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Suppression of crystallization in ZBLAN glass by rapid heating and cooling processing
摘要： ZBLAN glass is a heavy metal fluoride glass that tends to undergo heavy devitrification, resulting in a crystalline material. It has many applications, including its use as an optical waveguide for fibre optic technology. However, when the glass is processed with traditional casting techniques, crystallites form readily that act as scattering centres, which results in large attenuation losses. In this study, it has been experimentally demonstrated that processing ZBLAN rapidly with a heating rate of 25,000 K/min and cooling rate of 4,000 K/min yields test samples that are fully amorphous and retain a disordered molecular arrangement characteristic of its molten state. This novel method was developed using a specifically designed equipment named a Rapid Electro-thermal Processing Device, or “REPD”. The REPD applies ohmic heating and thermal conduction to a heat sink to rapidly process the ZBLAN material. The absence of crystallites in the rapidly processed ZBLAN test samples were verified using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis. Applying a theoretical algorithm, the critical cooling rate for yielding fully amorphous ZBLAN glass was determined to be 1081 K/min for a sample volume of 9.4 x 10-8 m3.
关键词： rapid cooling,microscopy,crystallization,ohmic heating,cooling rate,Joule heating,rapid heating,diffraction experiment,ZBLAN
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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A Mechanical and modelling study of magnetron sputtered Cerium-Titanium Oxide film coatings on Si (100)
摘要： Ce/Ti mixed metal oxide thin films have well known optoelectrical properties amongst several other physio-chemical properties. Changes in the structural and mechanical properties of magnetron sputtered Ce/Ti oxide thin films on Si (100) wafers with different Ce:Ti ratios are investigated experimentally and by modelling. X-ray Photoemission Spectroscopy (XPS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirm the primary phases as trigonal Ce2O3 and rutile form of TiO2 with SiO2 present in all prepared materials. FESEM imaging delivers information based on the variation of grain size, the mixed Ce/Ti oxides providing much smaller grain sizes in the thin film/substrate composite. Nanoindentation analysis concludes that the pure cerium oxide film has the highest hardness value (20.1 GPa), while the addition of excess titanium oxide decreases the hardness of the film coatings. High temperature in-situ XRD (up to 1000 °C) results indicate high thermal phase stability for all materials studied. The film with Ce:Ti = 68%:32% has a new additional minor oxide phase above 800 °C. Contact angle experiments suggest that the chemical composition of the surface is insignificant affecting the water contact angle. Results show a narrow band of 87.7o to 95.7o contact angle. The finite element modelling (FEM) modelling of Ce/Ti thin film coatings based on Si(100); Si(110); silica and steel substrates shows a variation in stress concentration.
关键词： in-situ X-ray diffraction,Finite element modelling,Nanoindentation,Cerium titanium oxides,Mechanical properties
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Preparation of high-quality stress-free (001) aluminum nitride thin film using a dual Kaufman ion-beam source setup
摘要： We proposed and demonstrated a preparation method of (001) preferentially oriented stress-free AlN piezoelectric thin films. The AlN thin films were deposited by a reactive sputtering technique at substrate temperatures up to 330 °C using a dual Kaufman ion-beam source setup. We deposited the AlN on Si (100), Si (111), amorphous SiO2, and a (001) preferentially oriented Ti thin film and compared their crystallographic, optical, and piezoelectric properties. The AlN thin films deposited on the (001) preferentially oriented Ti thin films have the highest crystallographic quality. The stress-free AlN reached a high value of the piezoelectric coefficient d33 = (7.33 ± 0.08) pC·N?1. The properties of the AlN thin film prepared at such low temperatures are suitable for numerous microelectromechanical systems, piezoelectric sensors, and actuators monolithically integrated with complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor signal-processing circuits.
