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Life cycle assessment of hole transport free planara??mesoscopic perovskite solar cells
摘要： Organo-metal lead halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) attract attention due to their low cost and high power conversion efficiency. Some weak points of this technology are short lifetime, instability, and expensive metal electrode deposition. Eliminating the unstable hole transport layer (HTL) and using carbon-based materials as the counter electrode would address both. In this work, we present a cradle-to-gate life cycle assessment of two HTL-free PSC designs, which use solution phase deposition to achieve mesoscopic and planar structures. Environmental impacts of producing 1 m2 PSCs are converted to impacts per kWh electricity generation assuming 5 years of operational lifetime. We find that major impacts come from fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO) glass patterning due to the electricity consumption of FTO patterning and glass cleaning processes. Even though the electricity consumption when manufacturing both PSCs is similar, their different efficiencies make the environmental impacts per kWh of electricity higher for the mesoscopic PSC than for the planar PSC. Energy payback time values of planar PSCs and mesoscopic PSCs are 0.58 and 0.74 years, respectively, and these values are shorter than those of commercial first and second generation solar cells. However, the global warming potential (GWP) values of planar and mesoscopic PSCs are 75 and 94 g CO2-eq/kWh, respectively, and these values are still higher than those of commercial solar cells. To reach the GWP of commercial cells, the operational lifetime would have to be 8 and 10 years for planar and mesoscopic PSCs, respectively.
关键词： mesoscopic,environmental impacts,HTL-free,life cycle assessment,planar,perovskite solar cells
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Numerical simulation of carrier transporting layer free planar perovskite cells
摘要： One of challenging issues in research on planar perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is to design a device structure as simple as possible with high device performance, being beneficial to decreasing process complexity, improving device stability and reducing fabrication cost. In this work, concerning two categories of configurations, p-CH3NH3PbI3 based hole transporting layer (HTL) free planar PSCs, as well as p-CH3NH3PbI3 based HTL- free and electron transporting layer (ETL) free planar PSCs were modeled and simulated by AFORS-HET software, and the performances of these PSCs were analyzed in detail. Several factors or parameters that influence the performance of PSCs were concerned in the models, such as interface defect layer, trap density of the perovskite layer, series resistance and shunt resistance. The yielded power conversion efficiency (PCE) of HTL-free PSCs with the configurations of ZnO:Al/ZnO/CH3NH3PbI3 and ZnO:Al/TiO2/CH3NH3PbI3 were 14.36% and 16.92%, respectively. Three transparent conductive oxide (TCO) materials, i.e. ZnO:Al, FTO and ITO, were directly combined with p-type CH3NH3PbI3 to form ZnO:Al/CH3NH3PbI3, FTO/CH3NH3PbI3 and ITO/CH3NH3PbI3 carrier transporting layer free PSCs, with the PCE up to 15.91%, 15.48% and 6.42%, respectively. This evaluation indicates the high performances of some both HTL-free and ETL-free, carrier transporting layer free, planar PSCs with TCO/perovskite heterojunctions, an extremely simple device structure. This could be because photo-generated carriers can be effectively separated by built-in electric field and transported from p-n heterojunctions to electrodes in TCO/CH3NH3PbI3 heterojunction solar cells.
关键词： Planar perovskite solar cells,HTL-free,Power conversion efficiency,TCO/ETL/CH3NH3PbI3,TCO/CH3NH3PbI3,ETL-free
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36