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New Perspectives in Surgical Marking Since the Advent of Infrared Laser Angiography
摘要： This study investigates the utility of common surgical dyes under direct visualization and infrared laser angiography. Pigments affecting light within the visual (λ = 400–700 nm) and infrared (λ = 700–1000 nm) spectra were placed on subjects spanning the Fitzpatrick scale. Photometric properties of these pigments were assessed under direct visualization and infrared laser angiography. Among patients of various Fitzpatrick classifications, black ink pigment and pigment within the violet spectrum (λ = 380–450 nm) were most distinguishable under direct visualization. Colored inks, gentian violet and methylene blue dyes, were not visualized under infrared laser angiography. Black permanent ink appeared under both direct visualization and infrared laser angiography. Indocyanine green suspended in ethyl alcohol and applied to skin as a marking pen appeared clear under direct visualization and was detectable under infrared laser angiography. Black permanent marking ink allows visualization of surgical markings under infrared laser angiography, whereas gentian violet and methylene blue did not interfere with infrared visualization. Indocyanine green suspended in ethyl alcohol is a contemporary marking pen that may be used to outline anatomical surface landmarks under infrared laser angiography.
关键词： dye,methylene blue,skin marking,surgical marking,infrared laser angiography,marking pen,indocyanine green,gentian violet,surgical planning,ink
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Photocatalytic Degradation of Gentian Violet Using BaxSr1-xFe0.5Co0.5O3-d
摘要： Perovskite oxides BaxSr1-xFe0.5Co0.5O3-δ (x = 0.2, 0.4) were synthesized by citrate method. The structures and the morphology of the prepared samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The photocatalytic degradation property of Gentian violet in aqueous solution was investigated using BaxSr1-xFe0.5Co0.5O3-δ as the photocatalysts. The effects of irradiation time, catalyst dose, initial concentration and pH value on the degradation were explored systematically under the irradiation of a 400 W high pressure mercury lamp. The optimum reacted conditions were that irradiation time was 60 and 80 min, catalyst dose 0.2 and 0.22 g in 100 mL10 mg/L Gentian violet solution using Ba0.2Sr0.8Fe0.5Co0.5O3-δ and Ba0.4Sr0.6Fe0.5Co0.5O3-δ, respectively, initial concentration and pH value were Gentian violet 5 mg/L and 3.08 for both photocatalysts.
关键词： Influence factors,Photocatalytic degradation,BaxSr1-xFe0.5Co0.5O3-δ,Gentian violet
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Photocatalytic Degradation of Gentian Violet with Li Doped Bismuth Oxide Nanorods
摘要： Li doped bismuth oxide nanorods have been synthesized via the hydrothermal route. The obtained nanorods possess semi-circular tips, the length and diameter are 1–5 μm and 50–350 nm, respectively. The photocatalytic activity of the Li doped bismuth oxide nanorods has been analyzed by the photocatalytic degradation of gentian violet (GV). GV with the concentration of 10 mg · mL?1 can be photodegraded totally in the presence of 10 mg Li doped bismuth oxide nanorods under UV light irradiation for 60 min. The photodegradation ratio of the Li doped bismuth oxide nanorods is closely relative to the content of the nanorods and initial GV concentration. The photodegradation ratio decreases obviously with the decrease of the content of the nanorods and increase of initial GV concentration.
关键词： Photocatalysis,Li Doped Bismuth Oxide Nanorods,Gentian Violet,Scanning Electron Microscopy
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46