关键词： Ellipsometry,Aluminum nitride thin film,Optical properties,d33 piezoelectric coefficient,Kaufman ion-beam source,Ion-beam sputtering deposition,(001) preferential orientation,X-ray diffraction
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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New blue phosphorescence from trifluorosulfonyl-substituted iridium complexes
摘要： For color-pure phosphorescence organic light emitting diodes (PHOLEDs), we synthesized the trifluoromethyl sulfonyl substituted ligand and two new blue Iridium complexes with perfluoro-sulfonyl group (SOCF3pic and SOCF3mpic). The both iridium complexes showed similar photophysical and thermal properties while the HOMO energy leves of two Iridium complexes slightly differnet to be -5.84 eV for SOCF3pic and -5.74 eV for SOCF3mpic, respectively. The device with the SOCF3mpic dopant exhibited higher device efficiencies of 7.17 cd/A and 3.7 % compared to that with the SOCF3pic dopant (4.03 cd/A and 2.78 %). Two-dimensional GIXD images of scattered X-ray intensity from surface to full depth for SOCF3pic-doped and SOCF3mpic-doped TCTA:4PTPS films were characterized for preferential orientation along the out-of-plane direction.
关键词： preferential orientation along the out-of-plane direction,blue phosphorescence,iridium complex,grazing incidence wide-angle X-ray diffraction,organic light emitting diodes
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Photocatalytic oxidation of aromatic alcohols over silver supported on cobalt oxide nanostructured catalyst
摘要： In this paper, we report an in-situ synthesis of silver supported on cobalt oxide (Ag/Co3O4) nanoparticles (NPs) and studied the catalytic activity of this material as an eco-friendly, simple, recyclable and efficient catalyst for one‐pot photocatalytic oxidation of aromatic alcohols. Ag nanoparticles with the sizes of 2–5 nm supported on spherical Co3O4 with the radius between 40 and 60 nm were synthesized by homogeneous chemical precipitation followed by hydrothermal heating. The as-synthesized catalyst was thoroughly characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), elemental mapping, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and N2 adsorption-desorption isotherm (BET) analysis. It was observed that the catalysts with 1 wt% of silver loading shows high activity and selectivity toward the target aldehyde product. The effects of different reaction parameters such as reaction time, oxidant and solvent were investigated and studied in detail. The synergistic effect between the surface Ag NPs and Co3O4 nanospheres plays a vital role toward very high catalytic activity.
关键词： Oxide materials,Chemical synthesis,Catalysis,X-ray diffraction
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Crystal growth and characterization of γ-glycine grown from AgSO4 for nonlinear optical applications
摘要： In the present work 0.1 M to 0.5 M proportions of silver sulphate (AgSO4) added glycine single crystals were grown by slow solvent evaporation method. The Powder XRD study confirms that the grown crystals have γ-glycine crystal structure and it crystallizes into a hexagonal structure with a non-centrosymmetric space group of P31. The dielectric constant and dielectric loss of grown crystal was carried out as a function of frequency and the results were discussed. The positive photoconducting nature of the grown crystals was studied by the photoconductivity study. Second harmonic generation (SHG) efficiency of the grown γ-glycine crystal was assessed by using Nd: YAG laser. The results confirms that the grown crystals have higher efficiency compared to the reference (KDP) crystal.
关键词： B2. Dielectric Materials,A1. X-ray diffraction,A1. Crystal structure,B2. Nonlinear optic materials
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Structural and conduction behaviour of (BaSr)0.5TiO3 modified in BFO perovskite
摘要： The multiferroic ceramic (BiBa0.5Sr0.5)0.5 (Fe0.5Ti0.5) O3 (BFO-BST) is prepared in an economic way by conventional solid state reaction route and its different behaviours are studied and reported. The X-Ray diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) investigations have confirmed single phase forming by the compound. Full proof reitveld analysis has been used for structural refinement. XRD pattern of the sample it is inferred that the observed peaks and calculated peaks are well matched with each other having minimum deviation. The density of the compound is quiet high as calculated by above analysis as well as from SEM image. Dielectric behaviour of the compound has been analyzed through the variation of dielectric constant with frequency while the electrical behaviour is studied through the complex impedance and modulus analysis. Additionally, verification of Jonscher's power law from ac conductivity study gives the detail findings about electrical behaviour of the material.
