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- Gunma University
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[IEEE 2018 37th Chinese Control Conference (CCC) - Wuhan (2018.7.25-2018.7.27)] 2018 37th Chinese Control Conference (CCC) - Design of a Bionic Eye Experimental Platform
摘要： In this paper, we design a bionic eye platform that includes the hardware and software. Based on the analysis of the structure of the human eyes, we design the mechanical structure which can imitate human eye movement. We design a motor control circuit and data acquisition circuit. In addition, we improve the control system programming and interface design. It has a good performance on object tracking. Finally, we design the PID controller and sliding mode controller to verify the accuracy of smooth tracking.
关键词： software,control system,mechanical structure,bionic eye platform,sliding mode control
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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?Existe influencia del sistema verbal en la 'jugabilidad' de un videojuego?: Registro de movimientos oculares con eye tracker
摘要： Esta investigación tuvo como propósito determinar en qué medida la ‘jugabilidad’ de un grupo de jugadores se ve afectada por el grado de atención al sistema verbal de un videojuego de Disparos en Primera Persona. Para ello, se conceptualiza el videojuego como un macrogénero compuesto de rasgos distintivos y agrupables en tres componentes interactuantes: uno computacional, otro de actividad de juego y otro multimodal o multisemiótico. Entre sus géneros se encuentra el de Disparos en Primera Persona, caracterizado por un alto grado de atención en el centro de la pantalla debido al objeto que se manipula en esa área, además de la alta cantidad de estímulos del sistema gráfico. En este estudio, 29 participantes jugaron un segmento del videojuego Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 2 (Infinity Ward, 2009) sin sonido, en el que aparecen dos tipos de mensajes: ‘advertencias’ y ‘órdenes’. La atención a dichos mensajes fue grabada por medio de un sistema de seguimiento de movimientos oculares o eye tracker, mientras que el desempe?o se registró por medio de un conteo simple de muertes en la sección analizada. Los resultados indican que no existe una correlación positiva entre atención a los mensajes y desempe?o; en otras palabras, la atención al sistema verbal no parece conducir a un mejor desempe?o. Los hallazgos indican que, al enfrentarse a dos sistemas que son comprendidos por un mismo modo de entrada (visual), los jugadores dividen su atención y optan por la acción. Queda pendiente conocer qué ocurre con el sonido activado.
关键词： eye tracking,atención visual,efecto de atención dividida,Videojuegos
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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[IEEE 2018 25th IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP) - Athens, Greece (2018.10.7-2018.10.10)] 2018 25th IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP) - Billboard Saliency Detection in Street Videos for Adults and Elderly
摘要： Detecting salient locations in images and videos that attract human attention is a challenging problem in computer vision. Most of the models developed for this purpose are either based on the bottom-up features of a scene or top-down factors. Observer’s age is one of the important top-down factor which influences viewing behavior, some recent studies proposed age-adapted models to predict saliencies for different age groups. However, these studies reported age-impact on eye-gaze distribution for images only and videos still remain unexplored. In this study, we analyze the differences in eye gaze landings between adults and elderly while viewing street videos and develop a novel application of detecting saliency of billboards in the paved area of the street for adult and elderly. Our proposed age-adapted saliency model outperforms the existing video saliency models towards predicting the billboard saliency.
关键词： Fixations,Saliency,Eye-gaze,Visual attention
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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Patients with Advanced Diabetic Retinopathy’s Understanding of Diabetes Mellitus and Their Diabetic Eye Disease: A survey of 100 patients currently undergoing treatment for Diabetic Retinopathy in a Large Retinal Practice
摘要： Objective: To better understand what patients with advanced diabetic retinopathy understand about their DED and treatment, control of their diabetes, and risk factors for disease progression, and to assess which areas clinicians may want to target for education to increase patient understanding. Methods: 100 consecutive patients with at least 5 previous visits to a retinal clinic were surveyed to better understand patients’ understanding of diabetes mellitus (DM), diabetic eye disease (DED), and the treatments they were receiving for DM and their DED. Demographic information (age, gender, educational status, ethnicity, language, duration and treatments for DM) was collected, along with information about treatments and understanding of risk and modifiable factors about DM. Data was verified against the chart. Results: 100 surveys were completed; 97% of patients said they “understand DM”. 61% of patients were 60 years or older, and half of the patients had done some post-secondary educational training. The ethnic breakdown included 27% Caucasian and 38% Hispanic. Fasting blood glucose (FBG) was known in 89% of patients and when asked the range of FBG: 6% did not know; 17% had FBG as >160 mg/dl; and 35% had a FBG of <130 mg/dl. Regarding controlling their DM, 74% of patients did not identify exercise and 33% did not identify dietary habit as important in control. 95% identified blood pressure (BP) as important to monitor. 39% were unable to identify their current BP range, 31% identified their systolic BP as ≥ 130mmHg, and 7% described it as usually >150mmHg. Patients were asked to identify DM related ocular complications: 23% said bleeding; 7% said diabetic macular edema; and 73% said blindness or visual loss. As patient age increased, the ability to correctly identifying current treatments, and knowledge of hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C), decreased. Ability to correctly identify HbA1C increased with increasing education. Conclusions: This survey shows patient misunderstanding in how DM is treated, risk factors for DM, and how monitoring should be done. Emphasis is likely needed in diet modification and exercise for control of DM. Patients may be at risk for poor understanding of DM care/treatment (particularly those with lower educational achievement, or more elderly). Additional resources may need to be developed for sub-sets of patients.
