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Enhancement of cytotoxic effect on human head and neck cancer cells by?combination of photodynamic therapy and sulforaphan
摘要： Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a method to treat cancers using photosensitizer and light. PDT has been tried for several tumors. However, the clinical applications are limited by the toxicity of photosensitizer and narrow effect. Sulforaphane (SFN) is a material of isothiocyanate group and known to have anticancer effect. We evaluated the cytotoxic effect of PDT combined with SFN on human head and neck cancer cells. We measured the cell viability, extent of apoptosis and necrosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and caspase activation. Cell viability was decreased significantly by combination treatment. Cellular apoptosis and necrosis were increased in combination treatment compared to SFN or PDT. ROS generation was also higher in combination treatment than single treatment. In combination treatment group, apoptosis and necrosis were decreased by administration of sodium azide (SA) which is scavenger of ROS. Increased caspase activation in combination treatment was also inhibited by SA. Combination of PDT and SFN led to enhanced cytotoxic effect on head and neck cancer cells. Combination treatment promoted the ROS generation, which induced cell death through activation of caspase pathway.
关键词： Sulforaphane,Reactive oxygen species,Head and neck cancer,Photodynamic therapy
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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18F-FDG PET/TC para la estadificación y la delineación del volumen de radioterapia en el cáncer de cabeza y cuello
摘要： Purpose: The aim is to investigate the use of 18F-FDG (fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose) PET/CT in head and neck cancer (HNC) staging and its effect on the therapeutic strategy and radiotherapy (RT) planning. Methods and materials: One hundred patients with HNC were included. Primary tumor sites: 18% oral cavity, 20% oropharynx, 12% hypopharynx, 11% nasopharynx, 37% larynx, 2% paranasal sinuses. Patients were staged according to the American Joint Committee of Cancer 7th edition. Stage: 5% stage I, 7% stage II, 14% stage III, 61% stage IVA, 7% stage IVB and 6% stage IVC. A contrast-enhanced CT and a 18F-FDG PET/CT acquired under RT position were performed. Both exams were compared to analyze patients' staging reclassification. Changes in therapeutic strategy were analyzed. Results: 18F-FDG PET/CT detected 6 distant metastases and treatment intention changed to palliative. Eight synchronous tumors were detected; one received palliative treatment. 18F-FDG PET/CT reclassified cTNM staging in 27 patients. Tumor extension changed in 28 (14% up-staged; 14% down-staged), implying a change in GTV (Gross Tumor Volume) delineation. Nodal detection was reclassified in 47 patients: 8 patients down-staged (N2C to N2A/N2B/N1) and 2 were false positive. Nineteen patients were false negatives and 5 staged as N+ (N1/N2A/N2B) turned out into N2C. These staging modifications imply adapting the nodal volume to be irradiated. Conclusions: 18F-FDG PET/CT reclassification was higher than 10% in almost all categories studied (cTNM, tumor extension and nodal disease) and detects more metastases and synchronous tumors than conventional studies, which has an impact on the therapeutic patient management and RT planning.
关键词： Head and neck cancer,18F-FDG PET/CT,Radiotherapy planning,Staging
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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[IEEE 2018 7th European Workshop on Visual Information Processing (EUVIP) - Tampere, Finland (2018.11.26-2018.11.28)] 2018 7th European Workshop on Visual Information Processing (EUVIP) - Automatic 3D Detection and Segmentation of Head and Neck Cancer from MRI Data
摘要： A novel algorithm for automatic head and neck 3D tumour segmentation from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is presented. The proposed algorithm pre-processes the MRI data slices to enhance quality and reduce artefacts. An intensity standardisation process is performed between slices, followed by cancer region segmentation of central slice, to get the correct intensity range and rough location of tumour regions. Fourier interpolation is applied to create isotropic 3D MRI volume. A new location-constrained 3D level set method segments the tumour from the interpolated MRI volume. The proposed algorithm is tested on real MRI data. The results show that the novel 3D tumour volume extraction algorithm has an improved dice score and F-measure when compared to the previous 2D and 3D segmentation method.
关键词： fuzzy clustering,magnetic resonance imaging,Fourier interpolation,head and neck cancer,3D level set method
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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Biochemical Changes in Irradiated Oral Mucosa: A FTIR Spectroscopic Study
摘要： Radiation exposure during the course of treatment in head and neck cancer (HNC) patients can induce both structural and biochemical anomalies. The present study is focused on utilizing infrared imaging for the identification of the minor biochemical alterations in the oral mucosa. Chemical maps generated using glycoprotein band indicates its differential distribution along the superficial layer. Spectra extracted from this layer suggests changes in overall nucleic acid and protein content in response to the therapeutic irradiation. Discrimination among control and irradiated groups have been achieved using principal component analysis. Findings of this preliminary study further support prospective utilization of Fourier Transform InfraRed (FTIR) imaging as a non-destructive, label-free tool for objective assessment of the oral mucosa in patient groups with or without radiation therapy.
