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Composite of lampblack and printer toner powder as a low-cost counter electrode material for dye-sensitized solar cells
摘要： Lampblack prepared by using a traditional mustard oil lamp was mixed with printer toner in the ratio of 1:1 by weight and the composite was used as a low-cost catalyst for the reduction of tri-iodide ions in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs). The X-ray diffraction (XRD) of the lampblack showed that the lampblack contains a carbonaceous material of graphitic form. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of the lampblack and printer toner revealed that the lampblack consists of a few tens of nanometer to 100 nanometer sized particles (or nanosheet) whereas the toner powder consists of micron sized particles. The adhesion test of the composite film on the counter electrode (CE) of the DSC showed that the composite film is firmly attached on the CE. The DSCs based on the composite yielded the overall light to electricity conversion efficiency of 3.20 % (Jsc = 7.90 mA/cm2, Voc = 0.667 V and FF = 0.607) compared with 4.18 % efficiency (Jsc = 8.56 mA/cm2, Voc = 0.748 V and FF = 0.654) of the DSC based on platinum when the solar cells were tested in the simulated light of 100 mW/cm2.
关键词： Counter electrode,Carbon,Printer toner,Lampblack,Dye-sensitized solar cell
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Composite electrode of TiO2 particles with three kinds of crystal phases for significantly improved performance of dye-sensitized solar cells
摘要： A novel composite electrode of TiO2 particles with three kinds of crystal phases is fabricated for improving the dye-sensitized solar cell's performance. The photoelectric conversion efficiency of solar cell with the content of 30 wt% brookite nanocubes and 70 wt% P25 could reach 7.40%. It is obvious that brookite nanocubes are advantageous in terms of reduced charge recombination and higher voltage. On the other hand, P25 gives advantages of high surface area for dye loading and higher charge collection efficiency. This work shows a new photoelectrode design for enhanced energy conversion of DSSCs.
关键词： Composite electrode,Dye-sensitized solar cell,Brookite titania,Photoelectrochemcial property,Photovoltaic conversion efficiency
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Ionic conductivity enhancement of a??soggy sanda?? electrolytes with AlOOH nanofibers for dye-sensitized solar cells
摘要： As one of the main components, inorganic nanofillers have important effect on the performance of “soggy sand” electrolytes. In this study, we first incorporate AlOOH nanofibers into ionic liquid electrolytes to enhance the mechanical property and ionic conductivity of the electrolytes. The AlOOH nanofiber has high aspect ratio coupled with favorable surface properties such as rich hydroxyl groups, which facilitate to interact with cations of ionic liquids, promote salt dissociation, and form stable gels by self-assembly. In addition, the nanofiber fillers with high aspect ratio can form ion-conducting network channels and longer-range continuous ion transport pathways. The enhancing ionic conductivity of “soggy sand” electrolytes and performance of DSSCs due to addition of AlOOH nanofibers are systematically investigated by various techniques. The highest ionic conductivity of “soggy sand” electrolyte reaches 3.69 mS cm?1 at room temperature, which is 4 times than that of the pristine ionic liquid electrolyte. The effective solidification by AlOOH nanofibers provides substantial improvements in stability. The “soggy sand” electrolytes with AlOOH nanofibers can significantly improve the performance of devices by accelerating charge transport, reducing electron recombination and increasing charge collection efficiency. The DSSC with AlOOH nanofibers in electrolyte yields a high efficiency up to 7.89%, which is 29% higher than that of the reference device.
