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Selfa??Assembled Ionic Liquid for Highly Efficient Electron Transport Layer Free Perovskite Solar Cells
摘要： The electron-transport-layer (ETL) free perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are attractive because of fewer layers and hence lower cost, but the lower photovoltaic performance, as compared to the ETL-contained PSCs, largely restricts their practical applications. Herein, we design and synthesize hydroxylethyl functionalized imidazolium iodide, whose single crystal structure is determined, and propose self-assembled ionic liquid on the conductive substrate for ETL-free PSCs. It is found that the self-assembly of the ionic liquid on the conductive substrate can lower the work function of the conductive substrate, enhance the interfacial electron extraction, and meanwhile retard interfacial charge recombination. As a consequence, the power conversion efficiency is remarkably improved from 9.01% to 17.31% upon the self-assembly of ionic liquid on the conductive substrate. This finding provides a new way to achieve highly efficient ETL free PSCs.
关键词： electron transport layer free,perovskite solar cell,self-assembly,Ionic liquid,work function
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Solution-processible Cd-doped ZnO nanoparticles as an electron transport layer to achieve high performance polymer solar cells through improve conductivity and light transmittance
摘要： In this work, electron transport layers (ETLs) with high charge transfer ability were prepared by doping ZnO nanoparticles with different concentrations of cadmium(Cd). The inverted polymer solar cell based on PTB7-Th: PC71BM as active layer and various concentrations Cd-doped ZnO (CZO) as ETLs were fabricated. The PCE of the device with optimized Cd content in the ZnO film was about 14.7% larger than that of the pure ZnO-based cells. The cadmium-doped ZnO(CZO) is a good candidate to be used as a high-quality transparent electrode in solar cell applications.
关键词： high electrical conductivity,cadmium doping,electron transport layers,ZnO nanoparticles,inverted polymer solar cells
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Characteristics of Single Electron Transport in a Quantum Dots System
摘要： In this paper, we investigated the time-dependent single electron transport process in a quantum dots system. This system is consisted from three quantum dots linked with donor and acceptor electron as tight-bending model. The calculations of this system are done using time dependent Schr?dinger equations, which is utilized theoretically to calculate the occupation probability for the all quantum dots and study the characteristics of this system. we observed that the occupation probabilities are oscillatory behavior with time, and the number of oscillations in the occupation probabilities is increased by increasing the coupling interaction strength. We also calculated the transmission probability density using a scattering theory, we observed that its peaks decreased at E = 0 with increasing the coupling interaction strength.
关键词： Donor-Bridge-Acceptor System,Electron Transport,Quantum Dots
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Surface Modification of TiO2 for Perovskite Solar Cells
摘要： Titanium oxide (TiO2) is commonly used as an electron transport layer (ETL) of regular-structure perovskite solar cells (PSCs); however, it suffers from inherent drawbacks such as low electron mobility and a high density of trap states. Modifying the surface chemistry of TiO2 has proved facile and efficient in enhancing key electron-transport properties, thereby improving device performance. In this review, we summarize recent progress on the surface modification of TiO2 in planar PSCs. The functions of different modifiers in improving device performance are elucidated, revealing the influence of modifier chemical and electronic structure on the properties of TiO2. This offers new opportunities to exploit novel materials for modifying TiO2 toward high-efficiency PSCs.
关键词： TiO2,perovskite solar cells,device performance,surface modification,electron transport layer
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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SnO2 surface defects tuned by (NH4)2S for high-efficiency perovskite solar cells
摘要： Tin oxide (SnO2) is widely adopted as an electron transport layer (ETL) in perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, the oxygen vacancies of the SnO2 not only are the trap states of the nonradiative recombination of photo-generated carriers, but also build the potential barrier of carrier transport. To solve this issue, ammonium sulfide [(NH4)2S] is introduced to the SnO2 precursor for passivating the surface defects by terminating the Sn dangling bonds (S–Sn bonds). After reducing the surface traps, the electron mobility and conductivity of SnO2 film are enhanced significantly while the carrier recombination is decreased. Additionally, the energy level of S-SnO2 is also slightly modified. Therefore, this sulfide-passivated mothed remarkably improves the electron collection efficiency of the ETL. Furthermore, the linkage of Sn–S–Pb anchors the perovskite crystals at the perovskite/SnO2 interface, which increases the electron extraction efficiency and the stability of PSC. Based on this S-SnO2 ETL, the power conversion efficiency of the PSC is greatly promoted from 18.67% to 20.03%, compared with the reference one. In this study, it is proven that the surface defect passivation of SnO2 is an efficient and simple method to improve the photovoltaic performance, as a promising ETL for high-efficiency device.
