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The Theoretical Calculation and Influencing Factors of Yb<sup>3+ </sup>Doped Double-Clad Fiber Laser
摘要： The energy level structure of Yb3+ is analyzed, and a theoretical model is established. The influence of pumping power, fiber length, reflectance of cavity mirror and other related parameters on the performance of the laser is analyzed. The maximum output power can be achieved at a certain reflectance. The higher the input pump power, the smaller the reflectance of the rear mirror which obtains the maximum output power. For different pumping wavelengths, the optimal length of the gain fiber is not the same, and it is also different from the optimal length determined by the minimum pumping threshold. Therefore, in the design of fiber lasers, we should consider comprehensively to determine the appropriate fiber length. Reducing inner raduis is beneficial to improving slope efficiency when the characteristics of the fiber itself remain unchanged.
关键词： Energy Level Structure,Yb3+doped,Fiber Laser,Double-clad Fiber
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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ions
摘要： Laser-produced Sn plasma sources are used to generate extreme ultraviolet light in state-of-the-art nanolithography. An ultraviolet and optical spectrum is measured from a droplet-based laser-produced Sn plasma, with a spectrograph covering the range 200–800 nm. This spectrum contains hundreds of spectral lines from lowly charged tin ions Sn1+?Sn4+ of which a major fraction was hitherto unidenti?ed. We present and identify a selected class of lines belonging to the quasi-one-electron, Ag-like ([Kr]4d 10 nl electronic con?guration), Sn3+ ion, linking the optical lines to a speci?c charge state by means of a masking technique. These line identi?cations are made with iterative guidance from COWAN code calculations. Of the 53 lines attributed to Sn3+, some 20 were identi?ed from previously known energy levels, and 33 lines are used to determine previously unknown level energies of 13 electronic con?gurations, i.e., 7p, (7, 8)d, (5, 6)f , (6–8)g, (6–8)h, (7, 8)i. The consistency of the level energy determination is veri?ed by the quantum-defect scaling procedure. The ionization limit of Sn3+ is con?rmed and re?ned to 328 908.4 cm?1, with an uncertainty of 2.1 cm?1. The relativistic Fock-space coupled-cluster (FSCC) calculations of the measured level energies are generally in good agreement with experiment but fail to reproduce the anomalous behavior of the 5d 2D and nf 2F terms. By combining the strengths of the FSCC calculations, COWAN code calculations, and con?guration interaction many-body perturbation theory, this behavior is shown to arise from interactions with doubly excited con?gurations.
关键词： Sn3+ ions,energy-level structure,nanolithography,laser-produced plasma,extreme ultraviolet light
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46