关键词： Nanofiber,Dye-sensitized solar cell,Ionic liquid,“Soggy sand” electrolyte,Ionic conductivity
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Tuning electrolyte configuration and composition for fiber-shaped dye-sensitized solar cell with poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) gel electrolyte
摘要： Efficient energy generation device is desired to couple with soft electronics for driving devices. Due to frequent uses of soft electronics in indoor conditions, flexible fiber-shaped dye-sensitized solar cell (FDSC) is regarded as the most promising energy generation device due to high light-to-electricity conversion maintenance under weak dim light. Using gel electrolyte to assemble FDSC cannot only restrict electrolyte leakage but also improve device flexibility and stability especially under bending conditions. In this study, poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVdF-HFP) gel electrolyte is used to fabricate FDSC composed of curled TiO2 nanotube/Ti wire photoanode and Pt counter electrode. It is the first time to control gel electrolyte configuration by adding different PVdF-HFP concentrations, and to optimize iodine concentration in electrolyte regarding to redox ability and electrolyte transmittance. Configuration of gel electrolyte is carefully analyzed to define porous layer and concrete layer of polymer for accumulating liquid electrolyte and inhibiting leakage and evaporation. The highest solar-to-electricity conversion efficiency of 6.32% is obtained for FDSC with 9% PVdF-HFP and 0.04 M I2 in electrolyte, due to well-defined cross-linking structure, abundant redox reactions, and high incident-light illumination through electrolyte. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and intensity-modulated photocurrent/photovoltage spectroscopy are used to analyze charge-transfer resistance and charge-collection efficiency.
关键词： Iodine,Cross-linking,Poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene),Fiber-shaped dye-sensitized solar cell,Gel electrolyte
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Achieving a superior electrocatalytic activity of carbon cloth via atomic layer deposition as a flexible counter electrode for efficient dye-sensitized solar cells
摘要： Dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) is appealing to renewable energy communities because of its attractive features of low cost, facile assembly and short energy payback time. Nevertheless, the commonly used platinum as the counter electrode (CE) encounters great difficulties in its scarcity and noble nature. Herein, we demonstrate a promising and facile route to attain an earth-abundant, high-conductivity Pt-free flexible CE with the controllable catalytic activity via the atomic layer deposition (ALD) of ZnO as the nanoscale sacrificial template. Our result reveals the electrocatalytic activity of carbon cloth as a function of surface morphology can be successfully tailored by the ALD cycle. It can be ascribed to the interplay of ZnO and carbon during carbothermic reduction, offering the synergetic effects of the defects and oxygen doping on the carbon cloth surface as the enhanced catalytic sites for the regeneration of triiodide into iodide. As a proof of concept, the DSSC using the activated carbon cloth via ALD is enabled to deliver a boosted conversion efficiency by 79%, as compared with that using pristine carbon cloth. Such a promising route can open up a perspective for reaching an earth-abundant, high-conductivity carbon-based flexible CE with the superior catalytic activity for the photoelectrochemical cells.
关键词： Pt-free counter electrode,Dye-sensitized solar cell,Carbon cloth,Atomic layer deposition,ZnO
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Sputtered and heat-treated TiO2 electrodes for dye-sensitized solar cells applications
摘要： In this work, sputtering method has been used to deposit thin films of TiO2 to be utilized for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The obtained TiO2 films have been annealed up to 550 °C. X-ray diffraction (XRD) results have shown that there is no change in the crystal structure upon annealing. In addition, two phases of TiO2, anatase and rutile, have been observed; however, the anatase phase is dominant, especially with annealing, and the particle size was between11.6 nm and 20 nm. The optical properties of the prepared and annealed films have been investigated using spectrophotometer. The transmittance was observed to decrease with annealing which can be attributed to the improvement of the crystalinity of the films upon annealing. The absorption and reflectance have been observed to decrease with annealing including some effects from the scattering of light in TiO2 films due to the multilayer structure. The prepared TiO2 films have been used to construct DSSCs. The I–V characteristics of these cells have shown a good performance with an increase of the efficiency from 1.24 to 1.98 for the as-deposited and annealed sample at 550 °C, respectively. Furthermore, the constructed DSSCs have exhibited stability and reproducibility over time.
关键词： TiO2,Sputtering method,Dye-sensitized solar cell,Conversion efficiency
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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An efficient visible-light-responsive surface charge transfer complex AA-TiO2 based dye-sensitized solar cell
摘要： This work investigated a new strategy for visible light responsive dye-sensitized solar cell: the ligand-to-metal charge transfer (LMCT) takes place between TiO2 nanoparticles and ascorbic acid (AA). The surface LMCT complex AA-TiO2 extended the spectral responsive range to 800 nm and exhibited prominent visible light activity, enhancing utilization of the solar spectrum. The optimal photovoltaic conversion efficiency of the visible-light-responsive AA-TiO2 based dye-sensitized solar cell reach value of 3.50%. The low-cost, non-toxic and environment friendly surface adsorbate AA will demonstrate a feasible approach for replacing the most common used ruthenium complex dyes, thereby offering a strategy for development of low-cost and high efficiency DSSCs.
