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- 摘要
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- 实验方案
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The Effect of Ir Content on the Stability of Ti/IrO <sub/>2</sub> -SnO <sub/>2</sub> -Sb <sub/>2</sub> O <sub/>5</sub> Electrodes for O <sub/>2</sub> Evolution
摘要： Ternary IrO2-SnO2-Sb2O5 is among the best electrocatalysts for O2 evolution. Its compositions, especially its Ir content, have significant impacts on the electrochemical stability, activity, and cost of the electrode. In this paper, the effects of Ir content on the electrochemical stability and activity of the Ti/IrO2-SnO2-Sb2O5 electrodes were investigated. Experimental results show that the electrochemical stability initially increased with nominal Ir content until 10 mol%. From 10–30 mol%, the effect of Ir composition gives insignificant difference. Further increase in Ir content beyond 30 mol% resulted in a decrease in the electrochemical stability. The performance of the electrode depends on all the steps it was made with about 15 % variation observed at Ir content of 20 mol%, where the longest average accelerated service life was found to be 1063 h under the conditions of anodic current density of 10 000 A/m2 in 3 mol/L H2SO4 electrolyte at 70 oC. The study on electrode degradation and failure mechanism reveals that the development of cracks or pores in the coating surface, the loss of Sb and Ir contents, and crystalline structure change of the coating during the life test facilitated the deactivation of the electrode. Moreover, the non-conductive TiO2 interlayer formation was found to be responsible for the peeling of the coating layer, leading to the failure of Ti/IrO2 -SnO2-Sb2O5, especially with high Ir content (> 30 mol% in nominal).
关键词： metal oxide anode,electrochemical process,DSA,electrode stability
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Semiconductor α-Fe <sub/>2</sub> O <sub/>3</sub> Hematite Fabricated Electrode for Sensitive Detection of Phenolic Pollutants
摘要： Hematite (α-Fe2O3) semiconductor is an abundant and non-toxic catalyst for different (photo)electrochemical reactions. In this work, a selective p-nitrophenol sensor was developed by fabricating a thin-layer of a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) with 5% nafion coating binders onto α-Fe2O3 thin film synthesized by a simple and inexpensive process. High sensitivity including long-term stability, and enhanced linear dynamic range, electrochemical performance towards p-nitrophenol were achieved by a reliable current-voltage method. A linear calibration curve was observed over a wide range of p-nitrophenol concentrations. Very low detection limit (0.6 ? 0.02 nM), good limit of quantification (2.0 nM) and high sensor sensitivity (K = 74.1 μA?cm(cid:0) 2) are calculated based on noise to signal ratio of ～ 3 N/S. Very importantly, the detection range covers over 7 orders of magnitude concentrations, from nM to mM. Figures of merits are comparable with best reported results whilst using a very simple device configuration. We show that hematite is an excellent material for the development of chemical sensors to detect hazardous compounds for environmental safety in a broad scale of concentrations.
关键词： Environmental safety,Sensitivity,p-Nitrophenol sensor,Hematite α-Fe2O3,Glassy carbon electrode
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Diffusion and Kinetica??Controlled Electrochemical Reactions for Improving the Performance of Solutiona??based Electrochemiluminescence Devices
摘要： Electrochemiluminescence (ECL) refers to the generation of light at an excited state owing to an electron transfer reaction between the electrochemically generated species located around the electrode. The ECL controlled by varying the potential has attracted attention for application in various fields, such as chemical analysis, immunoassay, and optoelectronic devices. Among them, ECL devices (ECLDs) have recently been considered as promising next-generation displays due to their low energy consumption, simple fabrication process, and ability to function in direct current (DC) and alternating current (AC). Most ECLDs have a single active layer, in which the ECL luminophore and electrolyte are mixed between two electrodes, acting as the anode and the cathode in a sandwich-type ECLD. Thus, the working mechanism of ECLDs differs from those of conventional light-emitting diodes (LEDs). This is due to the electrochemical system driven by the mass transfer of the mobile counter ions and luminophore present in the active layer. When external force such as current or voltage is applied to the ECLDs, the electrolyte ions acting as the mobile counter ions is redistributed to each electrode, after which the electrochemical double layers (EDLs) form at the electrode/active layer interface, leading to the generating of a high electric field. As a result, the electron transfer reaction between the electrode and the ECL luminophore occurs effectively, and an electric circuit, through which a faradaic current flows, is formed. Consequently, the redox species encounter each other in the ECLDs to form an excited state through electron exchange, followed by a self-terminating ECL. The ECL is affected both by the electron transfer rate (ko) between the ECL luminophore and electrode and by the diffusion-limited reaction associated with the mass transfer of the ECL luminophore. These factors are determined by the operational method, and the type and concentration of the electrolyte. Although several studies related to this subject have been reported, the dynamics of the electrochemical reactions involving the ko and the diffusion-limited reactions in ECLDs have not been properly elucidated.
