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Trap State and Charge Recombination in Nanocrystalline Passivized Conductive and Photoelectrode Interface of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell
摘要： The dynamic competition between electron generation and recombination was found to be a bottleneck restricting the development of high-performance dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). Introducing a passivation layer on the surface of the TiO2 photoelectrode material plays a crucial role in separating the charge by preventing the recombination of photogenerated electrons with the oxidized species. This study aims to understand in detail the kinetics of the electron recombination process of a DSSC fabricated with a conductive substrate and photoelectrode film, both passivized with a layer of nanocrystalline TiO2. Interestingly, the coating, which acted as a passivation layer, suppressed the back-electron transfer and improved the overall performance of the integrated DSSC. The passivation layer reduced the exposed site of the fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO)–electrolyte interface, thereby reducing the dark current phenomenon. In addition, the presence of the passivation layer reduced the rate of electron recombination related to the surface state recombination, as well as the trapping/de-trapping phenomenon. The photovoltaic properties of the nanocrystalline-coated DSSC, such as short-circuit current, open-circuit voltage, and fill factor, showed significant improvement compared to the un-coated photoelectrode film. The overall performance efficiency improved by about 22% compared to the un-coated photoelectrode-based DSSC.
关键词： Electron recombination,electrochemical analysis,nanocrystalline coating,Dye-sensitized solar cell,passivation layer
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Thiazolo[5,4- <i>d</i> ]thiazole-based organic sensitizers with improved spectral properties for application in greenhouse-integrated dye-sensitized solar cells
摘要： Organic photosensitizers especially designed for producing semitransparent dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) for greenhouse integration were prepared by introduction of different heterocyclic moieties into the thiazolo[5,4-d]thiazole-molecular scaffold. The aim was that of improving their light absorption capability in the green part of the visible spectrum while maintaining a good transparency in the blue and red regions, where the photosynthetic response is maximized. A short and efficient synthetic approach, featuring two consecutive C-H activation reactions in a one-pot procedure as key steps, was used. Based on their spectroscopic and electrochemical characterization, two of dyes prepared appeared especially suitable for greenhouse-integrated photovoltaics. The corresponding semitransparent DSSCs yielded 5.6-6.1% power conversion efficiencies, which were largely superior to those provided by other organic dyes previously proposed for the same application.
关键词： organic photosensitizers,light absorption,photovoltaic efficiency,dye-sensitized solar cells,greenhouse integration,thiazolo[5,4-d]thiazole,transparency
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Effects of oil substrate supplementation on production of prodigiosin by Serratia nematodiphila for dye-sensitized solar cell
摘要： Bacterial pigments are potential substitute of chemical photosensitizer for dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) due to non-toxic and cost effective production from microbial fermentation. Serratia nematodiphila YO1 was isolated from waterfall in Malaysia and identified using 16S ribosomal RNA. Characterization of the red pigment produced by the bacteria has confirmed the pigment as prodigiosin. Prodigiosin was produced from the fermentation of the bacteria in the presence of different oil substrates. Palm oil exhibited the best performance of cell growth and equivalent prodigiosin yield compared to olive oil and peanut oil. Prodigiosin produced with palm oil supplementation was 93 mg/L compared to 7.8 mg/L produced without supplementation, which recorded 11.9 times improvement. Specific growth rate of the cells improved 1.4 times when palm oil was supplemented in the medium. The prodigiosin pigment produced showed comparable performance as a DSSC sensitizer by displaying an open circuit voltage of 336.1 mV and a maximum short circuit current of 0.098 mV/cm2. This study stands a novelty in proving that the production of prodigiosin is favourable in the presence of palm oil substrate with high saturated fat content, which has not been studied before. This is also among the first bacterial prodigiosin tested as photosensitizer for DSSC application.
关键词： Serratia nematodiphila,prodigiosin,bioreactor,oil substrate,Dye sensitized solar cell
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Four-Terminal Tandem Solar Cell with Dye-Sensitized and PbS Colloidal Quantum Dot based Sub-cells
摘要： In this work, high performance four-terminal solution-processed tandem solar cells were fabricated by using dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC) as top-cells and lead sulfide (PbS) colloidal quantum dot solar cells (CQDSC) as bottom-cells. For dye-sensitized top-cells, three different dye combinations were used while the titanium dioxide (TiO2) scattering layer was removed to maximize the transmission. For the PbS bottom-cells, quantum dots with different size were compared. Over 12% PCE has been achieved by using XL dye mixture and 890 nm PbS QDs, which shows a significant efficiency enhancement when compared to single DSSC or CQDSC sub-cells.
