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An analytical method to create patient-specific deformed bone models using X-ray images and a healthy bone model
摘要： Generation of patient-specific bone models from X-ray images is useful for various medical applications such as total hip replacement, implant manufacturing, knee kinematic studies and deformity correction. These models may provide valuable information required for a more reliable operation. In this work, we propose a new algorithm for generating patient-specific 3D models of femur and tibia with deformity, using only a generic healthy bone model and some simple measurements taken on the X-ray images of the diseased bone. Using the X-ray measurements, an interpolation function (a polynomial or a cubic spline) is fit to the mid-diaphyseal curve of the actual bone and the generic bone model is deformed in the guidance of this function with free form deformation method. The created models are intended to be used mainly for the visualization of fixation procedure in software-supported external fixation systems. An error measure is defined to quantify the error in this matching procedure. The method is found to be capable of producing deformed tibia models that satisfactorily reflect the actual bones, as confirmed by two orthopaedic surgeons who use software-supported external fixation systems regularly.
关键词： Deformity,3D bone modeling,Free form deformation,External fixation,Patient-specific bone models,Mathematical modeling
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:21
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Spontaneous and Dramatic Improvements in Open Bite Deformity Secondary to Large Maxillofacial Venous Malformation With Macroglossia After Sclerotherapy and Laser Therapy
摘要： Large maxillofacial venous malformation (VM) lesions can affect the craniofacial skeleton, causing occlusal and craniofacial deformity. Few studies have discussed the management of these skeletal disorders. It is unclear whether orthodontic treatment and orthognathic surgery are necessary after such a VM lesion has been significantly reduced. Methods: A 13-year-old boy with a large, extensive maxillofacial VM lesion, severe facial asymmetry, macroglossia, and lower hypertrophy visited our department in 2010. He received more than 100 sclerotherapy treatments and 20 laser treatments in the past 8 years. Results: The patient’s cosmetic disfigurement greatly improved, and the VM lesion diminished by more than 80%. Changes in the bite and craniofacial skeleton progressed from ‘‘normal’’ to ‘‘open bite with skeletal deformity’’ and finally to ‘‘spontaneously close to normal’’. Conclusions: During the progression of VM, removal of the aggravation of open bite pathogenic factors can inhibit deformity and promote the spontaneous improvement, thereby circumventing the need for complicated osteotomy, orthodontic intervention and/or orthognathic surgery.
关键词： skeletal deformity,Laser therapy,open bite deformity,venous malformation,sclerotherapy,macroglossia
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Accuracy of 3D surface scanners for clinical torso and spinal deformity assessment
摘要： Externally visible deformities are cosmetic features of great concern for Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis (AIS) patients. Current assessment techniques for AIS do not fully encompass the external deformity. A non-invasive method capable of capturing superficial anatomy, such as 3D scanning, would enable better qualitative and quantitative evaluation of cosmesis. This study aimed to quantify the accuracy of commonly available scanners, in assessing posterior asymmetry in AIS. The technique of 3D surface deviation analysis was proposed as a suitable method for comparing the models created by each scanner. Eight plaster cast moulds manufactured to create braces for AIS patients were used as test samples. Four 3D scanners were selected: Solutionix RexScan CS + ; Artec Eva; Microsoft Kinect V1; iPhone with 123D Catch App. These scanners were selected from those available as representative of a range of scanning technologies. Each cast was scanned and 3D models created. A simulated rib hump measurement was obtained and the surface-to-surface deviations between the Solutionix scan and all other scans were determined. The Solutionix scanner is a metrology scanner of very high quality and so it was selected as the reference. Surface-to-surface deviations were calculated in the positive and negative directions separately to specifically identify size and volume inaccuracies created by the scans. Surface deviations showed excellent agreement between the Solutionix and the Eva with deviations of + 0.17 ± 0.17 mm (Eva regions larger) and ?0.20 ± 0.32 mm (Eva regions smaller) (mean ±SD). The Kinect showed lower agreement ( + 1.58 ± 1.50 mm and ?0.58 ± 0.58 mm). The iPhone scans were not able to be scaled to the correct size, so were excluded. Rib hump measurements with all scanners were within clinical measurement variability ( ±4.9 deg) of the known values. These commercially available 3D scanners are capable of imaging torso shape in 3D and deriving clinically relevant external deformity measures. The non-invasive 3D topographic information provided can be used to improve assessment of torso shape in spinal deformity patients.
关键词： Torso Deformity,3D Scanning,Scoliosis,Accuracy,Reproducibility of results,Surface topography,Surface Deviations
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36