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- 2019
- cascaded H-bridge (CHB) multilevel converters
- PWM clamping strategy
- solar PhotoVoltaic (PV)
- fault tolerance
- reactive power
- Ancillary services
- Electrical Engineering and Automation
- Indian Institute of Technology
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Dual-photocathode array propelled lab-on-paper ratiometric photoelectrochemical sensing platform for ultrasensitive microRNA bioassay
摘要： In this work, a dual-photocathode array propelled lab-on-paper ratiometric photoelectrochemical (PEC) sensing platform integrated with DNA bridge nanostructure mediated electron-transfer tunneling distance regulation strategy was engineered for ultrasensitive assay of microRNA-141 (miRNA-141). Specifically, the spatial-resolved dual-photocathode array were comprised of a working electrode (PCE1) and internal reference electrode (PCE2), which were responsible for producing independent working signal (Iw) and internal reference signal (Ir). The dual-photocathode array was assembled with cascading multiple photosensitive structures enhanced rigidity remarkably increased the electron-transfer tunneling distance DNA probes from various concentrations of miRNA-141 induced duplex specific output DNA probes produced with a constant concentration of miRNA-141 were (NPs). With the proximity regulation of DNA hairpins H1 and H2, the amplified nanostructures on PCE1 and PCE2. Those formed DNA bridge nanostructures with consisting of pyramid-shaped Cu2O, graphene quantum dots, and AgI nanoparticles introduced onto PCE2, resulting in the formation of different amounts of DNA bridge photocurrent signals were obtained on PCE1 and PCE2. When target existed, the output nuclease-catalyzed target recycling reactions were introduced onto PCE1, while the Iw and constant Ir were ultimately collected. By monitoring the ratio of Iw and Ir, the different amounts of target-induced output DNA probes on PCE1 and PCE2, the variable between the sensing interface and AgI NPs immobilized on the terminals of H1 and H2, leading to noticeably decreased photocurrent signals. Based on the introduction of ultrasensitive bioassay of miRNA-141 was realized with high accuracy, selectivity, and practicability.
关键词： Pyramid-shaped Cu2O,Dual-photocathode array,DNA bridge nanostructure,Photoelectrochemical,Ratiometric
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Anti-LID Process with a Remote Direct Heating Method Using a Half-Bridge Resonance Circuit for a PERC Solar Cell Module
摘要： As the importance of the levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) increases in the solar cell industry, the demand for high-ef?ciency solar cells is rapidly increasing. Typically, p-type passivated emitter rear contact (PERC) solar cells are the most commonly used in the industry, and their ef?ciency is approximately 22–23%. P-type solar cells are reported to exhibit a light-induced degradation (LID) phenomenon, in which their output constantly decreases during power generation under solar radiation, and the output signi?cantly reduces as their reference ef?ciency increases. Ultra-high-ef?ciency solar cells, which are on high demand, have a considerable output reduction due to the LID phenomenon; hence, technologies to prevent the LID phenomenon are required. However, research on this phenomenon has not been conducted because there is no method to transfer heat to solar cells inside the encapsulant when the modules are produced. In this study, a regeneration state was formed by remotely heating solar cells without damaging the encapsulant of the solar cell module. This was accomplished by using a heating method based on an induction magnetic ?eld. A half-bridge resonance circuit was used to apply the induction magnetic ?eld, and the temperature of the solar cell was controlled by adjusting the magnitude of the current ?owing through the coil. To determine whether only the solar cell was heated, the temperature distribution inside the module was analyzed using an IR camera. The minority carrier lifetime was examined by real-time observation of the open-circuit voltage pattern of the solar cell. Finally, the observed real-time open-circuit voltage data were used, and dynamic simulation of the regeneration process was applied to analyze the LID activation energy generated in the regeneration process of the solar cell module. In conclusion, research was conducted on applying the regeneration state to prevent the LID phenomenon in the solar-cell-module stage, and the LID activation energy of the solar cell module was extracted. Based on this, a nondestructive degradation prevention technology for the solar cell module was developed.