关键词： Oxygen vacancy,Carrier transport dynamic,SnO2 electron transport layer,Surface passivation,Perovskite solar cells
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Improvement of planar perovskite solar cells by using solution processed SnO2/CdS as electron transport layer
摘要： The efficiency of planar perovskite solar cells (PSCs) with SnO2 as electron transport layer is already more than 19% achieved under controlled atmosphere. PSCs with solution processed SnO2 show high hysteresis and low fill factor. One way to improve the planar PSCs is using buffer layer between electron transport layer and perovskite to enhance the photo-electron extraction process. In this study, SnO2 and SnO2/CdS layers were fabricated by solution process using a suspension including CdS nanoparticles synthesized via a simple solution route. Then planar PSCs with the structure of Glass/FTO/ETL/Perovskite/Sprio-OMeTAD/Au were fabricated in ambient air condition using SnO2 and SnO2/CdS as ETL. It is shown that a thin interface layer of CdS nanoparticles on top of SnO2 layer consistently improves the electron transporting properties of SnO2 layer. Mott-Schottky analysis shows a gradual change of electron affinity takes place by deposition of CdS nano particles. CdS interface layer can act as an intermediate step to facilitate electron transfer from perovskite layer to SnO2. The hysteresis index reduces from 0.17 to 0.05 and the efficiency improves from 15.0% to 17.18%. Impedance spectroscopy indicates that interface resistance is reduced by incorporating CdS nanoparticles.
关键词： CdS nanoparticle,Electron extraction,SnO2,Planar perovskite solar cell,Electron transport layer
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Zwitterion Nondetergent Sulfobetaine-Modified SnO <sub/>2</sub> as an Efficient Electron Transport Layer for Inverted Organic Solar Cells
摘要： Tin oxide (SnO2) has been widely accepted as an effective electron transport layer (ETL) for optoelectronic devices because of its outstanding electro-optical properties such as its suitable band energy levels, high electron mobility, and high transparency. Here, we report a simple but effective interfacial engineering strategy to achieve highly efficient and stable inverted organic solar cells (iOSCs) via a low-temperature solution process and an SnO2 ETL modified by zwitterion nondetergent sulfobetaine 3-(4-tert-butyl-1-pyridinio)-1-propanesulfonate (NDSB-256-4T). We found that NDSB-256-4T helps reduce the work function of SnO2, resulting in more efficient electron extraction and transport to the cathode of iOSCs. NDSB-256-4T also passivates the defects in SnO2, which serves as recombination centers that greatly reduce the device performance of iOSCs. In addition, NDSB-256-4T provides the better interfacial contact between SnO2 and the active layer. Thus, a higher power conversion efficiency (PCE) and longer device stability of iOSCs are expected for a combination of SnO2 and NDSB-256-4T than for devices based on SnO2 only. With these enhanced interfacial properties, P3HT:PC60BM-based iOSCs using SnO2/NDSB-256-4T (0.2 mg/mL) as an ETL showed both a higher average PCE of 3.72%, which is 33% higher than devices using SnO2 only (2.79%) and excellent device stability (over 90% of the initial PCE remained after storing 5 weeks in ambient air without encapsulation). In an extended application of the PTB7-Th:PC70BM systems, we achieved an impressive average PCE of 8.22% with SnO2/NDSB-256-4T (0.2 mg/mL) as the ETL, while devices based on SnO2 exhibited an average PCE of only 4.45%. Thus, the use of zwitterion to modify SnO2 ETL is a promising way to obtain both highly efficient and stable iOSCs.