关键词： dye-sensitized solar cell,quantum dot solar cell,PbS,four-terminal tandem,solution-processed
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Design, Synthesis and Photophysical Analysis of New Unsymmetrical Carbazole-Based Dyes for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells
摘要： The molecular design, synthesis, and characterization of di-anchoring carbazole-based dyes (Car-Cy, Car-Amin, and Car-Mal) with A-π-D-π-A-π-A structure as materials for dye-sensitized solar cells applications (DSSCs) are reported. The electron-rich carbazole moiety in the structure of synthesized dyes is connected with acceptor/ or anchoring groups (cyanoacetic acid, 4-aminobenzoic acid, and malonic acid) and π-spacers (vinylene and cynovinyl thiophene). Electronic characteristics and molecular geometry of the sensitizers were optimized using Density Functional Theory (DFT), and the influence of dye structure on their photovoltaic performances was studied. Among the synthesized dyes in this research, Car-Amin dye presents a better photovoltaic performance as a sensitizer in the constructed device, with a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 2.27%, JSC of 5.95 mAcm?2, VOC of 0.54 V and FF of 71%. The enhanced performance of this dye could be related to the powerful electron-withdrawing characteristic of the 4-aminobenzoic acid as an acceptor group in the dye structure. Consequently, the impact of various acceptor groups on the constructed DSSC devices was examined, and the results indicated that the improvement of DSSC performance is due to the presence of 4-aminobenzoic acid as acceptor on the carbazole-based dyes.
关键词： 4-aminobenzoic acid,Malonic acid,Dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC),Carbazole,Cyanoacetic acid
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Synthesis and characterization of Sb doped SnO<sub>2</sub> for the photovoltaic applications: different route
摘要： Antimony doped tin oxide (ATO - Sn0.92O2:Sb0.08) nanoparticles were synthesized by different chemical routes such as Hydrothermal (HT), Sol-gel (SG) and Sonochemical (SC) methods. The XRD pattern of the samples shows that Sb ion successfully incorporated into Sn lattice without altering the crystal structure. Optical spectral analysis of the samples indicates more absorption in the visible region. The vibrational modes of the ATO nanoparticles were characterized by FTIR spectra. DSSCs were fabricated with the as-prepared ATO nanoparticles from different routes, Eosin-Y dye, I-/I3- redox couple as electrolyte. I-V characteristics of the as fabricated devices were recorded to estimate the efficiency of the device. Our results indicate the DSSC fabricated using the hydrothermally prepared material is to be considered as a suitable optical window material for dye and good electrolyte to achieve higher open circuit voltage (VOC). Further, the anode fabricated using the hydrothermally synthesized ATO nanoparticle gives good efficiency (η = 4.15%) comparing to the DSSCs fabricated using NPs synthesized via other methods. Hence, hydrothermally prepared material is to be considered as a suitable optical window materials for DSSCs.
关键词： antimony doped tin oxide,Dye sensitized solar cell,optical window
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Imaging Dye Aggregation in MK-2, N3, N749, and SQ-2 dye?·?·?·TiO <sub/>2</sub> Interfaces That Represent Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell Working Electrodes
摘要： Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) are a strong contender for next-generation photovoltaic technology with niche applications as solar-powered windows. The performance of a DSSC is particularly susceptible to the dye sensitizer, which is adsorbed onto the surface of a wide-band-gap semiconductor such as TiO2, to form the working electrode. The nature by which such surfaces are sensitized stands to influence the resulting dye···TiO2 interfacial structure and thence the operational performance of the DSSC working electrode. In particular, a nanoscopic understanding of the sensitization process would ultimately help to improve DSSC device function. In this study, atomic force microscopy (AFM) is used to image the nanoscopic formation of dye···TiO2 interfacial structures. This employs, as case studies, four well-known DSSC dyes adsorbed onto amorphous TiO2 substrates: two ruthenium-based dyes, N3 and the Black Dye (N749); and two organic dyes, the thiophenylcarbazole, MK-2, and the zwitterionic squaraine, SQ-2. We discover that all four dyes present some form of aggregation upon sensitization of TiO2, whose spatial distributions show distinct nanoaggregate particle characteristics. These particle clusters of N749, N3, and MK-2 are found to assemble in lines of nanoaggregates, while clusters of SQ-2 dye chromophores distribute themselves randomly on the amorphous TiO2 substrates. This nanoparticle structural assembly persists even when these dye···TiO2 interfaces are fabricated using hundred-fold diluted dye sensitization concentrations. The formation of dye aggregates in N749 is further studied as a function of dye sensitization time. This tracks the pattern formation of aggregates of N749 and reveals that dye aggregation begins within the first hour and has completed within a 5 h period. The large expanse of dye nanoaggregates observed shows that dye···dye interactions are much more important than previously envisaged, while the nature of their spatial distribution can be related to different aggregation modes of the dye molecules. These nanostructural features will undoubtedly impact the performance of DSSCs.
