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Indirect field technology for detecting areas object of illegal spills harmful to human health: application of drones, photogrammetry and hydrological models
摘要： The accumulation of heavy metals in agricultural soils is a serious environmental problem. The Campania region in southern Italy has higher levels of cancer risk, presumably due to the accumulation of geogenic and anthropogenic soil pollutants, some of which have been incorporated into organic matter. The aim of this study was to introduce and test an innovative, field-applicable methodology to detect heavy metal accumulation using drone-based photogrammetry and micro-rill network modelling, specifically to generate wetlands wetlands prediction indices normally applied at large catchment scales, such as a large geographic basin. The processing of aerial photos taken using a hexacopter equipped with fifth-generation software for photogrammetry allowed the generation of a digital elevation model (DEM) with a resolution as high as 30 mm. Not only this provided a high potential for the study of micro-rill processes, but it was also useful for testing and comparing the capability of the topographic index (TI) and the clima-topographic index (CTI) to predict heavy metal sedimentation points at scales from 0.1 to 10 ha. Our results indicate that the TI and CTI indices can be used to predict points of heavy metal accumulation for small field catchments.
关键词： drones,heavy metals soil pollution,Italy,health,topographic index,photogrammetry
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:21
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Method of Photoplethysmography Diagnostics of Domesticated Animals Cardiovascular Diseases
摘要： At present time the standard procedure to diagnose cardiovascular diseases (CVD) of domesticated animals (dogs) is electrocardiography (ECG) monitoring at animal clinic. Sadly, results, obtained that way, are often mistaken because of stressful state of the animal, caused by medical manipulations [1]. The usage of photoplethysmography (PPG) method can become a good substitute for CVD monitoring. Main advantages of PPG, in compare with ECG, are single probe placement (on the ear or tailset), no need of gel electrodes and capability of measuring actual CVS parameters without need of special medical training or laboratory conditions. It is one of non-invasive methods for measuring the amount of the blood volume changes inside the blood vessels, applicable for cardio activity estimation by calculating heart rate variability. In most cases, PPG monitoring devises are small, easy to place and can monitor different physiological parameters of the animal, such as heart rate, pulse wave characteristics, blood oxygen saturation, etc.
关键词： Photoplethysmography,Health monitoring systems,Cardiovascular diseases,Pulse wave,Remote diagnostics
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:21
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Permittivity and Permeability Characterization of SiC and Ferro Metals for Structural Health Monitoring Utilization
摘要： The need for wireless sensing technology has rapidly increased recently, specifically the usage of electromagnetic waves which becoming more required as a source of information. Silicon carbide (SiC) Nano particles has been used in this study, the material under test (MUT) was exposed directly to a microwave field to examine the electromagnetic behavior. The permittivity and permeability were investigated with different filler materials to approach best and optimal electromagnetic absorbing characteristics to assist engineers to monitor structure-based composite for defects evaluation that may occur during operation conditions or through manufacturing process. XRD, FESEM and both complex permittivity and permeability were measured for the pure materials that candidate for this study. The results showed that all the selected nanostructure material exhibit a good purity with proper electromagnetic properties in the X- band, this can lead to absorbing and transmission properties that can be used in monitoring structures or manufactured part during fabrication process.
关键词： Silicon carbide,electromagnetic waves,structural health monitoring,permittivity,permeability
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:21
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[IEEE 2019 IEEE 46th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) - Chicago, IL, USA (2019.6.16-2019.6.21)] 2019 IEEE 46th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) - Data-integrity Checks and Balances in Monitoring of a Solar PV System
摘要： This paper proposes to perform certain integrity checks and balances to omit the wrong data in the monitoring of a solar PV plant. Further, these checks and balances are segregated into three types: basic, specific, and pattern checks. The former is performed on the data collected from all the types of sensors. However, the second check is performed on the data collected from the specific instruments. These checks are specific to the site, instrument, parameter, etc. The third check verifies the shape of profiles between the data of different sections of the PV system. For the data-inclusion/deletion purpose, the parameters of PV plant are segregated into a triangle-hierarchy of highest-least priority. Some of the proposed checks are performed on the raw data collected from a grid-tied 271 kW PV plant and 6.4 kW test PV plant. The results have indeed identified some of the bad data and validated the proposed checks.
关键词： photovoltaic (PV),PV plant health monitoring,data quality,data integrity,PV plant data,maximum power point tracking (MPPT)
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Detection of Nutrition and Toxic Elements in Pakistani Pepper Powders Using Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy
摘要： In the current paper, we applied laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) to determine the elemental distribution of nutritional and trace heavy metals in pepper powders available in Pakistan using standard calibration curve laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (CC-LIBS) technique. The samples were found to contained elements like K, Ca, Mg, Na, Fe, Zn, Al, Pb, Cu, and Cr. Additionally, we also identified the atmospheric H-alpha line of hydrogen in the spectra which was used to estimate the electron number density. To achieve a highly sensitive LIBS system to determine nutritional and trace amounts of toxic metals in pepper powders and to achieve the best limit of detection, the LIBS system was optimized by studying the dependency of LIBS signal intensity on laser irradiance, variation in spacing between the focusing lens and target as well on the gate width. To justify the results of LIBS study, we also determined the concentration of alike (duplicate) peppers by digesting samples in appropriate solvents using a standard method like inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). The minimum detection limit was recognized for trace heavy metals from calibration curves. The results of LIBS displayed noteworthy conformity with those acquired from the ICP-OES analysis. Results of both the techniques clearly revealed that K was the most abundant element in all the peppers followed by Ca, Mg, Na, Fe, Al, Pb, Zn, Cu, and Cr. The relative accuracy of our LIBS system for different species as compared with ICP technique was in the range of 0.08–0.3 at 2.5 % error confidence. Conclusively, the present work demonstrated the suitability of LIBS technique due to its rapid, non destructive and eco-friendly approach for food security.
