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Polymer Fiber Optic Sensors – A Mini Review of their Synthesis and Applications
摘要： Fiber optic sensors (FOSs) are optical fiber based sensing devices that have been widely used to detect physical, chemical and biological parameters. Polymer optical fibers (POFs), an important type of optical fibers, have been stifled their talents in the field of optical sensing due to the overwhelming popularity of glass optical fibers (GOFs). The unique physical and chemical properties of POFs start attracting interests to be utilized in the fabrication of high performance sensors in recent years. This article reviews the recent progress of POFs based FOSs. In particular, the article will focus on novel techniques implemented on the POF sensor fabrication, including monolayer graphene, evanescent wave absorption, localized surface plasmon resonance and fiber Bragg grating.
关键词： Localized surface plasmon resonance,Fiber Bragg gratings,Evanescent wave,Microstructured polymer optical fiber,Polymer fiber optic sensor
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Bacteria functionalized gold nanoparticle matrix based fiber-optic sensor for monitoring heavy metal pollution in water
摘要： In the present study, E.coli B40 bacteria were explored as possible receptors on localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) based biosensor for sensing heavy metal ions viz. mercury (Hg2+) and cadmium (Cd2+) in water. The E.coli B40 bacteria were immobilized on gold nanoparticles (AuNP) coated fiber-optic probes by depositing two bi-layers of oppositely charged polyelectrolytes. The E.coli immobilized sensor probes were subjected to different concentrations of Hg2+ and Cd2+ ions, ranging from 0.5 ppb to 2000 ppb. These metal ions interact with the thiols and other surface groups present on the bacterial cells, resulting in the change of refractive index around AuNP coated sensor probes, thereby modulating the sensor response. The detection was performed by spiking de-ionized (DI) water and tap water with metal ions and the limit of detection was found to be 0.5 ppb. The proposed sensor could detect heavy metal ions within 10 min from a small sample (< 1 ml) and showed good selectivity towards heavy metal ions over other transition metal ions. Control studies performed using amino acids like cysteine as receptors were found to be less sensitive than the proposed scheme using bacterial cells.
关键词： polyelectrolytes,fiber-optic sensor,Bacteria,gold nanoparticles,heavy metal ions,localized surface plasmon resonance
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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A field study on the application of distributed temperature sensing technology in thermal response tests for borehole heat exchangers
摘要： Although the enhanced thermal response test (ETRT) method has been used to determine the distribution of ground temperatures and effective thermal conductivities, there are a number of obstacles which limit the wide application of this technology in the discipline of geoengineering. In this literature, four aspects of ETRT technology were investigated: (a) acquisition of ground temperature, (b) installation of the heat exchange tubes, (c) optimization of the monitoring positions, and (d) the difference in thermal conductivity obtained by the ETRT and numerical simulation. To investigate these issues, a field trial was carried out in Heze, Shandong Province, China, and the corresponding numerical models were built. The results demonstrate that: (i) the conventional methods that infer undisturbed ground temperature using water in tubes have large errors, whereas the distributed temperature sensing (DTS) technique enables the measurement of precise temperature profiles; (ii) the thermal conductivity measured using double U-tubes reflects the soil thermal property more accurately than that for a single U-tube; (iii) it is more reasonable to install optical fibers outside the U-tube sidewall than inside the observation tube; and (iv) it is essential to quantitatively consider various interface thermal impedance when estimating ground thermal conductivities using numerical simulation.
关键词： Fiber optic sensor,Distributed temperature sensing (DTS),Ground-coupled heat pump (GCHP),Thermal conductivity,Thermal response test (TRT)
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Studies on development of NiTi-integrated optical fiber sensor and its life cycle behavior
摘要： Shape memory alloy coating on an optical fiber plays an important role in developing novel active thermal sensors in the field of microelectromechanical systems. In this article, a detailed analysis of NiTi alloy deposited over plastic optical fiber was discussed. A detailed investigation of the morphological, structural, and thermal properties of the NiTi-coated optic fiber was conducted. The uniformity, crystallinity, transformation temperatures, and thermal stability of the coatings were measured using differential scanning calorimetry, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and thermogravimetric analysis, respectively. Also, an electrical actuation setup thermo-mechanical test was conducted through Joule heating in which different voltages at varying loads have been used. The sensor characteristic–based parameters (time response and sensitivity) were also calculated. The article presents a complete analysis of experimental results showing the properties and performances of the plastic optical fiber after coating with shape memory alloy.
