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Sol–gel ZnO modified by organic dye molecules for efficient inverted polymer solar cells
摘要： ZnO layer was modified with the addition of Cationic dyes including Crystal Violet (CV)/Ethyl violet (EV) in sol–gel process for an electron transport layer in inverted polymer solar cells (PSCs). X-ray photoelectron spectra showed the presence of CV/EV at the top of ZnO surface. Besides, oxygen defect was significantly reduced by CV/EV modification due to the chloride occupation. Furthermore, the amount of CV/EV decreased progressively from ZnO surface to bottom, being evidenced by depth profile. With modification, the ZnO surface became smoother and more hydrophobic to improve the contact with active layer. Meanwhile, CV/EV participated in the crystallization which resulted in the larger ZnO crystal grain size. Interface dipole after modification would slightly reduce the work function of ZnO and the energy barrier between ZnO and active layer via Ultraviolet Photoelectron Spectroscopy and External Quantum Efficiency analysis. Accordingly, inverted PSCs possessed better morphology, better electron extraction ability with ZnO modified by CV and EV respectively, rendering the power conversion efficiency up to 8.80% and 9.06% in comparison to the pristine ZnO (7.59%). In conclusion, we demonstrate a facile way to improve morphological and electrical properties of ZnO layer by simply adding CV/EV in sol–gel ZnO to fabricate high performance PSCs.
关键词： Interfacial modification,Cationic dye,Polymer solar cells,Electron transport,Sol–gel ZnO
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Influences of Structural Modification of Naphthalenediimides with Benzothiazole on Organic Field-Effect Transistor and Non-Fullerene Perovskite Solar Cell Characteristics
摘要： Developing air-stable high-performance small organic molecule based n-type and ambipolar organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) are very important and highly desirable. In this investigation, we designed and synthesized two naphthalenediimide (NDI) derivatives (NDI-BTH1 and NDI-BTH2), and found that introduction of 2-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl) acetonitrile groups at NDI core position gave lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO, -4.326 eV) and displayed strong electron affinities, suggesting that NDI-BTH1 might be a promising electron transporting material (i.e. n-type semiconductor). Whereas, NDI-BTH2 bearing bis(benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)methane at NDI core with LUMO of -4.243 eV was demonstrated to be ambipolar material. OFET based on NDI-BTH1 and NDI-BTH2 have been fabricated and the charge carrier mobility of NDI-BTH1 and NDI-BTH2 are 14.00 × 10-5 cm2/Vs (μe = electron mobility) and 8.64×10-4 cm2/Vs (μe = electron mobility) and 1.68×10-4 cm2/Vs (μh = hole mobility), respectively. Moreover, a difference in NDI-core substituent moieties significantly alters the UV-vis absorption and cyclic voltammeter properties. Thus, we further successfully employed NDI-BTH1 and NDI-BTH2 as an electron transport layer (ETL) materials in inverted perovskite solar cells (PSCs). The PSC performance exhibits that NDI-BTH2 as ETL material gave higher power conversion efficiency (PCE) as compared to NDI-BTH1 i.e. NDI-BTH2 produces 15.4%, while NDI-BTH1 gives 13.7%, respectively. The PSCs performance is comparable with the results obtained in OFET. We presume that improvement in solar cell efficiency of NDI-BTH2-based PSCs is due to the well-matched LUMO of NDI-BTH2 toward conduction band of perovskite layer, which in turn increase electron extraction and transportation.
关键词： OFETs,electron transport,inverted perovskite,naphthalenediimides,solar cells
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Passivated metal oxide n-type contacts for efficient and stable organic solar cells
摘要： Suppressing trap states and localized electronic states in the forbidden gap of semiconductors as either active layers or contacts, is critical to the enhancement of optoelectronic device performance, such as solar cell, ultra-fast photodetectors, field-effect transistors as well as other optoelectronic applications. In this study, we demonstrate Lewis bases-passivated metal oxide n-type contacts can effectively improve the performance of organic solar cells (OSCs). OSCs with triethanolamine-passivated ZnO show two orders of magnitude lower trap density, and thus higher electron mobility and three times longer charge carrier recombination lifetime, relative to the devices based on as-cast ZnO. Passivated ZnO universally improves power conversion efficiency (PCE) of OSCs based on varied active layers. P3HT: PC71BM based solar cells with passivated-ZnO yield 86% PCE enhancement relative to the control devices based on as-cast ZnO, and PM6: Y6 based devices with passivated-ZnO exhibit PCEs up to 15.61%. Furthermore, light stability of OSCs with passivated-ZnO has also been improved along with enhanced device efficiency. Lewis base is also efficient to passivate SnOX contact for solar cells. This study highlights the importance of defect passivation on contact layers for improvement of the efficiency and stability of OSCs, and also provides one facile and effective passivation strategy.