关键词： inverted organic solar cells (iOSCs),zwitterion nondetergent sulfobetaine (NDSB-256-4T),Tin oxide (SnO2),power conversion efficiency (PCE),electron transport layer (ETL)
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Construction of Effective Polymer Solar Cell Using 1,7-Disubstituted Perylene Diimide Derivatives as Electron Transport Layer
摘要： The poor compatibility of an inorganic electron transport layer with the active layer and an ultrathin film organic material becomes a great obstacle in producing high-quality polymer solar cells with high-throughput roll-to-roll (R2R) method. Novel effective polymer solar cells had been fabricated by introducing 1, 7-disubstituted perylene diimide derivatives PDIH, PDIC, and PDIN as an electron transporting layer. It was noteworthy that PDIN could obviously improve the power conversion efficiency of solar cells that incorporated a photoactive layer composed of poly[(3-hexylthiophene)-2, 5-diyl] (P3HT) and the fullerene acceptor [6, 6-phenyl-C71-butyric acid methyl ester] (PC71BM). The power conversion efficiency varies from 1.5% for ZnO transparent cathode-based solar cells to 2.1% for PDIN-based electron transport layer-free solar cells. This improved performance could be attributed to the following reasons: the interaction between N atom in PDIN and O atom in indium tin oxide (ITO) reduced the work function of ITO, increased the built-in electric field, and thus lowered the electron transport barrier and improved the electron extraction ability of cathode, the appropriate roughness of the active layer increased the contact area with anode interfacial layer and enhanced the hole transport efficiency. These experimental results revealed that PDIN can be a promising novel effective material with a simplified synthesis process and lower cost as an electron transporting layer.
关键词： polymer solar cells,electron transport layer,perylene diimide derivatives,indium tin oxide,power conversion efficiency
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Improve the Oxide/Perovskite Heterojunction Contact for Low Temperature High Efficiency and Stable All-inorganic CsPbI2Br Perovskite Solar Cells
摘要： Oxide/perovskite heterojunction contact is important for realizing high performance and stable perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, the development of ZnO/perovskite heterojunction contact is plagued by the poor chemical compatibility at ZnO/organic-inorganic perovskite interface. Nevertheless, the ZnO/inorganic perovskite heterojunction contact exhibits potential applications in all-inorganic PSCs. In this study, all-inorganic CsPbI2Br PSCs based on ZnO/perovskite heterojunction contact have been successfully realized at low temperature process below 150 oC and delivered an excellent power efficiency conversion of 14.78 % with a high open-circuit voltage (Voc) of 1.21 V and a truly extraordinary fill factor (FF) of 81.42 %. Compared to SnO2-based PSCs, the better band alignment between ZnO ETL and perovskite contributed larger built-in potential, resulting in superior electron extraction capability and effective interfacial recombination suppression. The better perovskite film quality and improved interface contact of ETL/perovskite contributed to better air and thermal stability of ZnO-based perovskite devices. These researches have proved the unlimited possibilities for ZnO as ETL in all-inorganic perovskite solar cells.
关键词： ZnO,low temperature,interface,all-inorganic CsPbI2Br,electron transport layer
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Enhancing the charge extraction and stability of perovskite solar cells using strontium titanate (SrTiO3) electron transport layer
摘要： Charge transport layers strongly influence the performance of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). To date, compact layers and mesoporous scaffolds of titanium dioxide have emerged as good electron transport layers (ETL), enabling record power conversion efficiencies (PCE). However, these ETLs require sintering above 400 °C, which excludes them from low-temperature applications such as flexible devices and silicon-heterojunction tandems. Furthermore, instability of TiO2 under prolonged exposure to sun light appears to be a critical issue. Here, we present the promising characteristics of low-temperature processed strontium titanate (STO) as an ETL to realize PSCs with 19% PCE. STO is a wide bandgap transparent inorganic perovskite. Compared to other low-temperature processed interlayers, STO reduces the parasitic absorption in the ultraviolet and visible range, improves the electron transport and greatly increases the stability of the devices, retaining ~80% of their initial efficiency after 1000 hours of constant white light illumination.
关键词： perovskite solar cells,stability,low-temperature processing,strontium titanate,electron transport layer
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22