关键词： shape memory alloy,flash evaporation,Fiber optic sensor
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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INVESTIGATING THE EFFECT OF TAPER LENGTH ON SENSITIVITY OF THE TAPERED-FIBER BASED TEMPERATURE SENSOR
摘要： A temperature sensor using single-mode tapered fiber is presented. To better understand the behaviour of a tapered optical fiber, transmission experiments with different taper profiles, specifically waist length were performed. The effects of taper profiles on the sensitivity of the sensor were also investigated. It is demonstrated that careful selection of the taper profile can increase the sensitivity of the sensor. In our experiment, a good temperature sensing result was achieved using the optimum parameter. The best sensitivity achieved was 45.5 pm/°C that measured the range of temperature from 30°C to 120°C. The fabricated sensors are easy to fabricate and relatively low cost. Our results indicate that the tapered fiber based temperature sensor has high sensitivity and good repeatability.
关键词： temperature sensor,tapered fiber,Fiber optic sensor
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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[IEEE 2018 International Russian Automation Conference (RusAutoCon) - Sochi (2018.9.9-2018.9.16)] 2018 International Russian Automation Conference (RusAutoCon) - Fiber Optic Technologies for Diagnostic Monitoring of Digital Energy Grids Based on “Smart Grids Plus” Concept
摘要： A modern level of information technologies and computer facilities, as well as an actively developing digitalization of energy grids, allow us to reconsider approaches towards the development and improvement of the functions of automation and control systems for energy installations of various voltage classes. Primarily, it is a medium voltage, as the most common and, in connection with this, the most significant for end users. We propose a new 'Smart Grids Plus' concept for the digital energy grids design. These grids, in addition to the layers of intelligent energy grids and information communication channels, include a layer of diagnostic monitoring based on a passive fiber optic sensor networks. Sensor networks have a hybrid TWDM structure – information exchange channels and integrated fiber optical sensors – core, based on a new technology for address interrogation and multiplexing – special addressable fiber Bragg gratings, combined for arbitrary topologies. Some examples of diagnostic monitoring nets for temperature control of complete switchgear contacts and busbars are considered. Their principles of operation are discussed. The main advantages of these sensor networks are using addressable fiber Bragg gratings simultaneously with sensors and multiplexing elements, and using the PON structure simultaneously with sensor and communication networks.
关键词： fiber optic sensor and passive optical network,complete switchgear contact,smart grids plus,digital energy grids,temperature monitoring,busbar,addressable fiber Bragg grating
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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Hydrous ethanol detection using a graphene oxide-coated Fresnel reflection sensor
摘要： Ethanol accounts for approximately half of all biomass fuel production, being one of the most important renewable fuel sources. To meet the requirements for ethanol concentration monitoring, we propose a graphene oxide (GO)-coated fiber optic (FO) sensor. The ethanol concentration is derived from the Fresnel reflection intensities from the interface between sensor head and surrounding hydrous ethanol. The molecular enrichment properties of GO improved the sensitivity and concentration measurement range of the sensor. We observed fast linear responses with an average sensitivity of 0.08 dB/% in all the 0–100% concentration range, satisfying the requirements for hydrous ethanol monitoring.