关键词： defect passivation,electron transport layer,organic solar cell,tin oxide,zinc oxide
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Impact of electron transport layer material on the performance of CH3NH3PbBr3 perovskite-based photodetectors
摘要： In the present article, the electron transport materials titanium oxide (TiO2), bathocuproine (BCP) and phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) were synthesized and investigated for the application in methylammonium lead bromide (CH3NH3PbBr3) perovskite photodetectors. Results show that device based on TiO2 electron transport layer (ETL) shows higher photocurrent, responsivity and detectivity as compared to the devices based on BCP and PCBM ETL. However, ideality factor, charge carrier mobility, trap width and trap density were found to be comparable for the devices composed of BCP ETL and TiO2 ETL. The TiO2 ETL might help in the passivation of interface traps, form good quality intimate interfaces and offers more appropriate energy levels for effective blocking of holes and efficient extraction of electrons, resulting in the improved device performance. Through impedance spectroscopy analysis, the superior performance of the device with TiO2 ETL can be attributed to the better contact selectivity and high recombination resistance.
关键词： PCBM,electron transport layer,BCP,TiO2,perovskite photodetectors,CH3NH3PbBr3
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Boosting Performance of Perovskite Solar Cells with Graphene quantum dots decorated SnO2 Electron Transport Layers
摘要： In this work, Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) was decorated on the SnO2 electron transport layers (ETLs) to boost the performance of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 21.1% was acquired with the combination of SnO2 and GQDs. Compared with the SnO2-only ETL devices (18.6%), the PCE of SnO2/GQDs based devices is greatly enhanced in PCE by the value of 13.4% as well as in the stability. Investigation reveals that with the combination of SnO2 and GQDs, the open circuit voltage (VOC) and the short circuit current density (JSC) could increase. Various advanced optical and electrical characterizations were carried out to explore the action mechanism of GQDs. The experimental results convinced that the introduction of GQDs leads to the better carrier transportation and extraction by increasing the electronic coupling and matching the energy levels between the perovskite and SnO2 ETL. Also, the perovskite film quality deposited on the GQDs decorated SnO2 ETL is better compared with the SnO2 only. Furthermore, the device stability based on the GQDs modified SnO2 is evidently improved contrast to the SnO2-only device. Its performance kept above 80% of initial value after 720 h storage.
关键词： electron transport layer,graphene quantum dots,SnO2,perovskite solar cells
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Interfacial Engineering in Functional Materials for Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells || Function of <scp>TiCl</scp><sub/>4</sub> Posttreatment in Photoanode
摘要： Energy is the key factor for any living creature to exist in this universe. The advent of industrialization and increase in population have led to a surge in the crisis for energy. The reduction of our dependence on fossil fuels (oil, coal, and natural gas), as well as the evolution towards a cleaner future, requires the large deployment of sustainable renewable energy sources. Among them solar energy is the most abundant and also available throughout the year. Moreover, the solar energy has the greatest potential to fulfill the thirst for energy and the need for innovation of clean and eco-friendly technologies. In this perspective, developing solar cells is one of the best approaches to convert solar energy into electrical energy based on photovoltaic effect. Solar cells based on crystalline silicon and thin film technologies are often referred to as first- and second-generation solar cells. The demerits in that are the limited availability and the cost of silicon. An emerging third-generation photovoltaics have been developed as an alternate to it. These include Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), organic photovoltaic, quantum dots and recently perovskite solar cells. DSSCs based on nanocrystalline TiO2 as a photo-anode have attracted a lot of scientific and technological interest since their breakthrough in 1991 [1]. The two main functional aspects of charge generation and transport are no longer combined in one material but separated in different materials, i.e. a sensitizing dye, a wide-band-gap semiconductor (TiO2), and a liquid redox electrolyte [2].