关键词： Dye-sensitized solar cell,Surface complex,Ligand-to-metal charge transfer (LMCT),Ascorbic acid,Visible light activity
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Direct dynamic evidence of charge separation in a dyea??sensitized solar cell under operando conditions by Raman spectroscopy
摘要： Interfaces play an important role in enhancing the energy conversion performance of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs). The interface effects have been studied by many techniques, but almost all studies only performed on a portion of DSC, rather than on a complete solar cell. Hence, monitoring the interface evolution of a DSC is still very challenging. Here, in situ/operando resonance Raman (RR) spectroscopic analyses were carried out to monitor the dynamic observations of the photovoltaic conversion process from a DSC. We observed the creation of new species (i.e., polyiodide and iodine aggregates) in the photosensitization process. We also successfully identified molecular-scale dynamic evidence that the bands from the C═C of 2,2’-bipyridyl (bpy), the S═C═N of NCS ligand and photochemical products show reasonably strong intensity and frequency changes, which clearly demonstrates that they are important pathways of charge separation. Furthermore, RR spectroscopy also be applicable to quickly evaluate the performance of DSCs.
关键词： dye-sensitized solar cell,semiconductor,TiO2 nanotube array,Raman spectroscopy,charge transfer
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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White Painting Pigment as a Low-Cost Light Scattering Material for Bilayer Photoelectrodes of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells
摘要： White pigment (DuPont R902+) has been used as a light scattering material in the preparation of bilayer photoelectrodes of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs). The X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern of the white pigment revealed that the material consists of rutile phase of titanium dioxide. The light scattering layer prepared from the white pigment was coated onto the main-layer of the photoelectrodes of DSCs. The solar cells with and without light scattering layer were tested in the simulated light of 100 mW/cm2. The DSCs with the light scattering layer generated more current density than the DSCs without scattering layer and the overall light to electric power conversion efficiency of DSCs with the light scattering layer was ~4.00 % compared with 3.25 % efficiency of the DSCs without the scattering layer.
关键词： Dye-sensitized solar cell,Photoelectrode,Light scattering layer,Transmittance,White pigment (R902+),Rutile titanium dioxide
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Poly(ethylene glycol)a??poly(propylene glycol)a??poly(ethylene glycol) and polyvinylidene fluoride blend doped with oxydianiline-based thiourea derivatives as a novel and modest gel electrolyte system for dye-sensitized solar cell applications
摘要： Unique symmetrical thiourea derivatives with an oxydianiline core were synthesized using cost-effective and simple methods. A new gel electrolyte system was prepared using these thiourea additives along with a highly conductive PEG–PPG–PEG block copolymer, PVDF, and an iodide/triiodide redox couple. The PEG units present in the electrolyte are well-known for their intense segmental motion of ions, which can degrade the recombination rate and favour the charge transfer. The thiourea additives interacted well with the redox couple to limit iodine sublimation and their adsorption induced a negative potential shift for TiO2. The highest efficiency attained by utilizing such gel polymer electrolytes was 5.75%, especially with 1,10-(oxybis(4,1-phenylene))bis(3-(6-methylpyridin-2-yl) thiourea) (OPPT), under an irradiation of 100 mW cm?2. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, UV-vis absorption spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and FTIR spectroscopy data of such gel polymer electrolytes favoured the PCE order of the additives used in DSSCs. The improvement in the DSSC performance with symmetrical thioureas having electron-rich atoms was practically attributed to the reduction of back electron transfer, dye regeneration, and hole transport.
关键词： Poly(ethylene glycol),poly(ethylene glycol),dye-sensitized solar cell,polyvinylidene fluoride,poly(propylene glycol),oxydianiline-based thiourea derivatives,gel electrolyte system
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57