关键词： solar module,half-bridge resonance circuit,light-induced degradation,solar cell,regeneration,remote heating
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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[IEEE 2019 IEEE 46th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) - Chicago, IL, USA (2019.6.16-2019.6.21)] 2019 IEEE 46th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) - Intermediate Band Challenge in InAs/GaAs Quantum Dot Solar Cell at Cryogenic Temperatures
摘要： Medium voltage drives (MVDs) are commonly used in high-power applications and show significant impact on the overall system dynamics due to their large size and high power demand. Although detailed switching models for MVDs can be built using MATLAB/Simulink, such models cannot be used in large-scale simulation software for power system dynamic studies. To solve this problem, the dynamic load model for the medium voltage cascaded H-bridge multi-level inverter drive and induction motor systems, which is suitable for power system dynamic studies, is proposed in this paper. Analytical formula of the model is presented. The model includes the aggregated effect of an MVD, an induction motor, and their control system, and thus, it can accurately represent the dynamic responses of the motor drive system under disturbances. Both voltage and frequency dependence are considered in the model. The accuracy of the model is verified by a case study. A sensitivity study is conducted to evaluate the impact of the model parameter variation on dynamic response characteristics. The developed load model can be readily inserted in the large-scale power system simulation software for power system dynamic studies.
关键词： power system dynamic studies,voltage dependence,load model,Cascaded H-bridge multi-level inverter,frequency dependence,medium voltage drives (MVDs)
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Computation of Power Extraction From Photovoltaic Arrays Under Various Fault Conditions
摘要： Medium voltage drives (MVDs) are commonly used in high-power applications and show significant impact on the overall system dynamics due to their large size and high power demand. Although detailed switching models for MVDs can be built using MATLAB/Simulink, such models cannot be used in large-scale simulation software for power system dynamic studies. To solve this problem, the dynamic load model for the medium voltage cascaded H-bridge multi-level inverter drive and induction motor systems, which is suitable for power system dynamic studies, is proposed in this paper. Analytical formula of the model is presented. The model includes the aggregated effect of an MVD, an induction motor, and their control system, and thus, it can accurately represent the dynamic responses of the motor drive system under disturbances. Both voltage and frequency dependence are considered in the model. The accuracy of the model is verified by a case study. A sensitivity study is conducted to evaluate the impact of the model parameter variation on dynamic response characteristics. The developed load model can be readily inserted in the large-scale power system simulation software for power system dynamic studies.
关键词： voltage dependence,power system dynamic studies,medium voltage drives (MVDs),frequency dependence,Cascaded H-bridge multi-level inverter,load model
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Grid-connected photovoltaic system employing a single-phase T-type cascaded H-bridge inverter
摘要： This paper presents the control and application of a single-phase T-type nine-level cascaded H-Bridge (TCHB) multilevel inverter (MLI) topology. This paper focuses on the effectiveness of the TCHB and its control by presenting the inverter operation based on a PI current controller along with a Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) scheme to realize a grid-tied photovoltaic (PV) system and a novel PWM method offering self-balancing at the DC-link capacitors. In order to attain gating signals for power transistors (IGBTs), the TCHB employs a PWM with one triangular carrier signal and eight reference signals. In addition, a mathematical modelling of the PWM method, along with a theoretical explanation of the self-balancing process has also been provided. To prove the effectiveness of the proposed TCHB topological design, it has been comparatively analysed against other fundamental MLI and symmetric CHB topologies. In addition, to corroborate the working of the control and the PV system application, levels ( ± 2Vdc, ± 2?Vdc, ± Vdc, ± ?Vdc, 0), simulation and hardware results have been presented.
关键词： Nine-level inverter,Pulse Width-Modulation (PWM),Grid-connected,Photovoltaic (PV) system,T-type cascaded H-bridge
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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[IEEE 2018 Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM 2018) - Paris (2018.7.8-2018.7.13)] 2018 Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM 2018) - A Quantum Hall Effect Kelvin Bridge for Resistance Calibration
摘要： We describe a resistance ratio bridge suitable for calibrating a four-terminal resistor of value close to the quantum Hall resistance. The bridge includes three quantum Hall elements, wired with multiple connections. The unique properties of the quantum Hall effect provide a Kelvin-like combining network and the rejection of wiring stray resistances. The bridge has a simple schematic and does not include any adjustable element: its reading is the deviation from equilibrium, measured as a small voltage ratio. Circuit network analysis predicts that a basic implementation of the bridge can reach a calibration accuracy in the 10?8 range.
