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Beyond 10% efficiency Cu <sub/>2</sub> ZnSnS <sub/>4</sub> solar cells enabled by modifying the heterojunction interface chemistry
摘要： Wide band gap pure sulphide kesterite Cu2ZnSnS4 is a promising environmentally friendly and low-cost photovoltaic material, which has attracted intense research interest. However, the record e?ciency of solar cells based on Cu2ZnSnS4 absorbers just overcame the benchmark 10%, being far from the e?ciency requirement for industrial-scale deployment. Recombination at the heterojunction interface accounts for a large proportion of the performance loss. Here we report a substantial improvement of the Cu2ZnSnS4 solar cell e?ciency to over 10% enabled by modifying the Cu2ZnSnS4/Zn1?xCdxS heterojunction interface. We found that the introduction of the ammonium hydroxide during the Zn1?xCdxS deposition process can lead to a signi?cant reduction of Zn related hydroxide and oxide impurities. The modi?ed chemistry environment at the heterojunction interface facilitates the decrease of interface defects and promotes the interface microstructure quality. The improved heterojunction interface with suppressed interface recombination contributes to the enhanced open circuit voltage, ?ll factor and overall device performance.
关键词： Cu2ZnSnS4,solar cells,Zn1?xCdxS,ammonium hydroxide,heterojunction interface
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Ultrafine Cu2ZnSnS4 quantum dots functionalized TiO2 nanotube arrays for potential optoelectronic applications
摘要： Tremendous progress has been made in power conversion e?ciency (PCE) of thin-?lm photovoltaics over the past few years, yet most current high-e?cient photoactive layer usually contains rare or toxic elements accompanied by expensive and complicated vacuum processes, which increases the cost and limits the scope of the applications in the long run. Here we present a synergistic e?ect of quantum e?ect of an earth-abundant and low toxic ultra?ne Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) quantum dots (QDs) and low charge recombination in one dimensional TiO2 nanotube arrays for optoelectronic devices. By ligands exchange, the as-obtained ultra?ne CZTS QDs have been robustly anchored to a highly ordered TiO2 nanotube arrays (TNAs) to be served as a function layer in a simple QDs sensitized solar cells. Such ultra?ne CZTS QDs based solar cells exhibit signi?cant enhancement up to 457% in PCE compared to that of CZTS QDs with larger size. The CZTS QDs functionalized TNAs has also shown excellent charge transport capability with lower recombination rate than QDs sensitized TiO2 nanoparticles and it is expected to be used as a low-cost environment-friendly function layer for various potential optoelectronic applications.
关键词： TiO2 nanotube arrays,Cu2ZnSnS4,Solar cells,Quantum dots
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Atomistic kinetic Monte Carloa??Embedded atom method simulation on growth and morphology of Cua??Zna??Sn precursor of Cu <sub/>2</sub> ZnSnS <sub/>4</sub> solar cells
摘要： An atomistic kinetic Monte Carlo coupled with the embedded-atom method is used to simulate film growth and morphology evolution of a Cu–Zn–Sn precursor of Cu2ZnSnS4 solar cells by single-step electrodeposition. The deposition and diffusion events of three different metallic atoms are described by the simulation. Moreover, the multibody Cu–Zn–Sn potential is used to calculate diffusion barrier energy. The effects of process factors, including temperature and electrode potential, on the cross-section morphology and surface roughness are explored, while keeping the elemental composition ratios constant. The lowest roughness with the smoothest morphology is obtained at the optimal parameters. The distribution and transformation behaviors of cluster sizes are investigated to describe the alloy film growth process. Furthermore, the comparison between deposition events and diffusion events reveals that deposition events depend primarily on individual deposition rates of different metallic atoms, but diffusion events are mainly dependent on the interaction of metallic atoms. The film morphology evolution is visualized by three-dimensional configuration with increasing numbers of atoms, which suggests a competing mechanism between nucleation and growth of the thin film alloy.
关键词： Cu–Zn–Sn precursor,film growth,Cu2ZnSnS4 solar cells,electrodeposition,atomistic kinetic Monte Carlo,morphology evolution,embedded-atom method
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Se-Assisted Performance Enhancement of Cu <sub/>2</sub> ZnSn(S,Se) <sub/>4</sub> Quantum-Dot Sensitized Solar Cells via a Simple Yet Versatile Synthesis
摘要： The earth-abundant Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) quantum dots (QDs) have emerged as one potential substitute to toxic cadmium or rare indium QDs, but their application in quantum dot-sensitized solar cells (QDSSCs) is still limited by the improper particle size and the rigorous synthesis and ligand exchange conditions. Herein, we developed a one-pot hot injection method by using Tri-n-octylphosphine oxide (TOPO) as the solvent and oleylamine as the capping agent to synthesize Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 (CZTSSe) QDs with adjustable size and narrow size distribution. The key feature of this approach is that we can take advantage of the high-temperature nucleation, low-temperature growth, and strong reducibility of NaHB4 to prepare small-sized CZTSSe QDs without using 1-dodecanethiol (DDT) and to extend the light harvesting range through Se incorporation. After Se incorporation, it turns out that the conduction band (CB) level of CZTSSe QDs decreases, implying that the injection driving force of the electron to the CB of TiO2 films becomes weaker and a larger recombination would be induced at the TiO2/QDs/electrolyte interface. Benefiting from the broadened optoelectronic response range, the induced higher Jsc (16.80 vs 14.13 mA/cm2) finally leads to the increase of the conversion efficiency of CZTSSe QDSSC from 3.17% to 3.54% without further modification. Despite the fact that the efficiency is still far behind those of literature reported values through use of other chalcogenide sensitizers, this DDT-free approach solves the main hindrance for the application of CZTSSe QDs in QDSSCs and holds a more convenient way for ligand exchange, light absorption improvement, and particle size control.
关键词： Cu2ZnSnS4,solar cells,Se incorporation,quantum dots,light harvesting
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22