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- 实验方案
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Simple Route to Interconnected, Hierarchically Structured, Porous Zn2SnO4 Nanospheres as Electron Transport Layer for Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells
摘要： Constructing electron transport layer (ETL) with higher carrier mobility and suitable bandgap is of key importance as it greatly influences the photovoltaic performance of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Zn2SnO4 (ZTO) carries a high electron mobility of 10–30 cm2 V-1 s-1, an order of magnitude over the widely used TiO2 ETL in perovskite solar cells (PSCs), rendering it an excellent alternative to TiO2 ETL. Herein, we report a simple yet robust polymer-templating route to interconnected, hierarchically structured, porous ZTO nanospheres as an efficient ETL for high-performance organolead halide PSCs. The porous ZTO nanospheres ETL, composed of an assembly of 4.5-nm ZTO nanoparticles on the surface of porous nanosphere possessing 80-100 nm cavity, renders markedly improved light absorption, enhanced electron extraction, facilitated charger transportation, and suppressed carrier recombination in the resulting PSCs, which exhibit a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 17.14%, greatly outperforming the device based on the ZTO nanoparticles (14.02%; i.e., without porosity). As such, the strategy for crafting porous yet hierarchically structured semiconductors with high carrier mobility may open up an avenue to create robust ETL, and by extension, hole transport layer (HTL) for high-performance optoelectronics.
关键词： Zn2SnO4,perovskite solar cells,high electron mobility,hierarchical nanostructure,Electron transport layer
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Novel Positive Polaron Stabilizing n-Type Host for High Efficiency and Long Lifetime in Blue Phosphorescent Organic Light-Emitting Diodes
摘要： Four electron transport type hosts withstanding the positive polaron stress were synthesized using the benzo[4,5]thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidine core to develop high triplet energy hosts. Four benzo[4,5]thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidine-derived hosts, 4-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)-2-(3-(triphenylsilyl)phenyl)benzo[4,5]thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidine (CzBTPmSi), 2,4-di(9H-carbazol-9-yl)benzo[4,5]thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidine (2CzBTP), 2-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)-4-(3-(triphenylsilyl)phenyl)benzo[4,5]thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidine (mSiBTPCz), and 2,4-bis(3-(triphenylsilyl)phenyl)benzo[4,5]thieno-[3,2-d]pyrimidine (2mSiBTP), were designed to have either the tetraphenylsilyl blocking group or the hole transport type carbazole group. The CzBTPmSi and mSiBTPCz were prepared to study the effect of substitution positions of tetraphenylsilyl and carbazole on the device performances, and the 2CzBTP and 2mSiBTP were synthesized as reference materials. In the device application, the four hosts were used as electron transport type hosts mixed with a hole transport type 3,3′-di(9H-carbazol-9-yl)-1,1′-biphenyl (mCBP) host in the mixed host. Among the four mixed hosts, the mCBP/CzBTPmSi mixed host showed an external quantum efficiency of 23.9% and a device lifetime over 4000 h at 100 cd m?2 in the blue phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes.
关键词： host,electron transport,efficiency,benzothienopyrimidine,lifetime
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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High performance CsPbBr <sub/>3</sub> quantum dots photodetectors by using zinc oxide nanorods arrays as an electron-transport layer
摘要： The electron transport layer (ETL) in perovskite photodetectors is playing a vital role in highly efficient electron extraction. Herein, this work reports a perovskite photodetector based on hydrothermal-fabricated ZnO nanorods (NRs) as the ETL and hot-injection-fabricated CsPbBr3 quantum dot (QD) as the photoabsorber. The crystalline structure, morphologies, and photoluminescence (PL) of the materials and the physics mechanism of highly efficient electron extraction in the devices are characterized and analyzed. The PL and time-resolved PL confirm the reduced recombination and enhanced electron transport to the indium tin oxide anode. The photodetectors based on ZnO NRs/CsPbBr3 QDs exhibit enormous enhancement in the response parameters such as a rise time of 12 ms, a decay time of 38 ms, and an on/off ratio of 3000, compared with the photodetectors based on ZnO films/CsPbBr3 QDs. These results indicate that the fabricated ZnO NRs/CsPbBr3 QDs heterojunction has a wide prospect of future applications in photodetectors.