关键词： Diffusion-limited reaction,Redox species,Electrode transfer reaction,Electrochemical reaction,Electrochemiluminescence
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Application of Co-Mo bimetal/carbon composite in dye-sensitized solar cells and its research on synergy mechanism
摘要： Bimetal/carbon aerogels have many advantages, such as nano-scale properties, low density, large specific surface area, and high porosity, but their application in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) as a counter electrode (CE) instead of noble metal Pt is relatively rare. In this paper, a low-cost sodium alginate was used to obtain a Co-Mo bimetal/carbon composite through a simple and controlled carbonization process. Using them as CEs of ZnO-based DSSCs, the filling characteristics of dye can be effectively improved. When the Co2+/Mo2+ molar ratio is 1:3, the photoelectric conversion efficiency of Co-Mo bimetal/ carbon composite–based DSSCs is close to the photoelectric conversion efficiency of Pt based, which is considered to be the result of the synergy of the carbon and two metal ions.
关键词： Counter electrode,Bimetal/carbon composite,Synergy,Dye-sensitized solar cells,Aerogel
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Evaluation of solution processable polymer reduced graphene oxide transparent films as counter electrodes for dye-sensitized solar cells
摘要： This paper reports the synthesis of reduced oxide (RGO) coated polyaniline (PANi) nanocomposites via in-situ emulsion polymerization and its application as counter electrode for dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The synthesized nanocomposites were systematically characterized through Scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform resonance infra-red (FTIR) and Raman spectroscopy indicating the uniform intercalation of polyaniline with reduced graphene oxide. The synergy between RGO and PANi chains owing to the co-doped SDS and H2SO4 leads to the enhanced solubility and improved electrocatalytic activity, that was further confirmed through electrochemical measurements to satisfy the criteria for application as cost effective counter electrode material for scalable DSSC. The fabricated CE was highly transparent and reached the conversion efficiency which is comparable to that of Platinum with a current density of (12.58 mA. cm-2) and (13.11 mA. cm-2) respectively under an illumination of AM 1.5 G (100 mW. cm-2) simulated solar light with an overall photo conversion efficiency of 3.9 %. Thus PANi/RGO based nanocomposites could therefore serve as efficient alternative material to Pt. free CE in DSSC.
关键词： In-situ emulsion polymerization,PANi,DSSC,counter electrode,reduced graphene oxide
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Nickel sulphide-reduced graphene oxide composites as counter electrode for dye-sensitized solar cells: Influence of nickel chloride concentration
摘要： Nickel sulphide-reduced graphene oxide (NiS-rGO) composite ?lms have been prepared via modi?ed Hummers’s method assisted with spin coating technique. The NiS-rGO samples were then employed as counter electrode in a dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC). The main aim of this work is to investigate the relationship between the concentrations of NiCl2 with the properties of NiS-rGO and performance parameters of the device. The dominant rGO and minor NiS phase exist in the composite. The morphology of the composite is white strips rGO and NiS agglomerate particle. The element of C, O, Ni and S present in the composite. The highest g of 1.04% and Jsc of 7.39 mA cm(cid:1)2 were obtained from the device with 0.06 M NiCl2 resulted from the longest carrier lifetime. The photovoltaic parameters results reveal that NiS-rGO composite has potential to become as a free platinum counter electrode of DSSC.
关键词： Reduced graphene oxide,Dye-sensitized solar cells,Nickel sulphide,Counter electrode
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Glymphatic clearance of simulated silicon dispersion in mouse brain analyzed by laser induced breakdown spectroscopy
摘要： Silicon-based devices, such as neural probes, are increasingly used as electrodes for receiving electrical signals from neural tissue. Neural probes used chronically have been known to induce inflammation and elicit an immune response. The current study detects and evaluates silicon dispersion from a concentrated source in the mouse brain using laser induced breakdown spectroscopy. Element lines for Si (I) were found at the injection site at approximately 288 nm at 3hr post-implantation, even with tissue perfusion, indicating possible infusion into neural tissue. At 24hr and 1-week post-implantation, no silicon lines were found, indicating clearance. An isolated immune response was found by CD68 macrophage response at 24hr post injection. Future studies should measure chronic silicon exposure to determine if the inflammatory response is proportional to silicon administration. The present type of protocol, coupling laser induced breakdown spectroscopy, neuroimaging, histology, immunohistochemistry, and determination of clearance could be used to investigate the glymphatic system and different tissue states such as in disease (e.g. Alzheimer's).