关键词： aggregation,N749,dye-sensitized solar cell,atomic force microscopy,N3,SQ-2,MK-2
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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The near-infrared fluorescent dye IR-780 was coupled with cabazitaxel for castration-resistant prostate cancer imaging and therapy
摘要： A new drug, Caba-780, was synthesized by chemical coupling of the heptamethyl phthalocyanine near-infrared fluorescent (NIRF) dye IR-780 and the paclitaxel-based chemotherapeutic drug cabazitaxel. Then, the potential value of Caba-780 in the diagnosis and treatment of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) was evaluated. The CRPC cell lines DU145 and PC-3, as well as the normal human prostate stromal cell line WPMY-1, were used to evaluate the uptake of Caba-780 and its antitumor effect in vitro. The distribution, antitumor effect, and safety of Caba-780 were also evaluated in tumor-bearing mouse xenograft models. Our results showed that Caba-780 was efficiently absorbed by DU145 and PC-3 cells and that the cytotoxicity of Caba-780 was significantly stronger than that of IR-780 and cabazitaxel. In addition, Caba-780 inhibited the migration and invasion of DU145 and PC-3 cells and promoted apoptosis by prolonging the G2 phase of the cell cycle. Further analysis indicated that Caba-780 could be used to effectively image tumor xenografts. At the same time, this drug inhibited the growth of tumors in vivo. Therefore, the new synthetic drug Caba-780 has potential applications in the diagnosis and treatment of CRPC.
关键词： Organic anion-transporting polypeptide,Chemotherapy,Castration-resistant prostate cancer,Near-infrared fluorescent dye
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Controlling dye coverage instead of addition of organic acid to reduce dye aggregation in dye-sensitized solar cells
摘要： The photo-generated electron injection yield of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) based on donor-acceptor conjugated dyes is lowered by the aggregation of surface adsorbed organic dyes that pose a low-photoenergy conversion efficiency. Coadsorbates used to prevent the aggregation cause to decompose or detach the dye molecules anchored on the TiO2 surface. In this study, the effect of coadsorption of organic acid and organic dyes on photovoltaic performances was systematically scrutinized by means of adsorption isotherms and photovoltaic measurements. Our laboratory synthesized {0 1 0}-faceted TiO2 (PA TiO2) and P25 TiO2 were used as meso-porous nanocrystals, D149 organic dye was used as a sensitizer and cheno-deoxycholic acid, CDA, was used as a coadsorbate. The coadsorption of CDA reduces the adsorption parameters, maximum adsorption density (Qm) and adsorption constant (Kad), and the reduction depended on the type of TiO2. The photovoltaic performance indicates that the D149 dye has the best dye coverage at around 70% for the effective photovoltaic energy conversion. The coadsorption of CDA increased the photovoltaic performances of DSSCs based on P25 TiO2 but, CDA decreased the photovoltaic performances of DSSCs based on PA TiO2 due to the reduction of the dye coverage below 70%. The results suggest that the coadsorption of organic acids is not necessary if the particular TiO2 can maintain its coverage at the best coverage. Thus, the requirement of coadsorbates to reduce the dye aggregation depends on the type of TiO2 used in DSSCs.
关键词： Coverage,Adsorption isotherms,Coadsoptions,Aggregations,Photovoltaic performances,Dye-sensitized solar cells
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Efficacy of propranolol and pingyangmycin, respectively, combined with pulsed dye laser on children with hemangioma
摘要： Clinical efficacy of propranolol and pingyangmycin, respectively, combined with pulsed dye laser in the treatment of children with hemangioma was analyzed, to provide a new therapeutic idea for their clinical treatment. A total of 120 children with hemangioma were selected into the study. Children treated with propranolol combined with pulsed dye laser were in group A, those treated with pingyangmycin combined with pulsed dye laser were in group B, and 60 healthy children were selected as control group (group C). Blood samples of children were taken before and after treatment for miR?4295 detection. The expression of miR?4295 was observed after treatment, and the total clinical remission rate and adverse reactions after treatment were compared between the two groups. The tumor volume of the two groups was significantly reduced after treatment, with statistically significant difference (P<0.05); miR?4295 expression was reduced in the two groups (P<0.05); adverse reactions in propranolol group were less than pingyangmycin group during treatment (P<0.05). Propranolol and pingyangmycin, respectively, combined with pulsed dye laser had ideal efficacy on hemangioma in children. Moreover, miR?4295 was highly expressed in children with hemangioma, and the expression level reduced after two methods of treatment. However, adverse reactions in propranolol group were less and its safety was higher.
关键词： pingyangmycin,miR?4295,children with hemangioma,pulsed dye laser
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01