关键词： electron transport layer,photoluminescence,ZnO nanorods,perovskite photodetectors,CsPbBr3 quantum dots
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Thin Film of TiO <sub/>2</sub> a??ZnO Binary Mixed Nanoparticles as Electron Transport Layers in Low-Temperature Processed Perovskite Solar Cells
摘要： Organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells have become one of the highly promising candidates for photovoltaic technologies because of their low processing cost, rapid-growing power conversion efficiency and easy preparation process. Electron transfer layer (ETL) plays an important role in exciton separation and charge transport for perovskite devices. A TiO2–ZnO binary mixed nanoparticle (NP) ETL, which can be prepared in low-temperature hydrothermal method, was proposed. By analyzing the XRD and SEM, the incorporation of mixed NPs thin film improved the interfacial stability of ZnO/perovskite and prevented the perovskite layer from being decomposed as compared to the pure ZnO NPs thin film. Furthermore, UV spectrum and EIS results show that TiO2–ZnO mixed NP ETL has high transmittance and maintains good electrical properties of pure ZnO NPs basically. Finally, the efficiency of perovskite device based on TiO2–ZnO mixed NP ETL was improved to 15%. Our research provides a simple way for the application of ZnO in PCSs.
关键词： Perovskite solar cells,electron transport layers,ZnO,TiO2,low temperature
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Efficient Organic Solar Cell with 16.88% Efficiency Enabled by Refined Acceptor Crystallization and Morphology with Improved Charge Transfer and Transport Properties
摘要： Single-layered organic solar cells (OSCs) using nonfullerene acceptors have reached 16% efficiency. Such a breakthrough has inspired new sparks for the development of the next generation of OSC materials. In addition to the optimization of electronic structure, it is important to investigate the essential solid-state structure that guides the high efficiency of bulk heterojunction blends, which provides insight in understanding how to pair an efficient donor–acceptor mixture and refine film morphology. In this study, a thorough analysis is executed to reveal morphology details, and the results demonstrate that Y6 can form a unique 2D packing with a polymer-like conjugated backbone oriented normal to the substrate, controlled by the processing solvent and thermal annealing conditions. Such morphology provides improved carrier transport and ultrafast hole and electron transfer, leading to improved device performance, and the best optimized device shows a power conversion efficiency of 16.88% (16.4% certified). This work reveals the importance of film morphology and the mechanism by which it affects device performance. A full set of analytical methods and processing conditions are executed to achieve high efficiency solar cells from materials design to device optimization, which will be useful in future OSC technology development.
关键词： multilength-scaled morphology,nonfullerene acceptors,power conversion efficiency,organic solar cells,2D electron transport
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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The influence of the electron transport layer on charge dynamics and trap-state properties in planar perovskite solar cells
摘要： Despite the outstanding photovoltaic performance of perovskite solar cells, the correlation between the electron transport layer and the mechanism of photoelectric conversion is still not fully understood. In this paper, the relationship between photovoltaic performance and carrier dynamics is systematically studied in both TiO2- and SnO2-based planar perovskite devices. It is found that the different electron transport layers result in distinct forward scan results and charge dynamics. Based on the charge dynamics results, the influence of the electron transport layer on charge carrier transport and charge recombination is revealed. More importantly, the trap-state density is characterized, which is proven to be related to the charge carrier dynamics and the specific hysteresis behaviour in the perovskite solar cells. The present work would provide new insights into the working mechanisms of electron transport layers and their effect on hysteresis.
关键词： electron transport layer,hysteresis,charge dynamics,perovskite solar cells,trap-state properties
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Efficient Structure for InP/ZnS-Based Electroluminescence Device by Embedding the Emitters in the Electron-Dominating Interface
摘要： The charge-carrier distribution has been an important parameter in determining the efficiency of quantum-dot-based light-emitting diodes (QLEDs). In this Letter, we demonstrate a new inverted device structure of ITO/ZnO/polyethylenimine/quantum dots (QDs)/1,3,5-tris(N-phenylbenzimidazole-2-yl)benzene (TPBi)/4,4′-bis(9-carbazolyl)-2,2′-biphenyl (CBP)/MoO3/Al for improving the efficiency of InP-QD-based QLEDs. By introducing a thin layer of electron transport materials, the hole accumulation at the hole transport layer and the QD interface is largely reduced, which suppresses the quenching effect of holes on the QD emission. Compared with the conventional device structure with the emitters at ZnO/CBP pn junction, the peak current efficiency (external quantum efficiency) increases from 3.83 (5.17 cd/A) to 6.32% (8.54 cd/A) by imbedding the QDs at the electron-dominating interface of ZnO/TPBi. The analysis reveals that an internal quantum efficiency of nearly 100% is achieved for the InP-QD-based device (with a photoluminescence quantum yield of 32%). This work provides an alternative device structure for achieving high-efficiency QLED devices.