关键词： Modulus,Ceramic,X-ray diffraction,Impedance
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Synthesis, crystal structure, vibrational and optical properties of a new Bi(III) halide complex: (C9H13N2O2)2Bi2Cl8
摘要： A new Bi(III) halide complex, (C9H13N2O2)2Bi2Cl8, was successfully grown by slow evaporation method. The structure of this hybrid compound was determinated by single crystal X-ray diffraction and further characterized by IR and RAMAN spectra, UV-Visible, luminescence and DFT calculations. This compound crystallizes in the monoclinic system P21/n space group with the following lattice parameters: a = 10.2036 (4), b = 9.8723 (4), c = 14.5920 (6) ?, ? = 99.899 (4)°, V = 1448.01 (10) ?3 and Z =2. The crystal structure of this compound was solved by direct methods and refined to R = 0.038 (wR = 0.079), based on 4118 unique observed reflections. The crystal structure consists of a 1-(2-furoyl)piperazinium cation and discrete (0D) anion built up of edge-sharing bioctahedra which are linked by bifurcated N-H…Cl and N-H…O hydrogen bonds to build up the whole molecular packing. The optical properties of this compound were studied by UV–Vis, luminescence spectroscopy and by Time Dependent Density Functional Theory studies. The vibrational properties of this compound were investigated by Infrared and Raman spectroscopy and compared with the calculated ones. The nature and amount of contacts in the crystal packing were investigated by means the Hirshfeld surfaces. Ab-initio and DFT calculations were also performed on whole compound and on reduced model: bis(μ2-chloro)-diaqua-hexachloro-di-bismuth.
关键词： luminescence,X-Ray diffraction,Vibrational studies,Bismuthates,DFT calculations
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Structural, optical, electrical and thermal characteristics of La{CS(NH2)2CO(NH2)2}Cl3 : A novel hybrid complex for optoelectronic applications
摘要： A hybrid complex of lanthanum chloride with urea and thiourea is crystallized at room temperature by conventional solution method. The structural investigations by single crystal X-ray diffraction confirmed the orthorhombic system with cell dimensions a = 7.676 ?, b = 8.564 ?, c = 5.498 ?, α = β = γ = 90°. The optical studies by UV–VIS absorption spectroscopy shows the complex exhibits transmittance about 96%. The complex is characterized as the wide band gap crystals with value greater than 4 eV. The dielectric properties were studied in frequency range 10 kHz–1 MHz in temperature range 303–453 K. The ac conductivity was found to obey the universal power law and suggests the correlated barrier hoping mechanism dominating the conduction process. The thermal stability and the decomposition mechanism were confirmed by thermo gravimetric and differential thermo analytical (TG/DTA) techniques.
关键词： Dielectric analysis,ac conductivity,Hybrid complex,X-ray diffraction,UV–Vis spectrum
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Catalytic Growth of 1D ZnO Nanoneedles on Glass Substrates Through Vapor Transport
摘要： In this study, one-dimensional (1D) zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoneedles are successfully fabricated on a Ag catalyst-coated glass substrate through simple physical vapor deposition via thermal evaporation of zinc (Zn) powder in the presence of oxygen (O2) gas at a low growth temperature of 450°C. The growth rate and diameter of ZnO nanoneedles increase as a function of varying silver (Ag) film thicknesses and argon (Ar) flow rates. Detailed structural investigations confirm that the synthesized nanoneedles have high crystallinity with a hexagonal wurtzite structure, and they preferentially grow along the c-axis orientation. This approach provides a simple and cost-effective method for the synthesis and controlled growth of 1D nanostructures, which can be useful in solid-state devices and various optoelectronic applications.
关键词： 1D ZnO,x-ray diffraction,UV emission enhancement,structural properties
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52