关键词： Diabetic eye disease,Patient understanding,Diabetes mellitus,Risk factors,Diabetic retinopathy,Hemoglobin A1C
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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Immunolocalization suggests a role of the histamine-gated chloride channel PxHCLB in spectral opponent processing in butterfly photoreceptors
摘要： Spectrally opponent responses, that is, wavelength-dependent inversions of response polarity, have been observed at the level of photoreceptors in butterflies. As inter-photoreceptor connections have been found in the butterfly Papilio xuthus, and histamine is the only neurotransmitter so far identified in insect photoreceptors, we hypothesize that histaminergic sign-inverting synapses exist in the lamina between different spectral receptors as a mechanism for spectral opponency as in the medulla of Drosophila. Here, we localized two histamine-gated chloride channels, PxHCLA (Drosophila Ort homolog) and PxHCLB (Drosophila HisCl1 homolog), in the visual system of Papilio xuthus by using specific antisera. The antiPxHCLA labeling was associated with the membrane of nonphotoreceptor cells that are postsynaptic to photoreceptors, while the antiPxHCLB labeling overlapped with photoreceptor axons, indicating that PxHCLB is expressed at inter-photoreceptor synapses: PxHCLB is likely involved in producing spectral opponency at the first visual synapses. Color processing in Papilio may appear earlier than previously hypothesized in insect visual systems.
关键词： histamine receptor,RRID:AB_2737353,compound eye,photoreceptor,medulla,lamina,RRID:AB_260435,RRID:AB_2737352,RRID:AB_2737354,insect,RRID:AB_528479
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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[Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering] Recent Trends in Communication, Computing, and Electronics Volume 524 (Select Proceedings of IC3E 2018) || Performance Optimization of Carving Signal RZ-DQPSK Modulation Scheme
摘要： This paper depicts a modi?ed return-to-zero differential quadrature phase shift keying (RZ-DQPSK) modulation scheme. A simulative analysis has been performed for an optimization of the proposed scheme. The analysis has also been extended for two different types of commercial ?bers; standard single-mode ?ber (SSMF) and true wave-reduced slope (TW-RS) ?ber to report the similar qualitative performance characteristics. For the sake of better understanding of the proposed modi?ed carving signal RZ-DQPSK scheme, optical spectrum and eye pattern plots are also investigated.
关键词： Bit error rate (BER),Quality factor,True wave-reduced slope ?ber (TW-RS),Eye pattern,Return-to-zero differential quadrature phase shift keying (RZ-DQPSK)
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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We make predictions about eye of origin of visual input: Visual mismatch negativity from binocular rivalry
摘要： The visual mismatch negativity (vMMN) is a negative component of event-related potentials (ERPs). It occurs when an infrequent visual stimulus, a deviant, is randomly and unpredictably presented in a sequence of frequent visual stimuli, the standards, and is thought to reflect prediction and prediction error of visual input. We investigated the sensitivity of vMMN to eye of origin (utrocular) information as well as to orientation information. We presented 80% of binocular rivalry standards (one grating to one eye and an identical, orthogonally oriented grating to the other eye), and 20% of deviants, either by swapping the gratings between the eyes to change the eye of origin of the gratings (an eye-swap deviant) or by rotating the gratings by 458 to change the orientation of the gratings (an orientation deviant). We found an orientation vMMN that was maximal at about 250 ms and an eye-swap vMMN that was maximal at about 380 ms. We also found deviance-related activity to both sorts of stimuli earlier than is traditionally defined as a vMMN. We used standardized low-resolution brain electromagnetic tomography (sLORETA) to localize each vMMN component and found similar sources for both vMMNs in occipital and frontal areas of the brain but differences in parietal and temporal areas. We conclude that eye of origin information can be used to elicit vMMN, that eye-swap vMMN is different to orientation vMMN, and that vMMN can be generated from information of which observers are unaware.