关键词： calibration,Quantum Hall effect,resistance standards,resistance bridge
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Highly sensitive and recyclable sensing of Fe3+ ions based on a luminescent anionic [Cd(DMIPA)]2- framework with exposed thioether group in the snowflake-like channels
摘要： An interesting chemically stable metal-organic framework, {(NC2H8)2[Cd(DMIPA)]·xG}n (G=guest molecules of H2O and DMA, DMA= N,N-Dimethylacetamide) (1), featuring a 4-connected uninodal {42.64} topology and 18 ? × 18 ? snow?ake-like channels along the c axis with exposed thioether groups, was assembled by employing a tetratopic polycarboxylate ligand of 5,5?-thiobisophthalic acid (H4DMIPA). Ligand-based photoluminescence and solvent-dependent ?uorescent intensities were exhibited in compound 1. Most strikingly, it showed remarkable sensitivity and selectivity toward Fe3+ ions under the presence of other metal ions. The photoluminescence quenching could be detected at a very low concentration of 1.62 ppm, and the maximum quenching e?ciency was found to be 97.2% at 0.175 mM. Signi?cantly, compound 1 can be recycled after use. The ?uorescence intensity and quenching percentage of 1 exhibited very little changes after being used for ten successive cycles (I0 = 6349–6093, and QP = 95.4–96.2%), indicating that 1 is a very promising MOFs-based sensor with remarkable sensitivity, selectivity, and reusability towards Fe3+ ions.
关键词： Metal-organic framework,–S– bridge,Fluorescence sensor,Fe3+ sensing
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Dynamic and quasi-static signal separation method for bridges under moving loads based on long-gauge FBG strain monitoring
摘要： Structural health monitoring is an important means of obtaining the state information of bridges, and the extracted quasi-static strain signal can reflect the stress state of bridges directly. However, the strain signals acquired during the operation stage of bridges are dynamic, and the strain gauges used in the health monitoring system are short (no more than 10 cm), which means they are easily affected by small damage at the installation parts of bridges and thereby the monitoring signal abnormalities occur. A type of externally affixed long-gauge fiber strain gauge is used to monitor the health of bridges, and the dynamic and quasi-static signal separation method for long-gauge strain sensors is studied under different vehicle loads; at the same time, the dynamic monitoring performance of the long-gauge sensor is investigated in this paper. The quasi-static strain signal extracted from the dynamic macro-strain signal can be used to directly monitor the stress status of the bridge. The results show that the method proposed in this paper is feasible for extracting the quasi-static macro-strain from a dynamic long-gauge strain signal.
关键词： signal processing,bridge engineering,empirical mode decomposition method,macro-strain,Bridge health monitoring
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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Metal-ion bridged high conductive RGO-M-MoS2 (M = Fe3+, Co2+, Ni2+, Cu2+ and Zn2+) composite electrocatalysts for photo-assisted hydrogen evolution
摘要： Efficient photo-electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) are synthesized using a facile one-step hydrothermal method. With metal-ion bridges, highly dispersed molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) nanolayers are vertically grown on the reduced graphene oxide (RGO) to form RGO-M-MoS2 photocatalysts for HER, where M = Fe3+, Co2+, Ni2+, Cu2+ and Zn2+. The results show that the cross-bridging ions can modulate the MoS2 growth priority and act as efficient charge transfer channels between RGO and MoS2, and combine the advantages of the high conductivity of graphene with the photo-electrochemical activity of MoS2. The metal-ion bridged MoS2-M-RGO heterostructures demonstrate superior catalytic activity toward hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in acid medium, evidenced by the remarkable higher catalytic current density at low overpotential compared with that of MoS2-RGO without metal-ion bridge. This study provides a novel and facile route for establishing efficient composite photo-electrocatalysts for water splitting to generate hydrogen.
关键词： hydrogen evolution reaction,MoS2 nanosheets,reduced graphene oxide,metal-ion bridge
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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[IEEE 2018 IEEE International Symposium on the Physical and Failure Analysis of Integrated Circuits (IPFA) - Singapore (2018.7.16-2018.7.19)] 2018 IEEE International Symposium on the Physical and Failure Analysis of Integrated Circuits (IPFA) - Seebeck Effect Imaging to Improve Short Defect Localization
摘要： Seebeck effect usually comes with OBIRCH analysis. Thermal variation will be generated when the IR laser irradiates on IC. The thermal gradient will induce small electrical potential gradient on different metals, like metal bridge defect. So Seebeck Effect Imaging is an important supplymentary method when doing OBIRCH analysis. Here we used Seebeck Effect Imaging to improve short defect localization on 45nm Cu metal AUTO products.
关键词： Seebeck effect,OBIRCH,metal bridge
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36