关键词： electron transport materials,quantum-dot-based light-emitting diodes,internal quantum efficiency,charge-carrier distribution,InP-QD-based QLEDs
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Composite Interlayer Consisting of Alcohol-Soluble Polyfluorene and Carbon Nanotubes for Efficient Polymer Solar Cells
摘要： We report the synthesis of composite interlayers using alcohol-soluble polyfluorene (ASP)-wrapped single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) and their application as electron transport layers for efficient organic solar cells. The ASP enables the individual dispersion of SWNTs in solution. The ASP-wrapped SWNT solutions are stable for 54 days without any aggregation or precipitation, indicating their very high dispersion stability. Using the ASP-wrapped SWNTs as a cathode interlayer on zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs), a power conversion efficiency of 9.45% is obtained in PTB7-th:PC71BM-based organic solar cells, which is mainly attributed to the improvement in the short circuit current. Performance enhancements of 18% and 17% are achieved compared to those of pure ZnO NPs and ASP on ZnO NPs, respectively. In addition, the composite interlayer is applied to non-fullerene-based photovoltaics with PM6:Y6, resulting in the PCE up to 14.37%. The type of SWNT (e.g., in terms of diameter range and length) is not critical to the improvement in the charge-transport properties. A low density of SWNTs in the film (~1 SWNTs/μm2 for ASP-wrapped SWNTs) has a significant influence on the charge transport in solar cells. The improvement in the performance of the solar cell is attributed to the increased internal quantum efficiency, balanced mobility between electrons and holes, and minimized charge recombination.
关键词： interfacial layers,alcohol-soluble polyfluorene,interlayers,organic solar cells,conjugated polyelectrolytes,Carbon nanotubes,electron transport layers,composites
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Double Metal Oxide Electron Transport Layers for Colloidal Quantum Dot Light-Emitting Diodes
摘要： The performance of colloidal quantum dot light-emitting diodes (QD-LEDs) have been rapidly improved since metal oxide semiconductors were adopted for an electron transport layer (ETL). Among metal oxide semiconductors, zinc oxide (ZnO) has been the most generally employed for the ETL because of its excellent electron transport and injection properties. However, the ZnO ETL often yields charge imbalance in QD-LEDs, which results in undesirable device performance. Here, to address this issue, we introduce double metal oxide ETLs comprising ZnO and tin dioxide (SnO2) bilayer stacks. The employment of SnO2 for the second ETL significantly improves charge balance in the QD-LEDs by preventing spontaneous electron injection from the ZnO ETL and, as a result, we demonstrate 1.6 times higher luminescence efficiency in the QD-LEDs. This result suggests that the proposed double metal oxide ETLs can be a versatile platform for QD-based optoelectronic devices.
关键词： metal oxide,light emitting diode (LED),SnO2 nanoparticles,quantum dot (QD),double electron transport layer (ETL)
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Benzonitrile and dicyanocarbazole derived electron transport type host materials for improved device lifetime in blue thermally activated delayed fluorescent organic light-emitting diodes
摘要： Three electron transport type host materials, 1DBF-2CNCZ, 2DBF-2CNCZ and 4DBF-2CNCZ, for blue thermally activated delayed fluorescent (TADF) organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) were synthesized and characterized. The host materials shared a dibenzofuran, benzonitrile and dicyanocarbazole units as the electron transport moieties, and had an isomeric molecular structure with different substitution positions of the dibenzofuran moiety. They showed high triplet energy above 3.0 eV by a twisted molecular structure and were applied as the electron transport type hosts in the mixed host system with a hole transport type mCBP host for blue TADF OLEDs. The blue TADF OLEDs developed using the 1DBF-2CNCZ host demonstrated high EQE over 20% and 31 h lifetime up to 75% of initial luminance at 500 cd/m2 at a mixed host composition of mCBP:1DBF-2CNCZ (25:75).
关键词： mixed host,efficiency,TADF,device lifetime,electron transport type host
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57