关键词： radiotherapy,head and neck cancer,FTIR spectroscopy
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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The Clinical Application of Fluorescence-Guided Surgery in Head and Neck Cancer
摘要： Although surgical resection has been the primary treatment modality of solid tumors for decades, surgeons still rely on visual cues and palpation to delineate healthy from cancerous tissue. This may contribute to the high rate (up to 30%) of positive margins in head and neck cancer resections. Margin status in these patients is the most important prognostic factor for overall survival. In addition, second primary lesions may be present at the time of surgery. Although often unnoticed by the medical team, these lesions can have significant survival ramifications. We hypothesize that real-time fluorescence imaging can enhance intraoperative decision-making by aiding the surgeon in detecting close or positive margins and visualizing unanticipated regions of primary disease. The purpose of this study was to assess the clinical utility of real-time fluorescence imaging for intraoperative decision-making. Methods: Head and neck cancer patients (n=14) scheduled for curative resection were enrolled in a clinical trial evaluating panitumumab-IRDye800CW for surgical guidance (NCT02415881). Open-field fluorescence imaging was performed throughout the surgical procedure. The fluorescence signal was quantified as signal-to-background ratios to characterize the fluorescence contrast of regions of interest relative to background. Results: Fluorescence imaging was able to improve surgical decision-making in three cases (21.4%); identification of a close margin (n=1) and unanticipated regions of primary disease (n=2). Conclusion: This study demonstrates the clinical applications of fluorescence imaging on intraoperative decision-making. This information is required for designing phase III clinical trials using this technique. Furthermore, this study is the first to demonstrate this application for intraoperative decision-making during resection of primary tumors.
关键词： real-time intraoperative imaging,head and neck cancer,Fluorescence-guided surgery
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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Radiotherapy mucositis in head and neck cancer: prevention by low-energy surface laser
摘要： background Modern radiotherapy (RT) planning techniques and the use of oral supportive care have reduced the occurrence of acute radiation-induced toxicities. Oral mucositis remains a major concern in patients with head and neck cancer as it can compromise treatment compliance and outcome. Objective To report the rate of mucositis with the preventive use of surface low-level laser therapy in patients with head and neck cancer. Methods Forty patients treated with definitive (n=27) or adjuvant (n=13) RT using volumetric arc therapy between August 2014 and October 2015 for squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck were included. All patients were treated using photobiomodulation using surface low-level laser therapy (Heltschl kind FL 3500, 350 mW), 3 times a week during the whole treatment course. The grade of mucositis was obtained from week 1 to week 7 and at 1 month. results The median RT dose was 70 Gy (64–70). Concomitant chemotherapy was administered in 29 patients. According to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) v. 3, grade 0, 1, 2 and 3 mucositis was observed in 9 (22.5%), 9 (22.5%), 16 (40%) and 6 (15%) patients at week 7, and 32 (80%), 2 (5%), 3 (7.5%) and 3 (7.5%) patients at 1 month following treatment. No grade 4 occurred. Median average and maximum dose to the oral mucosa was 42 Gy (12.9–66.3) and 66.6 Gy (39–76), respectively. conclusion Despite a substantial dose to the oral mucosa, the rate of acute radiation-induced mucositis of grade ≥3 remains low in patients receiving extraoral low-energy laser during RT.
关键词： radiotherapy,mucositis,prevention,low-energy surface laser,head and neck cancer
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Application of red light phototherapy in the treatment of radioactive dermatitis in patients with head and neck cancer
摘要： Background: To observe the effect of red light phototherapy (RLPT) on radioactive dermatitis (RD) caused by radiotherapy in patients with head and neck cancer (HNC). Methods: Sixty patients with HNC admitted to our hospital were randomly divided into experimental group and control group, 30 patients in each group. The control group received routine daily care during radiotherapy treatment. In the experimental group, in addition to routine daily care during radiotherapy treatment, photon therapy apparatus RLPT was added, 10 min/time, 2 times/day, and lasted until the end of radiotherapy. The pain and conditions of the patients’ skin were assessed daily, and the skin pain and dermatitis grades of the two groups were compared. Results: In terms of the reaction degree of RD, experimental group was mainly grade 0–2, and control group was mainly grade 2–3, with a significant difference (P < 0.05). In terms of skin pain, according to the pain records at week 2, 3, and 4, the pain degree increased with time. However, the score of wound pain in experimental group was significantly lower than that in control group, and there was a significant difference between the two groups (P < 0.05). Conclusions: The application of RLPT in the treatment of RD can help accelerate wound healing and significantly shorten healing time. It can not only reduce wounds pain of patients, promote inflammation and ulcer healing, but also ensure the smooth progress of patients’ radiotherapy and improve their quality of lives, which is worth popularization and application in the clinical practice.