关键词： ICP-OES,detection of heavy metals,peppers analysis,laser induced breakdown spectroscopy,plasma parameters,Health impacts of toxic metals,laser applications
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Discerning Localized Thermal Heating from Mechanical Strain Using an Embedded Distributed Optical Fiber Sensor Network
摘要： Prior research has demonstrated that distributed optical fiber sensors (DOFS) based on Rayleigh scattering can be embedded in carbon fiber/epoxy composite structures to rapidly detect temperature changes approaching 1000°C, such as would be experienced during a high energy laser strike. However, composite structures often experience mechanical strains that are also detected during DOFS interrogation. Hence, the combined temperature and strain response in the composite can interfere with rapid detection and measurement of a localized thermal impulse. In this research, initial testing has demonstrated the simultaneous response of the DOFS to both temperature and strain. An embedded DOFS network was designed and used to isolate and measure a localized thermal response of a carbon fiber/epoxy composite to a low energy laser strike under cyclic bending strain. The sensor interrogation scheme uses a simple signal processing technique to enhance the thermal response, while mitigating the strain response due to bending. While our ultimate goal is rapid detection of directed energy on the surface of the composite, the technique could be generalized to structural health monitoring of temperature sensitive components or smart structures.
关键词： smart structures,distributed optical fiber sensors,temperature sensors,structural health monitoring,high energy radiation,polymer matrix composites,strain sensors,strain compensation
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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[Sustainable Development Goals Series] Remote Sensing for Food Security || Application of Vegetation Health Data and Products for Monitoring Food Security
摘要： The year 2018. Almost one-fifth of the twenty-first century has already past and the Earth has still been continuing the previous tendencies for a rapid population growth, declining stock of natural resources, climate warming, land cover changes, increasing natural disasters, etc., which have intensified considerably world’s concerns about the future food supply/demand and global food security (USDA 2017; FAO 2017, 1999; Heibuch 2011). Most of the indicated problems are related to a deterioration of environmental conditions. As has never been before, decision makers of the world, countries, communities, international organizations, and businesses need reliable and timely information to understand, monitor, and predict impacts of weather/climate and environmentally based Earth’s changes on global food security (FS).
关键词： Environmental Monitoring,Food Security,Vegetation Health,Drought Monitoring,Satellite Data
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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[Energy, Environment, and Sustainability] Sensors for Automotive and Aerospace Applications || Energy Harvesting Techniques for Powering Wireless Sensor Networks in Aircraft Applications: A Review
摘要： In the recent years, wireless sensors (WS) have utilized for various structural applications such as structural health monitoring and ?ight tests. The conventional battery system to power these sensors is inef?cient due to several limitations including heavyweight, large size, less power output, short cycle life, and requirement of their replacements. Therefore energy harvesting systems are gaining much research attention to build the self-powered WS. The energy harvesting unit can directly extract the energy from the local environment such as pressure, vibration, wind, thermal gradients and the solar source. The reported energy harvesting methods are piezoelectric, triboelectric, thermoelectric, electro-magnetic, and magnetostrictive. This review focuses on the different energy harvesting techniques and challenges of their integration with the WS for the aircraft applications.
关键词： Energy harvesting,Structural health monitoring,Wireless sensors,Aircraft structures
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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A global perspective on capsule endoscopy
摘要： A search of the internet today to quantify the estimated value of capsules from a global perspective, easily delivers figures stating around $200 million in 2014 to about $400 million by 2020, which would be approximately 10% of the gastrointestinal endoscopic market. Is this a steep rise within just six years or could the capsule market do even better? What chances does this offer and what are the key aspects for future success? By 2020, more than 1 billion people are aged sixty or older and around one third of them will live in what the UN calls “more developed regions”. Naturally, this brings an increased demand for colorectal cancer screening and surgery. But keeping in mind that basically every healthcare system, in any country, is already operating at its limits, how do we secure future treatment for a growing community? Surely more competition will steadily bring down prices for capsules. However, that does not ease the amount of time that is spent to properly read any video and issue a valid diagnosis for every patient. This article intends to give an overview about the current global market for capsule endoscopy (CE) with a perspective on typical patients, their indications, and how the capsules are used and by whom. Further aspects, such as standardization of training, reading and future trends will also be elaborated on.
关键词： Crohn’s disease,home delivery,e-health,inflammatory bowel disease (IBD),centralized reading,pan-intestinal capsule,remote capsule service,Capsule endoscopy (CE)
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Opinion: Lighting for health (good or bad)
摘要： I have had the privilege to serve as Director of CIE Division 6 ‘Photobiology and Photochemistry’ since 2011. My two terms will end at the next CIE Quadrennial Session in Washington DC in 2019. Division 6 has historically concentrated on the adverse effects of optical radiation on people, publishing standards for the UV erythema action spectrum, non-melanoma skin cancer action spectrum and S009 on the photobiological safety of lamps and lamp systems (adopted by IEC as IEC 62471). During my tenure, although the concerns about harm have remained, there has been a greater focus on how light may be used to benefit humans, beyond vision. Manufacturers of lighting products, designers and installers all want to market their products or services to show how they can benefit the occupants of the lit space. It was becoming very clear that many claims were not supported by robust science.
关键词： Photobiology,Lighting for health,Optical radiation,Non-visual human responses,Photometry
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01