium implants regains hydrophilicity. Clinical impact is still unclear. The objective of this RCT was to assess the removal torque (RT) required to unfix a surface-treated implant (test group) versus the original surface implant (control group) performed at various points in time. The null hypothesis stated that test and control implants will show the same deliberation force at specific time points. Material and methods One hundred eighty partially edentulous patients were randomly assigned to six groups. In single-stage surgery, each patient received one test and one control implant. In total, 180 test and 180 control implants were placed epicrestally. Test implants received a surface treatment with UV irradiation prior to insertion, in order to reduce carbon and enhance hydrophilicity and thus wettability. Maximum RT values for test and control implants were recorded with a torque measuring device at implant placement (T1), after 1 (group 1), 2 (group 2), 3 (group 3), 4 (group 4), 6 (group 5) (T2), and 8 weeks (group 6) of healing. Subsequently, implants were returned to their original position for the continuation of the healing process. Results No implant was lost. Age, gender, smoking, implant position, and bone quality could be excluded as confounding factors because of the lack of statistical significance. At T2, RT values were higher for test implants compared with those for control implants, being statistically significant in groups 2, 3, 4, and 6 (p < 0.05). Conclusions Our data support rejection of the null hypothesis. Clinical relevance Photo-activation of the surface of titanium implants leads to higher resistance to RT forces compared with that of non-treated implants, indicating improved healing and implant stability especially in the early healing phase.
关键词： Bone to implant contact rate,Photo-activated implants,Removal torque,Hydrophilicity,healing intervals
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Lasers for Reduction of Unwanted Hair in Skin of Color: A Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis
摘要： Light-based therapies are one of the most effective and widely used strategies for removal of undesired hair, with a broadly favorable safety profile. However, subjects with pigmented skin are found to be more prone to laser-related adverse events. While prolonged pulse-width and longer treatment duration were proposed to minimize adverse events, the optimal treatment option among available phototherapy modalities—long-pulsed (Nd: YAG), pulsed diode, and alexandrite lasers as well as intense pulsed light (IPL)—remains unclear, particularly for skin of color. To determine superiority in terms of effectiveness and tolerability, we conducted a systematic review of literature on different types of in-office laser and IPL for hair removal in subjects with Fitzpatrick skin types III-VI. The meta-analysis was performed using Review Manager (RevMan) version 5.3 and included 12 eligible comparative trials (9 randomized controlled trials and 3 quasi-randomized). In terms of hair count reduction, pooled effect estimates for long-pulsed ND:YAG laser (OR 0.26, 95% CI [0.1, 0.78]) and diode laser (SMD -0.11, 95% CI [-0.62, 0.39) were not statistically significant from those of IPL; in contrast, alexandrite laser was found to be superior to IPL in reducing hair count (SMD -1.7, 95% CI [-2.6, -0.78]. In terms of adverse events, the pooled effect estimates favoured long‐pulsed Nd: YAG laser to IPL with respect to post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (OR 0.26, 95% CI [0.1, 0.78]). However, both pulsed diode and alexandrite lasers exhibited a comparable safety profile to IPL, despite higher pain scores with lasers. In conclusion, this systematic review suggests that treatment outcomes for different in-office laser devices and IPL in subjects with skin type III-VI are broadly similar; nevertheless, we observed a trend toward greater hair reduction following laser therapy compared to IPL.
关键词： Hair removal,Dark skin,Intense pulsed light,Laser
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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An insight into laser tattoo removal: reasoning, methods and limitations
摘要： This article aims to review the possible reasons a patient may wish to remove their tattoo using lasers, as well as providing an overview of the tattooing process within the skin, where the tattoo ink particles lay within the skin’s structures and how lasers specifically target unwanted ink particles within the skin. An exploration into various tattoo removal methods, with a more in-depth focus on laser tattoo removal with its associated risks and limitations will also be addressed.
关键词： Hyperpigmentation,Photothermolysis,Q-switched lasers,Tattoo removal,Hypopigmentation,Picosecond lasers
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Composite removal by means of erbium, chromium:yttrium-scandium-gallium-garnet laser compared with rotary instruments
摘要： Background. Complete removal of existing composite restorations without unnecessary removal of tooth structure is challenging. The authors compared the amount of tooth structure removed and composite remaining in Class III preparations when using an erbium laser or a rotary instrument. Methods. Mesiolingual and distolingual preparations were prepared in 14 extracted anterior teeth, restored with shade-matched composite, ?nished, and polished. One restoration was removed with an erbium, chromium:yttrium-scandium-gallium-garnet laser and the other with a rotary instrument (handpiece and carbide burs). Gypsum models made from vinyl polysiloxane impressions of the preparation and removal stages were scanned. The 2 scans were precisely aligned to calculate the amount of tooth structure removed and residual composite, which were statistically compared (t test) between the bur and laser groups. Results. Rotary instruments removed signi?cantly more tooth structure than the laser in terms of mean depth (P ? .0017) but not maximum depth (P ? .0762). Although mean depth of tooth loss was smaller in the laser group, the area of tooth loss was signi?cantly larger (P ? .0004) because the rotary instrumentation left signi?cantly more composite than the laser in terms of volume (P ? .0104), mean depth (P ? .0375), maximum depth (P ? .0318), and area (P ? .0056). Conclusions and Practical Implications. The erbium, chromium:yttrium-scandium-gallium-garnet laser was more selective in removing existing composite restorations than a rotary instrument because it removed less tooth structure and left behind less composite. Unintentional loss of tooth structure and unnoticeable residual composite are inevitable when removing existing composites. Erbium lasers are alternative means of composite removal that may be more selective than a rotary instrument.
关键词： tooth structure,restoration removal,laser,Bur,composite
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Hair removal treatment using 1,064 nm long-pulsed Nd:YAG laser in auricular post reconstruction of microtia patient: two case reports
摘要： Microtia is a congenital anomaly of the external and middle ear with various degrees of severity. The hair growth on the reconstructed auricle causes aesthetic problems. We describe two cases about the successful epilation of unwanted hair in postauricular reconstruction of microtia patients using 1,064 nm long-pulsed neodymium: ytrium-alumunium-garnet (LP Nd:YAG) laser in Fitzpatrick skin type IV patients, using 6x6 mm tip, 35 J/cm2 fluence, 10 ms pulse, and 1 Hz frequency with burnt of hair as an endpoint. On the follow up day 11 of case one and day 7 of case two, the hair reductions on treated auricles were 46% and 58%, respectively, with no adverse effects. Minimal 6 repeated sessions are recommended for optimal result. In these case reports, LP Nd:YAG laser treatment is considered effective for the unwanted hair growth on the reconstructed auricle in dark skin type patients with minimal risk of adverse effect.
关键词： microtia,unwanted hair,Nd:YAG,hair removal,Auricular reconstruction
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04