关键词： Ethanol Concentration,Fresnel reflection,Graphene Oxide,Fiber-optic sensor
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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Optical fiber coated Zinc Oxide (ZnO) nanorods decorated with Palladium (Pd) for hydrogen sensing
摘要： A novel hydrogen (H2) sensor was developed using acid-etched optical fiber coated with zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorods. The sensing performance was done by comparing the acid-etched fiber coated with ZnO nanorods with and without decorated Palladium (Pd). The conventional optical single-mode fiber (SMF) with a diameter of 125 μm has been modified as a transducing platform by etching it to 11 μm diameter using hydrofluoric acid (HF) to enhance the evanescent field of the light propagates in the fiber core. The etched fiber was coated with ZnO nanorods via hydrothermal process by using seeding and growth solution method. The sensing layer was characterized through Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-Ray (EDX) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) to verify the properties of ZnO. Catalyst Palladium (Pd) was sputtered onto the ZnO nanorods to improve H2 detection. The developed sensor operating temperature was found to be 150 °C that produces 6.36 dBm increase in response towards the 1% concentration of H2 in synthetic air. It was then tested with different concentration of H2. The sensor decorated with Pd has better performance in sensing compared to non-decorated Pd based on the output power versus time. The sensor best response and recovery times is 6 and 5 min respectively, for acid-etched optical fiber coated with ZnO nanorods decorated with Pd for 0.75% of H2 concentrations at 150 °C. The results indicate the optical fiber sensor might improve the performance towards H2 as oppose to the conventional electrical sensor.
关键词： Zinc oxide nanorods,Etching optical fiber,Hydrothermal method,Light-intensity response,Hydrogen sensor,Fiber optic sensor
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Novel Airflow Sensor Using Laser Heated Sn-microsphere Airgap Fiber Fabry–Pirot Interferometer
摘要： We proposed a novel fiber optic hot-wire anemometer based on an Sn metal airgap fiber Fabry–Pérot interferometer (AG-FFPI). An airgap can be naturally formed between the fiber endface and melting Sn metal via overlaying technique. The metal Sn microcavity is directly heated by a 980 nm pumping laser diode (LD) to obtain desired steady-state high temperature (T) of the Sn metal, which exceeds T of the surroundings. Cooling effect on the heated Sn metal by air flowing is converted to optical wavelength blue shifted of interference fringes. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed Sn metal microcavity AG-FFPI has good performance for airflow measurement and high response to T in the metal Sn. An average sensitivity of about 0.62 nm/(m/s) over the airflow range of 0–10m/s is achieved with an Sn-microcavity of 9 μm and heated power of 45mW.
关键词： Metal,Airflow sensor,Fiber optic sensor,Fiber anemometer,Airgap fiber Fabry–Pérot interferometer
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Fiber optic sensor based on ZnO nanowires decorated by Au nanoparticles for improved plasmonic biosensor
摘要： Fiber-optic-based localized surface plasmon resonance (FO-LSPR) sensors with three-dimensional (3D) nanostructures have been developed. these sensors were fabricated using zinc oxide (Zno) nanowires and gold nanoparticles (Aunps) for highly sensitive plasmonic biosensing. the main achievements in the development of the biosensors include: (1) an extended sensing area, (2) light trapping effect by nanowires, and (3) a simple optical system based on an optical fiber. The 3D nanostructure was fabricated by growing the ZnO nanowires on the cross-section of optical fibers using hydrothermal synthesis and via immobilization of Aunps on the nanowires. the proposed sensor outputted a linear response according to refractive index changes. The 3D FO-LSPR sensor exhibited an enhanced localized surface plasmon resonance response of 171% for bulk refractive index changes when compared to the two-dimensional (2D) FO-LSPR sensors where the AuNPs are fixed on optical fiber as a monolayer. In addition, the prostate-specific antigen known as a useful biomarker to diagnose prostate cancer was measured with various concentrations in 2D and 3D FO-LSPR sensors, and the limits of detection (LODs) were 2.06 and 0.51 pg/ml, respectively. When compared to the 2D nanostructure, the LOD of the sensor with 3D nanostructure was increased by 404%.
关键词： fiber optic sensor,plasmonic biosensor,Au nanoparticles,localized surface plasmon resonance,ZnO nanowires,FO-LSPR sensors
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22