关键词： visual consciousness,prediction,stereopsis,binocular rivalry,prediction error,visual mismatch negativity (vMMN),utrocular information,event-related potentials (ERPs),oblique effect,eye of origin information
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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Caveats to Obtaining Retinal Topography With Optical Coherence Tomography
摘要： We read with great interest the article by Oh et al.1 on the assessment of retinal topography in myopic eyes using spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). In their article, the investigators described different characteristics of retinal topography to indicate variations in ocular shape in myopia (such as a retina sloped nasally versus temporally). Like similar prior studies using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to measure posterior eye shape in myopia, we agree this work in retinal topography provides important insight into classifying and risk stratifying myopic eyes. However, we would like to highlight a misconception regarding the use of posterior segment SD-OCT images for absolute retinal topography measurements. In the Discussion section, it is stated that 'The rainbow pseudo-colors in the topographic (RPE) layer image represent height from the coronal plane of the eye, with blue indicating low height and red indicating high height.' In OCT, the reference plane is not the coronal plane or any plane within the eye. Instead, the reference plane is a reference delay path length in the OCT device itself.2 Axial distance (height) within an OCT image represents sample distances relative to that reference delay in optical path length. Therefore, because the reference is in the OCT device and not in the eye itself, how the eye is positioned relative to the OCT device affects the eye’s appearance in the OCT image. For example, all three distinct subtypes of retinal sloping described in the article (nasal, middle, and temporal) can be produced from the same eye simply by moving the OCT scan beam position in the pupil slightly relative to the pupil center (see Figure). The same effect also would occur if, conversely, the subject’s eye moved relative to the OCT device. Further, OCT images of the posterior eye are distorted by scan geometry and optical artifacts as our group and others have described previously.3–5 The cumulative effect is that an OCT image of the posterior eye is not an exact spatial replica or digital 'cast' of the eye itself. Hence, when using OCT to measure the absolute topography of the posterior eye, these imaging effects must be considered to separate them from actual topographic differences present in these myopic eyes.
关键词： retinal topography,posterior eye shape,myopia,optical coherence tomography,imaging artifacts
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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Phenotype Characteristics of Fellow Eyes in Patients With Early Onset of Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration
摘要： PURPOSE. To investigate phenotype characteristics of fellow eyes in patients with early onset of neovascular age-related macular degeneration (NVAMD). METHODS. Patients with new-onset unilateral NVAMD between 50 and 65 years (n ? 57, early-onset choroidal neovascularization [CNV] group) or >80 years (n ? 47, late-onset CNV group) or with nonneovascular AMD (n ? 98, no-CNV group) were included. Fellow eyes in both CNV groups and the eyes with the more severe AMD staging in the no-CNV group were used to evaluate number and size of macular drusen, extramacular drusen (EMD), pigmentary abnormalities, and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) atrophy on color photographs and hyperre?ective dots (HRD) and reticular pseudodrusen (RPD) on spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SDOCT) scans. Regression analysis was used to compare groups. RESULTS. Occurrence of >20 macular drusen was more frequent in the early-onset CNV group than the late-onset CNV group (odds ratio [OR] 2.93; P ? 0.01) or the no-CNV group (OR 2.17; P ? 0.02). Retinal pigment epithelium atrophy, RPD, and HRD appeared less frequently in the early-onset CNV group than in the late-onset CNV group (RPE atrophy: OR 0.11; P ? 0.005; RPD: OR 0.04; P ? 9.38 3 10(cid:2)10, HRD: OR 0.30; P ? 0.004) and no-CNV group (RPE atrophy: OR 0.12; P ? 0.005; RPD: OR 0.40, P ? 0.03, HRD: not signi?cant). No differences were detected regarding presence of large drusen, pigmentary abnormalities, and EMD. CONCLUSIONS. A large number of macular drusen in the fellow eye appeared to be characteristic for early onset of NVAMD, whereas RPE atrophy, HRD, and RPD were more frequently present in AMD patients > 80 years. Prospective trials with patients converting to NVAMD are required to further analyze morphologic characteristics for early versus late development of advanced AMD.
关键词： reticular pseudodrusen,fellow eye,spectral-domain optical coherence tomography,neovascular age-related macular degeneration
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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[ACM Press the 2018 ACM Symposium - Warsaw, Poland (2018.06.14-2018.06.17)] Proceedings of the 2018 ACM Symposium on Eye Tracking Research & Applications - ETRA '18 - Automatic mapping of gaze position coordinates of eye-tracking glasses video on a common static reference image
摘要： This paper describes a method for automatic semantic gaze mapping from video obtained by eye-tracking glasses to a common reference image. Image feature detection and description algorithms are utilized to find the position of subsequent video frames and map corresponding gaze coordinates on a common reference image. This process allows aggregate experiment results for further experiment analysis and provides an alternative for manual semantic gaze mapping methods.
关键词： feature matching,computer vision,eye tracking,semantic gaze mapping
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46