关键词： Inflammation,Silicon,Neuroscience,Biophysics,Physics methods,Probe,Toxicology,Physics,Optics,Immune response,Electrode
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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High performance UV photodetector based on MoS2 layers grown by pulsed laser deposition technique
摘要： Highly efficient ultraviolet (UV) photodetector based on MoS2 layers has been fabricated using pulsed laser deposition (PLD) technique. Systematic layer dependent photoresponse studies have been performed from single layer to 10 layers of MoS2 by varying the laser pulses to see the effect of the number of layers on the photoelectrical measurements. Raman and Photoluminescence studies have been carried out to ensure the growth of high-quality MoS2 layers. Layers of MoS2 grown at 100 pulses were found to exhibit the characteristic Raman phonon modes i.e. E1 2g and A1g at 383.8 cm-1 and 405.1 cm-1 respectively and Photoluminescence (PL) spectra show B exciton peak for MoS2 at around 625 nm suggesting the growth of high-quality MoS2 layers. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) thickness profiling and cross sectional-high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) analysis gives the thickness of grown MoS2 to be 2.074 nm and 1.94 nm, respectively, confirming the growth of trilayers of MoS2. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) spectra of the grown trilayer sample show characteristic peaks corresponding to Molybdenum and Sulphur doublet (Mo4+ 3d5/2,3/2 and S 2p3/2,1/2) confirming the chemical state of pure MoS2 phase without the presence of any Molybdenum oxide state. Dynamic photoelectrical studies with Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) as contact electrode upon UV laser illumination show superior responsivity of 3×104 A/W at 24 μW optical power of the incident laser (λ=365 nm) and very high detectivity of 1.81×1014 Jones at a low applied bias of 2 V. The obtained results are highly encouraging for the realization of low power consumption and highly efficient UV photodetectors based on MoS2 layers.
关键词： Pulsed laser deposition technique (PLD),2D material,UV photodetector,ITO electrode,cross-sectional TEM,Raman,MoS2 layers,XPS,AFM
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Synthesis of brass nanowires and their use for organic photovoltaics
摘要： Preponderant electric conductivity, high transmittance properties, and large natural abundance of its main component are striking features of copper nanowire (Cu NW)-based thin films. Because they are easily synthesized via low-cost solution-based processes, copper nanowires are considered an affordable next-generation conductor for transparent electrodes. Copper nanowire applications are expected to become more popular over the next decade. However, copper nanowire itself has a tremendously high surface-to-volume ratio and an abundance of surface atoms which lead to its high reactivity with the external environment. This reactivity presents a challenge for the improvement the long-term stability of copper nanowires, as it directly affects their applications. This novel study demonstrates a process to protect copper nanowires with an ultrathin stable brass layer-Cu/Brass NWs. The final product exhibited a high performance comparable to commonly used electrodes with a low sheet resistance of 30 Ω/sq at 89% transparency. Moreover, the Cu/Brass NWs resisted oxidation corrosion as the amplitude resistance fluctuated only around 3 Ω/sq for 30 days. For performance verification, an organic solar cell was fabricated using a Cu/Brass NW-based transparent electrode. It yielded an efficiency of 5.85%, reaching nearly that of a conventional cell using indium tin oxide. This demonstrates that Cu/Brass NWs are very promising for future application in low-cost optoelectronic devices.
关键词： Transparent electrode,Copper nanowire,Copper/brass nanowires,Electroless Zn plating,Organic solar cell
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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AIP Conference Proceedings [AIP Publishing 15th International Conference on Concentrator Photovoltaic Systems (CPV-15) - Fes, Morocco (25–27 March 2019)] 15th International Conference on Concentrator Photovoltaic Systems (CPV-15) - Towards all screen printed back-contact back-junction silicon solar cells
摘要： We report recent progress in the adoption of an optimized screen-printable boron dopant material, which enables the cost-competitive fabrication of novel n-type silicon solar cells such as “nPERT” and “IBC” cells. We manufactured first “IBC” devices with an early version of our dopant material, a co-diffusion approach and evaporated electrodes, achieving an efficiency of 20.9 % in 2016. Since then we optimized the dopant material and co-diffusion processes, as reported in this work. These optimizations now enable a long-term printing of the dopant material, suited for mass production, while maintaining crucial performance parameters. Moreover, we demonstrate a co-diffusion setup with POCl3, which does not require any additional dopant sources and can instead be adjusted with a wet chemical etch back. Combined with new commercially available electrode pastes, which have been evaluated with regard to simultaneous contacting of n- and p-type dopings, all screen printed n-type solar cells become a mass market possibility in the near future.
关键词： screen-printable boron dopant material,co-diffusion,POCl3,electrode pastes,n-type silicon solar cells,wet chemical etch back
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57