关键词： Red light phototherapy,Head and neck cancer,Radioactive dermatitis,Nasopharyngeal carcinoma
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Chemical analysis of in vivo–irradiated dentine of head and neck cancer patients by ATR-FTIR and Raman spectroscopy
摘要： Objectives To evaluate the effect of in vivo radiotherapy on the chemical properties of human dentine by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Raman analysis. Materials and methods Chemical composition was evaluated comparing control and irradiated group (n = 8). Irradiated teeth were obtained from radiotherapy patients subjected to fractionated X-ray radiation of 1.8 Gy daily totaling 72 Gy. The teeth were sectioned according to the type of dentine (crown or root dentine), obtaining 3-mm dentine cervical slices. The analyzed parameters by FTIR and Raman spectroscopies were mineral/matrix ratio (M:M), carbonate/mineral ratio (C:M), amide I/amide III ratio, and amide I/CH2 ratio. Raman also calculated the phosphate and carbonate crystallinity. Results FTIR revealed that M:M had a decrease in both factors (p = 0.008; p = 0.043, respectively) and root dentine showed a lower C:M in the irradiated group (p = 0.003). Raman revealed a higher phosphate crystallinity and a lower carbonate crystallinity in crown dentine of irradiated group (p = 0.021; p = 0.039). For amide I/amide III, the irradiated showed a lower ratio when compared to the control group (FTIR p = 0.002; Raman p = 0.017). For amide I/CH2, the root dentine showed a higher ratio than the crown dentine in both methods (p < 0.001). Conclusions Radiotherapy altered the chemical composition of human dentine. The exchange of phosphate-carbonate ions in the hydroxyapatite and higher concentration of organic components was found after radiotherapy. Clinical relevance The increased risk of radiation-related caries in patients undergoing head and neck radiotherapy is due not only to salivary, dietary, and microbiological changes but also to changes in tooth chemical composition.
关键词： Radiotherapy,Raman spectroscopy,Head and neck cancer,Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy,Dentine
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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Proton versus photon radiation-induced cell death in head and neck cancer cells
摘要： Background: Photon (X-ray) radiotherapy (XRT) kills cells via DNA damage, however, how proton radiotherapy (PRT) causes cell death in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is unclear. We investigated mechanisms of HNSCC cell death after XRT versus PRT. Methods: We assessed type of death in 2 human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive and two HPV-negative cell lines: necrosis and apoptosis (Annexin-V fluorescein isothiocyanate [FITC]); senescence (β-galactosidase); and mitotic catastrophe (γ-tubulin and diamidino-phenylindole [DAPI]). Results: The XRT-induced or PRT-induced cellular senescence and mitotic catastrophe in all cell lines studied suggested that PRT caused cell death to a greater extent than XRT. After PRT, mitotic catastrophe peaked in HPV-negative and HPV-positive cells at 48 and 72 hours, respectively. No obvious differences were noted in the extent of cell necrosis or apoptosis after XRT versus PRT. Conclusion: Under the conditions and in the cell lines reported here, mitotic catastrophe and senescence were the major types of cell death induced by XRT and PRT, and PRT may be more effective.
关键词： photon radiotherapy,radiation-induced cell death,head and neck cancer,cell death mechanisms,proton radiotherapy
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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Fully convolutional networks in multimodal nonlinear microscopy images for automated detection of head and neck carcinoma: A pilot study
摘要： Background: A fully convolutional neural networks (FCN)-based automated image analysis algorithm to discriminate between head and neck cancer and non-cancerous epithelium based on nonlinear microscopic images was developed. Methods: Head and neck cancer sections were used for standard histopathology and co-registered with multimodal images from the same sections using the combination of coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering, two-photon excited fluorescence, and second harmonic generation microscopy. The images analyzed with semantic segmentation using a FCN for four classes: cancer, normal epithelium, background, and other tissue types. Results: A total of 114 images of 12 patients were analyzed. Using a patch score aggregation, the average recognition rate and an overall recognition rate or the four classes were 88.9% and 86.7%, respectively. A total of 113 seconds were needed to process a whole-slice image in the dataset. Conclusion: Multimodal nonlinear microscopy in combination with automated image analysis using FCN seems to be a promising technique for objective differentiation between head and neck cancer and noncancerous epithelium.
关键词： digital pathology,semantic segmentation,diagnostics,second-harmonic generation,convolutional neural networks,two-photon excited fluorescence,spectral histopathology,image analysis,head and neck cancer,coherent anti-stokes Raman scattering
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14