关键词： photoanode,TiO2,dye-sensitized solar cells,electron transport,TiCl4 posttreatment,dye adsorption,photocurrent generation
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Improved Efficiency of Perovskite Solar Cells Using a Nitrogen Doped Graphene Oxide Treated Tin Oxide Layer
摘要： Tin oxide (SnO2) is widely adopted as an electron transport layer in perovskite solar cells (PeSCs) because it has high electron mobility, excellent charge selective behavior owing to a large band gap of 3.76 eV, and low temperature processibility. In order to achieve highly efficient SnO2-based PeSCs it is necessary to control the oxygen vacancies in the SnO2 layer, since the electrical and optical properties vary depending on the oxidation state of Sn. This study demonstrates that the performance of PeSCs may be improved by using nitrogen doped graphene oxide (NGO) as an oxidizing agent for SnO2. Since NGO changes the oxidation state of the Sn in SnO2 from Sn2+ to Sn4+, the oxygen vacancies in SnO2 can be reduced using NGO. Multiple devices are fabricated and various techniques are used to assess their performance, including X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, dark current analysis, and the dependence of the open circuit voltage on light intensity. Compared with the average power conversion efficiency (PCE) of control devices, PeSCs with SnO2:NGO composite layers exhibit greater PCE with less deviation. Therefore, introduction of NGO in a SnO2 layer can be regarded as an effective method of controlling the oxidation state of SnO2 to improve the performance of PeSCs.
关键词： passivation,electron transport layer,perovskite solar cells,nitrogen doped graphene oxide,defects
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Oblique Electrostatic Inkjet-Deposited TiO2 Electron Transport Layers for Efficient Planar Perovskite Solar Cells
摘要： In this study, a new, simple, and novel oblique electrostatic inkjet (OEI) technique is developed to deposit a titanium oxide (TiO2) compact layer (CL) on fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) substrate without the need for a vacuum environment for the first time. The TiO2 is used as electron transport layers (ETL) in planar perovskite solar cells (PSCs). This bottom-up OEI technique enables the control of the surface morphology and thickness of the tio2 cL by simply manipulating the coating time. the oei-fabricated tio2 is characterized tested and the results are compared with that of tio2 cLs produced by spin-coating and spray pyrolysis. the oei-deposited tio2 cL exhibits satisfactory surface coverage and smooth morphology, conducive for the ETLs in PSCs. The power-conversion efficiencies of PSCs with oei-deposited tio2 CL as the ETL were as high as 13.19%. Therefore, the present study provides an important advance in the effort to develop simple, low-cost, and easily scaled-up techniques. OEI may be a new candidate for depositing tio2 CL ETLs for highly efficient planar PSCs, thus potentially contributing to future mass production.
关键词： electron transport layers,oblique electrostatic inkjet,power-conversion efficiencies,planar perovskite solar cells,TiO2
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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45.2: Long Lifetime Electron Transporting Materials for AMOLED
摘要： A series of new electron transporting materials with good thermal stability were designed and developed. The devices of this ET-1 applied in top fluorescent blue devices, top green phosphorescent device and top phosphorescent red device, exhibited high efficiency and long lifetime with blue index of 162 and the LT95 lifetime is around 2100 h under 500 cd/m2.
关键词： long lifetime,high efficacy,electron transport
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Reducing Photovoltage Loss in Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells by Quantum Dots Alloying Modification at Cathode Contact
摘要： The tremendous passion for inverted planar heterojunction perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is originated from their great tendency in the Roll-to-Roll process compatible fabrication and huge potential for integration into tandem solar cells. But the device efficiency is still lower than regular structured PSCs. Engineering of the cathode interface to efficiently control and reduce VOC loss light a lamp for increasing electrochemical properties and boosting overall performance. In this work, a simple interfacial modification strategy was developed by introducing a hybrid ligands interfacial layer to reduce VOC loss in PSCs with inverted planar structure. Heavily washed QDs was used as a neutral charged intermedia to enable alloying reaction to transfer ligands without damage perovskite. A band bending immediately generated on top surface of perovskite film after QDs modification, which was directly convinced by UPS and KPFM. This contributed to ~50 mV reduced VOC loss, leading to a VOC of 1.15 V and a PCE of 20.6% in inverted PSCs. Meanwhile, enhanced stability achieved for these devices after QDs modification, in which PCE keeping > 90% of initial value after 1000 hours' storage.
关键词： inverted planar heterojunction perovskite solar cells,perovskite quantum dots,photovoltage,electron transport layer,passivation
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22